Текст книги "От колонии до сверхдержавы. Внешние отношения США с 1776 года (ЛП)"

Автор книги: Джордж Херринг

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Текущая страница: 85 (всего у книги 91 страниц)

355

Цитируется по Bemis, Adams, 385.

356

Seventh Annual Message, December 2, 1823, in James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents of the United States (20 vols., Washington, 1897–1916), 2:776–789.

357

Gale W. McGee, «The Monroe Doctrine – A Stopgap Measure», Mississippi Valley Historical Review 38 (September 1951), 233–50.

358

Perkins, Monroe Doctrine, 73–75. Metternich is quoted on pp. 55–57.

359

Saul, Distant Friends, 101–3.

360

James E. Lewis Jr., John Quincy Adams: Policymaker for the Union (Wilmington, Del., 2001), 103.

361

Hargreaves, Adams, 116–17; Karl M. Schmitt, Mexico and the United States, 1821–1973: Conflict and Coexistence (New York, 1974), 35–41.

362

Hargreaves, Adams, 114–15.

363

Цитируется по Field, Mediterranean World, 92.

364

Цитируется по Hargreaves, Adams, 114.

365

Field, Mediterranean World, 68–101; Ussama Makdisi, «Reclaiming the Land of the Bible: Missionaries, Secularism, and Evangelical Modernity», American Historical Review 102 (June 1997), 680–90.

366

Adams’s July 4, 1821, speech to the House of Representatives may be conveniently found at www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresidents/jqadams.

367

Hargreaves, Adams, 119–21.

368

Там же, 127; Lewis, Adams, 87–88.

369

Hargreaves, Adams, 128.

370

Там же, 127; David Bushnell, «Simon Bolivar and the United States: A Study in Ambivalence», Air University Review 37 (July-August 1986), 106–12.

371

Hargreaves, Adams, 129–31.

372

Sellers, Market Revolution, 273; Remini, Clay, 299; Lars Schoultz, Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Toward Latin America (Cambridge, Mass., 1998), 80–81.

373

Hargreaves, Adams, 140–46; Remini, Clay, 301–3.

374

Цитируется по Hargreaves, Adams, 157.

375

Там же, 147–148; Remini, Clay, 292–95.

376

Remini, Clay, 300–301.

377

Lewis, Adams, 99.

378

Там же, 95; Weeks, Continental Empire, 58–59.

379

Donald B. Cole, The Presidency of Andrew Jackson (Lawrence, Kans., 1993), 41–42, 93, 241–42; John M. Belohlavek, «Let the Eagle Soar!» The Foreign Policy of Andrew Jackson (Lincoln, Neb., 1985), 34–36.

380

Davis, «Diplomatic Plumage», 171–72.

381

Belohlavek, Eagle, 92–106.

382

Walter Russell Mead, Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World (New York, 2001) использует Джексона, чтобы представить воинственную тенденцию во внешней политике США. Артур Шлезингер-младший изображает более мягкого и дипломатичного Джексона в New York Review of Books (May 15, 2003), 19.

383

Cole, Jackson, 121–23.

384

Belohlavek, Eagle, 92–106.

385

Цитируется по Marvin R. Zahniser, Uncertain Friendship: American-French Relations Through the Cold War (New York, 1975), 102.

386

Cole, Jackson, 126–27.

387

Там же, 124–25.

388

Цитируется по Charles R. Ritcheson, «Van Buren’s Mission to London, 1831–1832», International History Review 8 (May 1986), 198–211.

389

Belohlavek, Eagle, 84–88; Saul, Distant Friends, 121–22.

390

Field, Mediterranean World, 141–53; Belohlavek, Eagle, 128–38.

391

Robert Hopkins Miller, The United States and Vietnam, 1787–1941 (Washington, 1990), 32–40. Also Ronald Spector, «The American Image of Southeast Asia, 1790–1865: A Preliminary Assessment», Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 111 (September 1972), 299–305, and Belohlavek, Eagle, 162–77.

392

Schroeder, Maritime Empire, 34.

