Текст книги "Реформация (ЛП)"

Автор книги: Уильям Дюрант

сообщить о нарушении

Текущая страница: 101 (всего у книги 104 страниц)

HUIZINGA, J., Waning of the Middle Ages, London, 1948.

HUME, MARTIN (P), Spain: Its Greatness and Decay, Cambridge, England, 1899.

HUME, MARTIN (P), The Spanish People, N. Y., 1911.

HUSIK, I. (J), History of Medieval Jewish Philosophy, N. Y., 1930.

HUSS, JOHN, De ecclesia, tr. Schaff, N. Y., 1915.

IBN BATUTA, M., Travels in Asia and Africa, tr. Gibb., N. Y., 1929.

IBN KHALDUN, ABD-AL-RAHMAN, Les prolegomènes, traduit en français par M. de Slane, 3v., Paris, 1934.

IBN KHALDUN: An Arab Philosophy of History, Selections from the Prolegomena by Chas. Issawi, London, 1950.

IGNATIUS LOYOLA, St., Autobiography, N. Y., 1900.

INGE, W. R. (P), Christian Mysticism, London, 1899.

JAMES, WM. (P), Varieties of Religious Experience, N. Y., 1935.

JAM’I, M. N., Salaman and Absol, tr. Edw. Fitzgerald, Boston, 1899.

JANELLE, PIERRE (C), The Catholic Reformation, Milwaukee, 1949.

JANSSEN, JOHANNES (C), History of the German People at the Close of the Middle Ages, 16v., St. Louis, Mo., n.d.

JOYCE, P. W. (C), Short History of Ireland, London, 1924.

JUSSERAND, J. J., English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages, London, 1891.

JUSSERAND, J. J., Literary History of the English People, 2v., N. Y., 1926.

KASTEIN, JOSEF (J), History and Destiny of the Jews, N. Y., 1934.

KAUTSKY, KARL (R), Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation, London, 1897.

KEMPIS, THOS. À. (C), The Imitation of Christ, N. Y., 1932.

KESTEN, HERMANN (R), Copernicus and His World, N. Y., 1945.

KITTREDGE, G. L., Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature, 2v., Harvard, 1896.

KLUCHEVSKY, V. O., History of Russia 3v., London, 1912.

KNOX, JOHN (P), History of the Reformation in Scotland, 2v., N. Y., 1950.

KNOX, JOHN (P), Works, ed. David Laing, 6v., Edinburgh, 1854 f.

LACROIX, PAUL, Arts of the Middle Ages, London, n.d.

LACROIX, PAUL, Historv of Postitution, 2v., N. Y., 1931.

LACROIX, PAUL, Manners, Customs, and Dress During the Middle Ages, N. Y., 1876.

LACROIX, PAUL, Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages, London, n.d.

LACROIX, PAUL, Science and Literature in the Middle Ages, London, n.d.

LA FARGUE, JOHN, Great Masters, N. Y., 1903.

LAMB, HAROLD, Tamerlane, N. Y., 1928.

LANE-POOLE, STANLEY, Cairo, London, 1895.

LANE-POOLE, STANLEY, Saladin, London, 1926.

LANE-POOLE, STANLEY, Story of the Moors in Spain, N. Y., 1889.

LANE-POOLE, STANLEY, Story of Turkey, N. Y., 1895.

LANG, ANDREW, Ballads and Lyrics of Old France, London, 1872.

LANG, ANDREW (R), History of Scotland, 4v., Edinburgh, 1902.

LANG, P. H., Music in Western Civilization, N. Y., 1941.

LANGLAND, WM., Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, Oxford, 1906.

LA TOUR, P. IMBERT DE (C), Les origines de la Reforme, 4v.:

I. La France moderne, Paris, 1905.

II. L’église catholique: La Crise et la Renaissance, Paris, 1909.

III. L’évangelisme, Paris, 1914.

IV. Calvin et l’institution chrétienne, Paris, 1935.

LEA, H. C. (P), Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy, Boston, 1884.