393

Christian J. Maisch, «Falkland/Malvinas Islands Clash of 1831–1832», Diplomatic History 24 (Spring 2000), 185–210. Jackson’s gunboat diplomacy is vigorously defended in Craig Evan Klafter, «United States Involvement in the Falklands Islands Crisis of 1831–1833», Journal of the Early Republic 4 (Winter 1984), 395–420.

394

Belohlavek, Eagle, 152–62.

395

Schroeder, Maritime Empire, 28; Belohlavek, Eagle, 162.

396

Robert L. Meriwether et al., The Papers of John C. Calhoun (28 vols., Columbia, S.C., 1959–2oo3), 3:350.

397

Reginald Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 198.

398

Cole, Jackson, 67–74.

399

Robert V. Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom, 1822–1832 (New York, 1981), 270, 272.

400

Horsman, Race, 202.

401

Remini, Jackson, 202, 218.

402

Belohlavek, Eagle, 225.

403

Quinton C. Lamar, «A Diplomatic Disaster: The Mexican Mission of Anthony Butler, 1829–1834», Americas 45 (July 1988), 1–18; Joe Gibson, «‘A. Butler: What a Scamp!’» Journal of the West 2 (1972), 235–47.

404

William H. Gilman et al., Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson (14 vols., Cambridge, Mass., 1960–78), 9:430–31.

405

Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (New York, 1987), 150; Stephen Pelz, «Changing International Systems, the World Balance of Power, and the United States, 1776–1976», Diplomatic History 12 (Winter 1988), 57–58.

406

William Earl Weeks, Building the Continental Empire: American Expansion from the Revolution to the Civil War (Chicago, 1996), 85.

407

Kinley J. Brauer, «The United States and British Imperial Expansion, 1815–1860», Diplomatic History 12 (Winter 1988), 36–37.

408

Цитируется по Larry Gara, The Presidency of Franklin Pierce (Lawrence, Kans., 1991), 129.

409

Цитируется по Robert W. Johannsen, To the Halls of the Montezumas: The Mexican War in the American Imagination (New York, 1987), 144–45.

410

Цитируется по Edwin T. Greninger, «Tennesseans Abroad in 1851–1852», Tennessee Historical Quarterly 49 (Summer 1990), 81–82. См. также Reginald C. Stuart, United States Expansionism and British North America (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1988), 148–66.

411

Gara, Pierce, 57–59.

412

Paul H. Bergeron, The Presidency of James K. Polk (Lawrence, Kans., 1987), 218–19.

413

Цитируется по Ralph Davis Jr., «Diplomatic Plumage: American Court Dress in the Early National Period», American Quarterly 20, no. 2 (1968), 175–79; Gara, Pierce, 58–59.

414

Norman E. Saul, Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763–1867 (Lawrence, Kans., 1991), 253.

415

Weeks, Continental Empire, 59–62.

416

Классическое исследование, интеллектуальная история, остается Albert K. Weinberg, Manifest Destiny: A Study of Nationalist Expansionism in American History (Baltimore, Md., 1935). Среди других крупных работ – Frederick Merk, Manifest Destiny and Mission in American History: A Reinterpretation (New York, 1966), Thomas R. Hietala, Manifest Design: Anxious Aggrandizement in Jacksonian America (Ithaca, N.Y., 1985), и Anders Stephanson, Manifest Destiny—American Expansion and the Empire of Right (New York, 1995).

417

Reginald Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 301.

418

Richard P. McCormick, The Second American Party System (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1966); Ronald P. Formisano, The Birth of Mass Political Parties, Michigan, 1827–1861 (Princeton, N.J., 1971); Michael F. Holt, Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the American Civil War (New York, 1999).

419

Michael A. Morrison, «Westward the Curse of Empire: Texas Annexation and the American Whig Party», Journal of the Early Republic 10 (Summer 1990), 226–29; Hietala, Manifest Design, 95–131, 196.

420

Morrison, «Westward», 230–33; Norma Lois Peterson, The Presidencies of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler (Lawrence, Kans., 1989), 138. См. также Major Wilson, Space, Time, and Freedom: The Quest for Nationality and the Irrepressible Conflict (Westport, Conn., 1974).