LEA, H. C. (P), History of Auricular Confession, 3v., Phila., 1896.

LEA, H. C. (P), History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages, 3v., N. Y., 1888.

LEA, H. C. (P), History of the Inquisition in Spain, 4v., N. Y., 1906.

LEA, H. C.(P), Studies in Church History, Phila., 1883.

LECKY, W. E. H. (R), History of European Morals, 2v., N. Y., 1926.

LECKY, W. E. H. (R), History of Rationalism, 2v., London, 1910.

LEDDERHOSE, C. F. (P), Life of Philip Melanchthon, Phila., 1855.

LEDNICKI, WACLAW, Life and Culture of Poland, N. Y., 1944.

LEES-MILNE, JAMES, The Tudor Renaissance, London, 1951.

LEONARDO DA VINCI, Notebooks, ed. Edward MacCurdy, 2v., N. Y., 1938.

LEWINSKI–CORWIN, E. H., Political History of Poland, N. Y., 1917.

LEWIS, D. B. WYNDHAM, François Villon, N. Y., 1928.

LINGARD, JOHN (C), History of England, 9v., London, 1855.

LIPPMANN, WALTER, The Public Philosophy, N. Y., 1955.

LOCY, W. A., Biology and Its Makers, N. Y., 1915.

LONGRIDGE, W. H., The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius Loyola, London, 1919.

LOUNSBURY, THOS., Studies in Chaucer, 3v., N. Y., 1892.

LUTHER, M., Table Talk, ed., Wm. Hazlitt, London, 1884. References are by item.

LUTHER, M., Werke, Weimar ed., 1883 f.; this is the edition usually referred to.

LUTHER, M., Werke, Erlangen ed., 1826 f.

LUTHER, M., Werke, Walch ed., St. Louis, Mo.

LUTHER, M., Works, 6v., Phila., 1943.

LÜTZOW, COUNT VON, Bohemia, Everyman’s Library.

MCCABE, JOS. (R), Candid History of the Jesuits, N. Y., 1913.

MCCABE, JOS. (R), Crises in the History of the Papacy, N. Y., 1916.

MACHIAVELLI, N. (R), Discourses, Modern Library.

MCKINNEY, H. D., and ANDERSON, W. R., Music in History, Cincinnati, 1940.

MADARIAGA, SALVADOR DE, Christopher Columbus, London, 1949.

MAITLAND, S. R. (P), Essays on the Reformation, London, 1849.

MALORY, SIR THOS., Le Morte d’Arthur, 2v. in 1, London, 1927.

MANTLE, BURNS, and GASSNER, JOHN, A Treasury of the Theater, N. Y., 1935.

MANTZIUS, KARL, History of Theatrical Art, 6v., London, 1903 f.

MARCUS, JACOB (J), The Jew in the Medieval World, Cincinnati, 1938.

MARGARET, QUEEN OF NAVARRE, Heptameron, London, n.d.

MARITAIN, JACQUES (C), Three Reformers: Luther – Descartes – Rousseau, London, 1950.

MARX, KARL, Capital, 2v., Chicago, 1919.

MATTINGLY, GARRET, Catherine of Aragon, London, 1942.

MAULDE LA CLAVIÈRE, R. DE, The Women of the Renaissance, N. Y., 1905.

MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE, Life and Adventures of Lazarillo de Tormes, London, 1881.

MERRIMAN, R. B., Suleiman the Magnificent, Harvard, 1944.

MICHELET, JULES (P), Histoire de France, 5v., Paris, n.d. References are by volume and page.

MICHELET, JULES (P), History of France, 2v., N. Y., 1880. References are by book and chapter.

MILMAN, H. H. (P), History of Latin Christianity, 8v., N. Y., 1860.

MONMARCHE, M., ed., Châteaux of the Loire, Paris, 1919.