421

Edward P. Crapol, «The Foreign Policy of Anti-slavery, 1833–1846», in Lloyd C. Gardner, ed., Redefining the Past: Essays in Diplomatic History in Honor of William Appleman Williams (Corvallis, Ore., 1986), 88–102.

422

Hietala, Manifest Design, 30–32. О том, как рабовладельцы нагнетали страх, см. Edmund P. Gaines to Calhoun, May 5, 1844, in Clyde Wilson, ed., The Papers of John C. Calhoun, vol. 18 (Columbia, S.C., 1989), 440–44, Calhoun to Ana Maria Calhoun Clemson, May 16, 1844, ibid., 469, Calhoun to William King, August 12, 1844, ibid., vol. 19 (Columbia, S.C., 1990), 574–75, Robert M. Harrison to Calhoun, August 12, 1844, ibid., 634–36, и введение Уилсона в книгу там же, xiii-xviii.

423

Hietala, Manifest Design, passim.

424

Stuart, United States Expansionism, 85–99.

425

Там же, 126–47; Howard Jones and Donald A. Rakestraw, Prologue to Manifest Destiny: Anglo-American Relations in the 1840s (Wilmington, Del., 1997), 21–41; Scott Kaufman and John A. Soares Jr., «‘Sagacious Beyond Praise’? Winfield Scott and Anglo-American-Canadian Border Diplomacy, 1837–1860», Diplomatic History 30 (January 2006), 58–66.

426

Jones and Rakestraw, Prologue, 8–11, Kaufman and Soares, «Scott», 66–71.

427

Jones and Rakestraw, Prologue, 81–89.

428

Цитируется по ibid., 105.

429

Там же, 114.

430

Charles S. Campbell, From Revolution to Rapprochement: The United States and Great Britain, 1783–1900 (New York, 1974), 62; Stuart, United States Expansionism, 101–2; Jones and Rakestraw, Prologue, 149. Стандартное изложение – Howard Jones, To the Webster-Ashburton Treaty: A Study in Anglo-American Relations, 1783–1843 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1977). См. также Francis M. Carroll, A Good and Wise Measure; The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842 (Toronto, 2001).

431

Peterson, Harrison and Tyler, 136–37.

432

Calhoun to Pakenham, September 3, 1844, in Wilson, Calhoun Papers 19:705.

433

«Реаннексия» Техаса ошибочно предполагала, что Техас когда-то принадлежал Соединенным Штатам, но был небрежно растрачен по договору с Испанией в 1819 году.

434

Bergeron, Polk, 45; Hietala, Manifest Design, 249.

435

Jones and Rakestraw, Prologue, 235. Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1845 (New York, 2007), 715–22, утверждает, что Полк занял жесткую позицию в отношении Орегона, чтобы заручиться поддержкой северных демократов в вопросе жесткой позиции по отношению к Мексике.

436

Там же, 240.

437

Там же, 206.

438

Цитируется по David M. Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War (Columbia, Mo., 1973), 339.

439

Там же, 414.

440

Там же, 402–17; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 718–22.

441

Stuart, United States Expansionism, 104–5.

442

Hietala, Manifest Design, 193.

443

Robert Paquette, «The Everett-Del Monte Connection: A Study in the International Politics of Slavery», Diplomatic History 11 (Winter 1987), 1–22; Edmund P. Gaines to Calhoun, May 5, 1844, in Wilson, Calhoun Papers 18:440–441, and Calhoun to William King, August 12, 1844, ibid. 19:568, 578.

444

Morrison, «Westward the Curse», 235.

445

Crapol, «Anti-slavery», 84–87, 89–91.

446

Gadsden to Calhoun, May 3, 1844, in Wilson, Calhoun Papers 18:84–85.

447

Edward P. Crapol, «John Tyler and the Pursuit of National Destiny», Journal of the Early Republic 17 (Fall 1997), 476–79.

448

Peterson, Harrison and Tyler, 176–80, 256–58.

449

Enrique Krauze, Mexico, Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico (New York, 1997), 99–135, 142.

450

J. M. de Bocaneara to Ben Green, June 6, 15, 1844, in Wilson, Calhoun Papers 19:67, 79.

451

Bergeron, Polk, 58–63.