MONTALEMBERT, COMTE DE (C), Monks of the West, 2v., Boston, n.d.

MONTESQUIEU, CHAS, DE, Spirit of Laws, N. Y., 1899.

MORE, SIR THOS., Utopia, Burt Library, N. Y., n.d.

MORISON, SAMUEL ELIOT, Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A Life of Christopher Columbus, Boston, 1942.

MOTLEY, J. L. (P), Rise of the Dutch Republic, 2v., N. Y., n.d.

MUIR, EDWIN (P), John Knox, London, 1920.

MÜLLER-LYER, F., Evolution of Modern Marriage, N. Y., 1930.

MÜNTZ, EUGÈNE, Leonardo da Vinci, 2v., London, 1898.

MURRAY, ROBT. H. (P), Erasmus and Luther, London, 1920.

NEKAM, LOUIS, The Cultural Aspirations of Hungary, Budapest, 1935.

NEWMAN, LOUIS I. (J), Jewish Influence on Christian Reform Movements, N. Y., 1925.

NOCK, A. J., and WILSON, C. R., Francis Rabelais, N. Y., 1929.

NOSEK, VLADIMIR, The Spirit of Bohemia, N. Y., 1927.

NOYES, ELLA, The Story of Ferrara, London, 1904.

NUSSBAUM, F. L., History of the Economic Institutions of Modern Europe, N. Y., 1937.

O’BRIEN, GEORGE (C), Essay on the Economic Effects of the Reformation, Westminster, Md., 1944.

OGG, FREDERIC, Source Book of Medieval History, N. Y., 1907.

OMAN, CHAS., The Great Revolt of 1381, Oxford, 1906.

OUSELEY, SIR GORE, Biographical Notices of Persian Poets, London, 1846.

OWEN, JOHN (P), Evenings with the Skeptics, 2V., London, 1881.

OWEN, JOHN (P), Skeptics of the French Renaissance, London, 1893.

OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC, 7v., Oxford, 1929 f.

PACHTER, H. M., Magic into Science: The Story of Paracelsus, N. Y., 1951.

PANOFSKY, ERWIN, Albrecht Dürer, 2v., Princeton, 1948.

PASTON LETTERS, 2V., Everyman’s Library.

PASTOR, LUDWIG (C), History of the Popes, 14v., St. Louis, 1898, and London, 1910 f.

PAULSEN, FRIEDRICH (P), German Education, N. Y., 1908.

PAUPHILET, ALBERT, ed., Jeux et sapience du Moyen Age, Paris, 1940.

PAUPHILET, ALBERT, ed., Poètes et romanciers du Moyen Age, Paris, 1943.

PAYNE, E. A. (P), The Anabaptists of the Sixteenth Century, London, 1949.

PENROSE, BOIES, Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, Harvard, 1952.

PERCY, THOS., Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, 2v., Everyman’s Library.

PERNOUD, REGINE, La poésie mediévale, Paris, 1947.

PIRENNE, H., Belgian Democracy, Manchester, England, 1915.

PIRENNE, H., Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe, N. Y., n.d.

PIRENNE, H., Histoire de Belgique, 4v., Bruxelles, 1909.

POKROVSKY, M. N., History of Russia, N. Y., 1931.

POLLARD, A. F. (P), Henry VIII, London, 1925.

POOLE, R. L., Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought and Learning, N. Y., 1920.

POOLE, R. L. (P), Wycliffe and Movements for Reform, London, 1909.

POPE, ARTHUR UPHAM, Catalogue of a Loan Collection of Early Oriental Carpets, Chicago, 1926.

POPE, ARTHUR UPHAM, Introduction to Persian Art, London, 1930.

POPE, ARTHUR UPHAM, Masterpieces of Persian Art, N. Y., 1945.

POPE, ARTHUR UPHAM, Survey of Persian Art, 8v., Oxford, 1938.

POST, C. R., History of Spanish Painting, 8v., Harvard, 1941.

POWER, EILEEN, Medieval People, Boston, 1924.

PRESCOTT, H. F. M. (C?), Mary Tudor.

PRESCOTT, WM. H. (P), History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic, 2v., Phila., 1890.

PUTNAM, GEO. H. (P), Books and Their Makers During the Middle Ages, 2v., N. Y., 1898.

PUTNAM, GEO. H. (P), The Censorship of the Church of Rome, 2v., N. Y., 1906.

RABELAIS, FR., Gargantua; Pantagruel; ed. Cluny, Paris, 1939.

RABELAIS, FR., Works, London, n.d.

RAMBAUD, AFLRED, History of Russia, 3v., Boston, 1879.

RANKE, LEOPOLD (P), History of the Popes, 3v., London, 1878.

RANKE, LEOPOLD (P), History of the Reformation in Germany. London, 1905.

RASHDALL, HASTINGS, Universities of Europe in the Middle Âges, 3v., Oxford 1936.

RÉAU, LOUIS, L’art russe, 2v., Paris, 1921.

REYNAUD, PAUL, Unite or Perish, N. Y., 1951.

RICHARD, ERNST (P), History of German Civilization, N. Y., 1911.

RICKARD, T. A., Man and Metals, 2v., N. Y., 1932.

RIEDL, FREDERICK, History of Hungarian Literature, N. Y., 1906.

ROBERTSON, J. M.(R), Short History of Freethought 2v., London, 1914.

ROBERTSON, WM. (P), History of the Reign of Charles V, 2v., London, 1878.

ROBINSON, D. S., Anthology of Modern Philosophy, N. Y., 1931.

ROBINSON, J. H., Readings in European History, Boston, 1906.

ROCKER, RUDOLF (R), Nationalism and Culture, Los Angeles, 1937.

ROEDER, RALPH, Catherine de’ Medici and the Lost Revolution, N. Y., 1937.

ROGERS, JAS. E. T., Economic Interpretation of History, London, 1891.

ROGERS, JAS. E. T., Six Centuries of Work and Wages, N. Y., 1890.

ROPER, WM., Life of Sir Thomas More, in More, Utopia, N. Y., n.d.

ROSCOE, WM. (P), Life and Pontificate of Leo X, 2v., London, 1853.

ROSEN, EDWARD, ed., Three Copernican Treatises, N. Y., 1939.

ROTH, CECIL (J), History of the Marranos, Phila., 1941.

ROTH, CECIL (J), The Jewish Contribution to Civilization, Oxford, 1945.

RUSSELL, BERTRAND (R), History of Western Philosophy, N. Y., 1945.

SALADIN, H., and MIGEON, G., Manuel d’art musulman, 2v., Paris, 1907.

SALZMAN, L. F., English Industries of the Middle Ages, Oxford, 1923.

SANGER, WM., History of Prostitution, N. Y., 1910.

SANTOS Y OLIVERA, D., Guia de la cathedral de Sevilla, Madrid, 1930.

SARTON, GEORGE, Introduction to the History of Science, 3v. in 5, Baltimore, 1930 f.

SAUNDERS, J. B., and O’MALLEY, CHAS., The Illustrations from the Works of Andreas Vesalius, Cleveland, Ohio, 1950.

SCHAFF, PHILIP (P), History of the Christian Church:

The German Reformation, 2v., Edinburgh, 1888; pagination continuous.

The Swiss Reformation, 2v., Edinburgh, 1893; pagination continuous.

SCHAPIRO, J. SALWYN (J), Social Reform and the Reformation, N. Y., 1909.

SCHEVILL, FERDINAND, History of the Balkan Peninsula, N. Y., 1922.

SCHOENFELD, HERMANN, Women of the Teutonic Nations, Phila., 1908.

SCHOENHOF, J., History of Money and Prices, N. Y., 1896.