452

Peterson, Harrison and Tyler, 139.

453

Larkin to Calhoun, August 18, 1844, in Wilson, Calhoun Papers 19:606–7; Hietala, Manifest Design, 87.

454

Charles G. Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846 (New York, 1991), 420.

455

Gene M. Brack, Mexico Views Manifest Destiny, 1821–1846: An Essay on the Origins of the Mexican War (Albuquerque, N.M., 1975), 95.

456

Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny, 210; Hietala, Manifest Design, 156.

457

Цитируется по Hietala, Manifest Design, 154.

458

Основным «ревизионистским» исследованием является Glenn W. Price, Origins of the War with Mexico: The Polk-Stockton Intrigue (Austin, Tex., 1967).

459

Bergeron, Polk, 73–74.

460

Sellers, Market Revolution, 421.

461

Цитируется по Norman A. Graebner, «The Mexican War: A Study in Causation», Pacific Historical Review 49 (August 1980), 418.

462

Brack, Mexico Views, 82, 99. Недавно был проведен прекрасный анализ Timothy Henderson, A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States (New York, 2007).

463

Pletcher, Diplomacy of Annexation, 461.

464

Hietala, Manifest Design, 158.

465

Pletcher, Diplomacy of Annexation, 493.

466

Johannsen, Halls of the Montezumas, 32–33, 50, 171–73, 205; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 789–90, 797–98.

467

Johannsen, Halls of the Montezumas, 10, 12–13, 16, 25.

468

Graebner, «Mexican War», 405.

469

John H. Schroeder, Mr. Polk’s War: American Opposition and Dissent, 1846–1848 (Madison, Wisc., 1973), 99.

470

Там же, 72–73, 160–63; Johannsen, Halls of the Montezumas, 275–79.

471

Schroeder, Mr. Polk’s War, 143.

472

Robert A. Doughty et al., Warfare in the Western World (2 vols., Lexington, Mass., 1996), 1:321.

473

Hietala, Manifest Design, 163; Johannsen, Halls of the Montezumas, 299.

474

Цитируется по K. Jack Bauer, The Mexican War, 1846–1848 (New York, 1974), 399.

475

Krauze, Mexico, 143, 147–49; Johannsen, Halls of the Montezumas, 301.

476

Bergeron, Polk, 110.

477

Johannsen, Halls of the Montezumas, 5.

478

Sellers, Market Revolution, 425.

479

Цитируется по Kenneth E. Shewmaker, «Forging the’Great Chain’: Daniel Webster and the Origins of American Foreign Policy Toward East Asia and the Pacific, 1841–1852», Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 129 (September 1985), 250–51.

480

Walter LaFeber, The Clash: U.S.-Japanese Relations Throughout History (New York, 1997), 11.

481

Arthur Power Dudden, The American Pacific: From the Old China Trade to the Present (New York, 1992), 11–17; William Stanton, The Great United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 (Berkeley, Calif., 1975); Nathaniel Philbrick, Sea of Glory: America’s Voyage of Discovery, the U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838–1842 (New York, 2003).

482

Dudden, American Pacific, 56–57.

483

Shewmaker, «Great Chain», 231–33.

484

Там же, 239.

485

Там же, 239–43.

486

Ssu-Yu Teng and John K. Fairbank, China’s Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923 (New York, 1954), 17–19; Edwin O. Reischauer, The United States and Japan (rev. ed., New York, 1957), 5–11.

487

Murray A. Rubinstein, «The Wars They Wanted: American Missionaries’ Use of the Chinese Repository Before the Opium War», American Neptune 48 (Fall 1988), 277–82.

488

Kenneth E. Shewmaker, ed., The Papers of Daniel Webster: Diplomatic Papers (Hanover, N.H., 1983), 1:907–10; Webster to Caleb Cushing, May 8, 1843, ibid., 922–26.

489

Warren I. Cohen, America’s Response to China: An Interpretive History of Sino-American Relations (New York, 1974), 14.

490

Michael H. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New York, 1983), 26.

491

William M. Gabard, «John Eliot Ward: A Georgia Elitist in the Celestial Empire, 1858–1860», Studies in the Social Sciences 22 (June 1983), 56–60.

492

Hunt, Special Relationship, 35.

493

Earl Swisher, Chi na’s Management of the American Barbarians (New Haven, Conn., 1951), 46.

494

Jeffrey A. Keith, «‘An Entirely Peaceful Spirit of Conquest’: Commodore Matthew Galbraith Perry’s Cultural Diplomacy, 1852–1854» (M.A. thesis, University of Kentucky, 2006).

495

LaFeber, Clash, 18–23; Jack M. Hammersmith, Spoilsmen in a «Flowery Fairland»: The Development of the U.S. Legation in Japan, 1859–1906 (Kent, Ohio, 1998), 1–25.

496

Stuart, United States Expansionism, 96.

497

Elbert B. Smith, The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore (Lawrence, Kans., 1988), 18.

498

Gara, Pierce, 150.

499

Robert E. May, Manifest Destiny’s Underworld: Filibustering in Antebellum America (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2002), 1–116.

500

Gara, Pierce, 129–32, 147–48.

501

May, Filibustering, 117–248.

502

Цитируется по Joseph A. Fry, Dixie Looks Abroad: The South and U.S. Foreign Relations, 1789–1973 (Baton Rouge, La., 2002), 67. Also Jozsef Gellen, «The American Experiment and Reform-Age Hungary, 1828–1848», in Jacques Portes, ed., Europe and America: Criss-Crossing Perspectives, 1788–1848 (Paris, 1987), 131–48.

503

Smith, Taylor/Fillmore, 231.

504

Там же, 230–33.

505

Mark J. White, «The Case of the Yucatecan Request: American Foreign Policy at the Close of the Mexican War», Mid-America 72 (October 1990), 177, 184, 189.

506

Gara, Pierce, 147.

507

Cristobal Madam to William Preston, November 2, 1849, William Preston Papers, Special Collections, University of Kentucky Library, Box 46. Я благодарю доктора Рэндольфа Холлингсворта за то, что он обратил мое внимание на эти документы.

508

Gara, Pierce, 150–55; «The Ostend Manifesto», October 18, 1854, in Ruhl Bartlett, ed., The Record of American Diplomacy (New York, 1950), 240–42.

509

Preston to James Buchanan, May 8, 1859, Preston Papers, Box 46.

510

Цитируется по Thomas M. Leonard, Central America and the United States: The Search for Stability (Athens, Ga., 1991), 22.

511

Gara, Pierce, 145.

512

James M. Woods, «Expansionism as Diplomacy: The Career of Solon Borland in Central America, 1853–1854», Americas 40 (January 1984), 410–15.

513

Leonard, Central America, 22–30; John H. Coatsworth, Central America and the United States: The Clients and the Colossus (New York, 1994), 27–29.

514

Цитируется по Paul A. Varg, United States Foreign Relations, 1820–1860 (East Lansing, Mich., 1979), 230.

515

Elbert B. Smith, The Presidency of James Buchanan (Lawrence, Kans., 1975), 71.

516

Цитируется по ibid., 73.

517

Coatsworth, Central America, 27; Albert Z. Carr, The World and William Walker (New York, 1963).

518

Smith, Buchanan, 69–80.

519

Robert M. May, «Agents of Manifest Destiny», неопубликованная работа, находящаяся в распоряжении автора, и Manifest Destiny, 240, 246–47.

520

Weeks, Continental Empire, 163; Fry, Dixie, 72–74.

521

Robert E. May, ed., The Union, the Confederacy and the Atlantic Rim (Lafayette, Ind., 1995), 1–2.

522

James M. McPherson, «‘The Whole Family of Man’: Lincoln and the Last Best Hope Abroad», in ibid., 136–38.

523

Carl N. Degler, «One Among Many: The United States and National Unification», in Carl J. Guarneri, America Compared (New York, 1997), 335–52; David M. Potter, «Civil War», in C. Vann Woodward, ed., The Comparative Approach to American History (New York, 1968), 138–45.

524

Norman E. Saul, Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763–1867 (Lawrence, Kans., 1991), 329.