SCHULTZ, ALWIN, Deutsches Leben in XIV and XV Jahrhundert, 2v., Vienna, 1892.

SCHUSTER, M. LINCOLN, ed., Treasury of the World’s Great Letters, N. Y., 1940.

SCOTT, WM. B., Albert Dürer, London, 1869.

SEDGWICK, HENRY D., Ignatius Loyola, N. Y., 1923.

SEEBOHM, FREDERIC (P), The Oxford Reformers, London, 1869.

SELLERY, G. C., The Renaissance, Madison, Wis., 1950.

SHAKESPEARE, Plays.

SICHEL, EDITH (P), Catherine de’ Medici and the French Reformation, London, 1905.

SICHEL, EDITH, Michel de Montaigne N. Y., 1911.

SICHEL, EDITH, Women and Men of the French Renaissance, London, 1903.

SIGERIST, H. E., The Great Doctors, N. Y., 1933.

SINGER, CHAS., ed., Studies in the History and Method of Science, 2V., Oxford, 1917 f.

SISMONDI, J. C. L., History of the Italian Republics, ed. WM. Boulting, London, n.d.

SMITH, PRESERVED (R), The Age of the Reformation, N. Y., 1920.

SMITH, PRESERVED (R), Erasmus, N. Y., 1923.

SMITH, PRESERVED (R), History of Modern Culture, 2v., N. Y., 1930.

SMITHSON, R. J. (P), The Anabaptists, London, 1935.

SOMBART, WERNER, The Jews and Modern Capitalism, Glencoe, Ill., 1951.

SPECULUM: A Journal of Medieval Studies, Cambridge, Mass.

SPENCE, LEWIS, Cornelius Agrippa, in Waite, Three Famous Alchemists.

STANGE, ALFRED, German Painting, XIV–XVI Centuries, N. Y., 1950.

STIRLING-MAXWELL, SIR WM., Annals of the Artists of Spain, 4v., London, 1891.

STRAUSS, D. F. (P), Ulrich von Hutten, London, 1874.

STRIEDER, JACOB, Jacob Fugger, N. Y., 1931.

STUBBS, WM., Constitutional History of England, 3v., Oxford, 1903.

SWINBURNE, A. C., Poems, Phila., n.d.

SYKES, SIR PERCY, History of Persia, 2v., London, 1921.

SYMONDS, J. A. (P), The Catholic Reaction, 2v., London, 1914.

TAINE, HENRI, Italy: Rome and Naples, N. Y., 1889.

TAINE, HENRI, Lectures on Art, N. Y., 1884.

TAWNEY, R. H. (P), Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, N. Y., 1926.

TAYLOR, RACHEL, Leonardo the Florentine, N. Y., 1927.

THATCHER, O. J., and MACNEAL, E., Source Book for Medieval History, N. Y., 1905.

THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologica, 22v., London, 1920.

THOMPSON, JAS. W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, N. Y., 1931.

THORNDIKE, LYNN, History of Magic and Experimental Science, 4v., N. Y., 1929.

THORNDIKE, LYNN, Science and Thought in the Fifteenth Century, N. Y., 1929.

TICKNOR, GEORGE, History of Spanish Literature, 3v., N. Y., 1854.

TILLEY, ARTHUR, Studies in the French Renaissance, Cambridge, England, 1922.

TIMUR (?), Autobiography, tr. Stewart, London, 1830.

TORNAY, STEPHEN C., Ockham: Studies and Sketches, La Salle, Ill., 1938.

TOYNBEE, ARNOLD J., A Study of History, lov., 1935–54.

TRAILL, H. D., Social England, 6v., N. Y., 1902.

TRATTNER, ERNEST R., Architects of Ideas, N. Y., 1938.

TREND, J. B., The Civilization of Spain, Oxford, 1952.

TREVELYAN, GEO. M. (P), England in the Age of Wycliffe, London, 1925.

TREVELYAN, GEO. M. (P), English Social History, London, 1947.