525

Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (New York, 1987), 187–93; D. P. Crook, Diplomacy During the American Civil War (New York, 1975), 21, 99, 107, 121, 155, 180–83.

526

Gary W. Gallagher, The Confederate War (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), 145.

527

Emory M. Thomas, The Confederate Nation, 1861–1865 (New York, 1979), 167–68.

528

Henry Blumenthal, «Confederate Diplomacy: Popular Notions and International Rivalries», Journal of Southern History 32 (May 1966), 153; Joseph A. Fry, Dixie Looks Abroad: The South and U.S. Foreign Relations, 1789–1973 (Baton Rouge, LA., 2002), 75–78.

529

Fry, Dixie, 76–77.

530

Howard Jones, Union in Peril: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1992), 7, 11, 88. On Seward, see also Gordon H. Warren, «William Henry Seward», in Frank J. Merli and Theodore A. Wilson, Makers of American Diplomacy: From Benjamin Franklin to Alfred Thayer Mahan (New York, U74), 195–219.

531

Хэй цитируется по Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York, 2005), 745. О Линкольне см. Howard Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War (Lincoln, Neb., 1999) и Jan Morris, Lincoln: A Foreigner’s Quest (New York, 2000).

532

Saul, Distant Friends, 166–237, 398–99; цитата взята изp. 201.

533

Там же, 312–25; the quotation is from p. 305.

534

Times of London, цитируется по McPherson, «Whole Family», 136. Авторитетным исследованием мнения британцев является R.J.M. Blackett, Divided Hearts: Britain and the American Civil War (Baton Rouge, La., 2001).

535

November 7, 1861.

536

Davis message to Second Provisional Congress, April 29, 1861, in James D. Richardson, ed., The Messages and Papers of Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy (2 vols., New York, 1966), 1:75.

537

Phillip S. Paludan, The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (Lawrence, Kans., 1994), 89–90.

538

Jones, Union in Peril, 50.

539

William Stanton, The Great United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 (Berkeley, Calif., 1975).

540

Geoffrey S. Smith, «Charles Wilkes and the Growth of American Naval Diplomacy», in Merli and Wilson, Makers of American Diplomacy, 152.

541

Jones, Union in Peril, 87.

542

Там же, 87.

543

Paludan, Lincoln, 93; Crook, Diplomacy, 57–60; Jones, Union in Peril, 98–99.

544

Crook, Diplomacy, 80; Richardson, Davis Messages 2:326, documents a case where it took five months to receive a dispatch from Paris.

545

R.M.T. Hunter to William L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, and A. Dudley Mann, August 24, 1861, in Richardson, Davis Messages 2:74.

546

Charles P. Roland, The Confederacy (Chicago, 1960), 102.

547

May, Union, Confederacy, 12; Roland, Confederacy, 103–6.

548

Saul, Distant Friends, 335–36.

549

Thomas, Confederate Nation, 188–89.

550

Там же, 177–79; R.J.M. Blackett, «Pressure from Without: African Americans, British Public Opinion, and Civil War Diplomacy», in May, Union, Confederacy, 80–90.

551

Blumenthal, «Confederate Diplomacy», 170.

552

Crook, Diplomacy, 72–73.

553

Dictionary of American Biography (26 vols., New York, 1934–61), 3:167.

554

Joseph A. Fry, Henry S. Sanford: Diplomacy and Business in Nineteenth-Century America (Reno, Nev., 1982), 35–65.

555

Saul, Distant Friends, 317–19.

556

Paludan, Lincoln, 88–89.

557

Thomas Schoonover, «Miscontrued Mission: Expansionism and Black Colonization in Mexico and Central America During the American Civil War», Pacific Historical Review 44 (November 1980), 607–20.

558

Crook, Diplomacy, 68–69.

559

Paludan, Lincoln, 133–34.

560

Цитируется по Jones, Lincoln, 87.

561

Blackett, Divided Hearts, 189.

562

Crook, Diplomacy, 93.

563

Jones, Union in Peril, 156.

564

Там же, 145, 150.

565

Там же, 128.

566

James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents of the United States (20 vols., Washington, 1897–1916), 8:3343–44.

567

Jones, Lincoln, 146.

568

Jones, Union in Peril, 193.

569

Crook, Diplomacy, 100.

570

Jones, Lincoln, 16, 56, 59, 70–71, 131–32, 163–66.

571

Crook, Diplomacy, 139–42.

572

Там же, 121–24, 144–46.

573

Saul, Distant Friends, 338, 351–52.

574

Там же, 399–52.

575

Crook, Diplomacy, 186.

576

McPherson, «Whole Family», 141–43; Jones, Lincoln, 154–57.

577

Smith, «Wilkes», 156.

578

Thomas, Confederate Nation, 182–83.

579

Crook, Diplomacy, 116.

580

Там же, 152.

581

Davis messages, December 7, 1863, and November 7, 1864, in Richardson, Davis Messages 1:356, 487.

582

Crook, Diplomacy, 9.

583

Morris, Lincoln, 198.

584

Charles S. Campbell, The Transformation of American Foreign Relations, 1865–1900 (New York, 1976), 20.

585

To Julia Grant Dent, April 21, 1865, in John Simon, ed., The Papers of U.S. Grant, vol. 14 (Carbondale, Ill., 1985), 428–29. My thanks to Charles Bracelen Flood for bringing this document to my attention.

586

Crook, Diplomacy, 178; Reginald C. Stuart, United States Expansionism and British North America, 1775–1871 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1988), 220.

587

Jones, Lincoln, 181–82.

588

Stephen J. Vallone, «‘Weakness Offers Temptation’: William H. Seward and the Reassertion of the Monroe Doctrine», Diplomatic History 19 (Fall 1995), 585.

589

Karl M. Schmitt, Mexico and the United States, 1821–1973: Conflict and Coexistence (New York, 1974), 86.

590

Albert Castel, The Presidency of Andrew Johnson (Lawrence, Kans., 1979), 39–42.

591

Там же; Grant to Johnson, June 19, 1965, July 15, 1865, in LeRoy P. Graf and Ralph W. Haskins, The Papers of Andrew Johnson, vol. 8 (Knoxville, Tenn., 1989), 257–58, 410.

592

Vallone, «Monroe Doctrine», 588.

593

Там же, 599.

594

Там же.

595

Stuart, United States Expansionism, xi, 216–17.

596

Jay Sexton, «The Funded Loan and the Alabama Claims», Diplomatic History 27 (September 2003), 449–78.

597

Stuart, United States Expansionism, 252.

598

См. Castel, Johnson for the former, Ernest N. Paolino, The Foundations of American Expansionism: William Henry Seward and U.S. Foreign Policy (Ithaca, N.Y., 1973) for the latter.

599

Walter LaFeber, The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansionism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1973), 25.

600

Annual message, December 3, 1867, in Graf and Haskins, Johnson Papers 13:304.

601

Castel, Johnson, 144–45; Warren, «Seward», 215.

602

Castel, Johnson, 205.

603

Saul, Distant Friends, 396.

604

Ronald J. Jensen, The Alaska Purchase and Russian-American Relations (Seattle, 1975), 8i–85, 94.

605

James B. Chapin, «Hamilton Fish and American Expansion», in Merli and Wilson, Makers of American Diplomacy, 225; Campbell, Transformation, 25, 50.

606

Chapin, «Fish», 245.

607

LaFeber, New Empire, 36–37.

608

Isthmian – перешек (англ.). Под термином «истмийский канал» подразумевался любой проект канала проложенного через центральноамериканский перешеек, – Прим. переводчика.

609

Louis Martinez-Fernandez, «Caudillos, Annexationism, and the Rivalry Between Empires in the Dominican Republic, 1844–1874», Diplomatic History 17 (Fall 1993), 595–96.

610

Lars Schoultz, Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Toward Latin America (Cambridge, Mass., 1998), 83.

611

Campbell, Transformation, 50–52; Martinez-Fernandez, «Caudillos», 592–97.

612

Jay Sexton, «The United States, the Cuban Rebellion, and the Multilateral Initiative of 1875», Diplomatic History 30 (June 2006), 339–48.

613

Там же, 353–65; Louis A. Perez, Cuba Between Empires, 1878–1902 (Pittsburgh, 1983), 62–64; LaFeber, New Empire, 37–38.