TROYES, JEAN DE, Chronique scandaleuse, or Secret History of Louis XI, in Comines, Memoirs, Vol. II.

TURNER, E. S., History of Courting, N. Y., 1955.

UEBERWEG, F. (P), History of Philosophy, 2v., N. Y., 1871.

USHER, ABBOT P., History of Mechanical Inventions, N. Y., 1929.

VACANDARD, E. (C), The Inquisition, N. Y., 1908.

VAMBÉRY, ARMINIUS, The Story of Hungary, N. Y., 1894.

VASARI, G., Lives of the Painters, etc., Everyman’s Library, 3v.

VASILIEV, A. A., History of the Byzantine Empire, 2V., Madison, Wis., 1929.

VERNADSKY, GEO., History of Russia, Yale U. P., 1929.

VERNADSKY, GEO., Kievan Russia, Yale U. P., 1948.

VILLARI, PASQUALE, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, N. Y., 1896.

VILLARI, PASQUALE, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, 2v., N. Y., n.d.

VILLON, FR., Poems, tr. John Payne, Modern Library.

VILLON, FR., Poems in Pauphilet, Poètes et romanciers du Moyen Age.

VOLTAIRE, F. M. A. DE (R), Selected Works, tr. Jos. McCabe, London, 1911.

VOLTAIRE, F. M. A. DE (R), Works, 22v., N. Y., 1901.

WALISZEWSKI, K., Ivan the Terrible, Phila., 1904.

WALKER, WILLISTON (P), John Calvin, N. Y., 1906.

WALPOLE, HORACE, Letters, 8v., London, 1880.

WALSH, J. J. (C), The Popes and Science, N. Y., 1913.

WALSH, J. J. (C), The Thirteenth, Greatest of Centuries, N. Y., 1920.

WARD, W. H., Architecture of the Renaissance in France, 2V., London, n.d.

WATSON, FOSTER, Luis Vives, El Gran Valenciano, Oxford, 1922.

WATSON, PAUL B., The Swedish Revolution under Gustavus Vasa, Boston, 1889.

WAXMAN, MEYER (J), History of Jewish Literature, 2v., N. Y., 1930.

WEBER, SIR HERMANN, On Means for the Prolongation of Life, London, 1914.

WEBER, MAX, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, London, 1948.

WHITCOMB, MERRICK, Literary Source-Book of the German Renaissance, Phila., 1899.

WHITE, ANDREW D. (P), History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, 2v., N. Y., 1929.

WILKINS, C. A. (P), Spanish Protestants in the Sixteenth Century, ed. Rachel Challice, London, 1897.

WOLTMANN, ALFRED, Holbein and His Times, London, 1872.

WRIGHT, THOS., ed., The Book of the Knight of La Tour-Landry, London, 1868.

WRIGHT, THOS., History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England During the Middle Ages, London, 1862.

WRIGHT, THOS., The Home of Other Days, London, 1871.

WRIGHT, THOS., Womankind in Western Europe, London, 1869.

WYCLIFFE, JOHN, English Works, ed. F. D. Matthew, London, 1880.

Примечания

NOTES ON THE USE OF THIS BOOK

1. Coulton, Chaucer, 62.

2. Michelet, x, 3.

3. Müntz, Leonardo da Vinci, I, 22.

CHAPTER I

1. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, I, 205.

2. Pastor, History of the Popes, I, 71, 66.

3. Ibid.

4. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, 226; Cambridge Medieval History, VIII, 623.

5. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, III–I, 1034.

6. Pastor, I, 91.

7. Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics, 328.

8. Gierke, Political Theories of the Middle Ages, 52, 59; Hearnshaw, Medieval Contributions to Modern Civilization, 67.

9. Emerton, The Defensor Pacis of Marsiglio of Padua, 70–2.

10. Milman, History of Latin Christianity, VII, 328–31.

11. Ogg, Source Book of Medieval History, 391.

12. Creighton, History of the Papacy during the Reformation, I, 297; Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 8n.