614

Campbell, Transformation, 72.

615

Barry Rigby, «The Origins of American Expansion in Hawaii and Samoa», International History Review 10 (May 1988), 222.

616

Campbell, Transformation, 67–68.

617

Rigby, «Hawaii and Samoa», 226.

618

Там же, 225–27.

619

Campbell, Transformation, 76.

620

Цитируется по Milton Plesur, America’s Outward Thrust: Approaches to Foreign Affairs, 1865–1890 (DeKalb, Ill., 1971), 176.

621

David Healy, U.S. Expansionism: The Imperialist Surge in the 1890s (Madison, Wisc., 1970), 13.

622

Nicholas Kristoff, «At This Rate We’ll Be Global in Another Hundred Years», New York Times, May 23, 1999.

623

James A. Field Jr., «American Imperialism: The Worst Chapter in Almost Any Book», American Historical Review 83 (June 1978), 661; David Paull Nickles, «Telegraph Diplomats: The United States’ Relations with France, 1848 and 1870», Technology and Culture 40 (January 1999), 1–25.

624

Joseph A. Fry, John Tyler Morgan and the Search for Southern Autonomy (Knoxville, Tenn., 1992), 74.

625

Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (New York, 1987), 176–77.

626

Healy, U.S. Expansionism, 11–13.

627

Allan R. Millett and Peter Maslowski, For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America (New York, 1984), 236–41.

628

Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy (New Haven, Conn., 1987), 55. Связь между равнинными индейцами и империализмом 1890-х годов подробно описана в Walter L. Williams, «United States Indian Policy and the Debate over Philippine Annexation: Implications for the Origins of American Imperialism», Journal of American History 66 (March 1980), 810–31.

629

Kennedy, Great Powers, 242–45.

630

Walter LaFeber, The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860–1898 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1963), 39–149; Joseph A. Fry, «Phases of Empire: Late Nineteenth Century U.S. Foreign Relations», in Charles W. Calhoun, ed., The Gilded Age: Essays on the Origins of Modern America (Wilmington, Del., 1996), 261–72.

631

Justus D. Doenecke, The Presidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur (Lawrence, Kans., 1981), 55.

632

Fry, «Phases of Empire», 283.

633

Inaugural Address, March 5, 1877, in James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents of the United States (20 vols., Washington, 1897–1916), 1O:4397.

634

Field, «Worst Chapter», 659.

635

Цитируется по Jeffrey J. Matthews, Alanson B. Houghton: Ambassador of the New Era (Wilmington, Del., 2004), 24; Manfred Putz, «Mark Twain and the Idea of American Superiority at the End of the Nineteenth Century», in Serge Ricard, ed., An American Empire: Expansionist Cultures and Politics (Aix-en-Provence, 1990), 215–35.

636

Plesur, Outward Thrust, 103–8.

637

William L. Neumann, America Encounters Japan: From Perry to MacArthur (New York, 1963), 72–86; Sayuri Guthrie-Shimizu, «For Love of the Game: Baseball in Early U.S.-Japanese Encounters and the Rise of a Transnational Sporting Fraternity», Diplomatic History 28 (November 2004), 637–62.

638

Plesur, Outward Thrust, 75–86; Michael H. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New York, 1983), 24–32, 154–65.

639

Цитируется по James T. Campbell, Surge of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1998), 88–99.

640

Tunde Andeleke, UnAfrican Americans: Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalists and the Civilizing Mission (Lexington, Ky., 1998), especially 111–39.

641

Jane Hunter, «Women Missionaries and Cultural Conquest», in Dennis Merrill and Thomas G. Paterson, Major Problems in American Foreign Relations, vol. 1, To 1920 (Boston, 2005), 383–92.

642

Shannon Smith, «From Relief to Revolution: American Women and the Russian-American Relationship, 1890–1917», Diplomatic History 19 (Fall 1995), 601–6.

643

Plesur, Outward Thrust, 14–22; Normal Saul, Concord and Conflict: The United States and Russia, 1867–1914 (Lawrence, Kans., 1996), 276–81; Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York, 1991), 50–57.