13. Pastor, I, 241.

14. Pastor, III, 269.

15. Ibid., 324.

16. For a candid Catholic summary of ecclesiastical abuses c. 1500 cf. Janelle, The Catholic Reformation, Chapters I–III.

17. Cambridge Modern History, I, 388.

18. Montalembert, The Monks of the West, I, 81.

19. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, 45.

20. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, I, 465.

21. Beard, Chas., Martin Luther and the Reformation, 42.

22. Machiavelli, Discourses, iii, 1.

23. Robertson, History of the Reign of Charles V, I, 402.

24. Hayes, Political and Social History of Modern Europe, I, 126.

25. La Tour, Les origines de la Reforme, I, 361.

26. Cf. Pastor, V, 361–2.

27. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 670.

28. Ibid.

29. Ibid.

30. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, II, 411.

31. Erasmus, Mar. 5, 1518, in Epistles, III, 287

32. Pastor, VIII, 124.

33. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 670.

34. Ibid., 659.

35. Smith, Preserved, History of Modern Culture, I, 19.

36. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 674.

37. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, I, 410 f.; II, 429.

38. Ibid., 400.

39. Erasmus, Epistle 94 in Froude, Life and Letters of Erasmus, 352.

40. Blok, History of the People of the Netherlands, II, 299.

41. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, IV, 354.

42. Coulton, Five Centuries, II, 399.

43. Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain, I. 427.

44. Coulton, Five Centuries, 1,410.

45. La Tour, Les origines, II, 297 f.

46. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 150, 160.

47. Ibid., 177.

48. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 95 f.

49. Lea, Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy, 429–32; Kautsky, Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation, 268.

50. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 672.

51. Pastor, V, 457 f.

52. Lea, Inquisition in Spain I, 394.

53. Ibid., 402.

54. Ibid.

55. 406.

56. 407.

57. Gascoigne, Seven Rivers of Babylon, in Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 203.

58. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 277; Beard, Luther, 299.

59. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 74.

60. Ibid., 179.

61. 343 f.

62. Pastor, VII, 338, 340.

63. Ranke, History of the Reformation in Germany, 153.

64. Camb. Mod. Hy, 660.

65. Pastor, VII, 305.

66. Coulton, The Black Death, 114.

67. Erasmus, Militis Christiani enchiridion, in Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 429.

68. Lea, ibid.

69. Coulton, Five Centuries, I, 410.

CHAPTER II

1. Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, II, 331.

2. Headlam, Story of Nuremberg, 164.

3. Coulton, Chaucer and His England, 173.

4. Froissart, Chronicles, I, 77, 89.

5. Froissart, Everyman ed., 124.

6. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 28.

7. Stubbs, III, 385.

8. Power, Medieval People, 78.

9. Ibid., 68.

10. Green, Mrs. J. R., Town Life in the Fifteenth Century, I, 351 f.

11. Rogers, Economic Interpretation of History, 75.

12. Cheyney, Dawn of a New Era, 186.

13. Poole, R. L., Wycliffe and Movements for Reform, 88; Id., Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought, 254.

14. Wyclif, De civili dominio, i, 30, in Poole, Wycliffe, 89.

15. Poole, Illustrations, 264.

16. Poole, Wycliffe, 65.

17. Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 489.

18. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 499.

19. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 82.

20. Wyclif, «On the Pope,» in English Works, 477.

21. Wyclif, «Of Prelates,» in English Works, 80–1.

22. Ibid., 81.

23. Ibid., 100.

24. 143–63.

25. 96–104.

26. Wyclif, «Of Prelates,» v, 66; vi, 68.

27. «On the Popes,» iii.

28. De officio pastorali in English Works, 457.

29. I John, ii, 18.

30. Rev., xi, 7.

31. Janssen, History of the German People, IV, 119.

32. Wyclif, «On Dominion» (English), i.

33. English Works, 47–57.

34. «On Dominion,» iv; De officio pastorali.

35. English Works, 469–70.

36. «On Dominion,» ii, in Poole, Illustrations, 261.

37. English Works, 452.

38. Ibid., 328

39. 330–1.

40. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 173.

41. English Works, 465.

42. Ibid., 227–9.

43. 276 f.

44. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 685.

45. Poole, Wycliffe, no; Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 316.

46. Coulton, Black Death, 68; Medieval Panorama, 89.

47. Mrs. Green, Town Life, I, 54.

48. Stubbs, III, 617–8.

49. Mrs. Green, I, 141.

50. Abram, A., English Life and Manners, 191.

51. Lounsbury, Studies in Chaucer, I, 14.

52. Abram, 191–3.

53. Coulton, Black Death, 96; Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 442.

54. Coulton, Social Life, 350.

55. Ashley, Introd. to English Economic History and Theory, II, 333.

56. Poole, Wycliffe, 106.

57. Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381, 42.

58. Ibid., 51.

59. Froissart, ii, 73.

60. Ibid.

61. Oman, 38–43.

62. Speculum, Jan., 1940, 25.

63. Oman, 68–77.

64. Ibid., 84.

65. Stubbs, II, 428 f.

66. Chambers, Medieval Stage, II, 185.

67. Langland, Vision of William…. concerning Piers the Plowman, i, 73 f.

68. Ibid., i, 68–99, 144–94; vi, 169 f.; xiii, 4 f.

69. Jusserand, Literary History of the English People, 401.

70. Coulton, Chaucer, 30.

71. Lounsbury, I, 74; Coulton, Chaucer, 54.

72. Ibid., 36.

73. Lounsbury, II, 228.

74. Chaucer, Troilus, i, 463.

75. Ibid., iii, 1373 f.

76. The Nun’s Priest’s Tale, 413 f.

77. Legend of Good Women, 1–9.

78. Knight’s Tale, 444 f.

79. Coulton, Chaucer, 60.

80. Lounsbury, I, 87.

81. Shakespeare, Richard II, iii, 3.

82. Holinshed, iii, 507.

CHAPTER III

1. Pirenne, Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe, 187, 207; Ashley, II, 101; Salzman, English Industries of the Middle Ages, 337.

2. Coulton, The Medieval Village, 126; Boissonade, Life and Work in Medieval Europe, 310.

3. Pirenne, op. cit., 198.

4. Milman, VII, 65–6; Thompson, Economic History… of Later Middle Ages, 53.

5. Michelet, History of France, bk. vi, ch. 1.

6. Campbell, Life and Times of Petrarch, XXV.

7. Guizot, History of France, I, 616 f.

8. Encyc. Brit., XIX, 880b.

9. Froissart, i, 115.

10. Ibid., 127–8.

11. Sarton, III-i, 38.

12. Hammerton, Universal History of the World, VI, 3394.

13. Froissart, i, 151.

14. Boissonade, 284.

15. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, II, 65.

16. Sarton, III-2, 1653.

17. Castiglioni, History of Medicine, 359.

18. Coulton, Black Death, 68.

19. Sarton, III-2, 1654.

20. Thompson, Economic History, 383.

21. Michelet, vi, 3.

22. Froissart, i, 178.

23. Carlyle, R. W., History of Medieval Political Theory, VI, 213.

24. Clapman and Power, Cambridge Economic Hy of Europe, 559.

25. Froissart, I, 181, 183.

26. Michelet, vi, 3.

27. Michelet, vii, 1.

28. Guizot, History of France, II, 245.

29. Boissonade, 330.

30. Nussbaum, History of the Economic Institutions of Modern Europe, 108.

31. Boissonade, 315.

32. Wright, Book of the Knight of La Tour-Landry, ch. 2.

33. Michelet, xi, I.

34. En. Br., IV, 857b.

35. Huizinga, Waning of the Middle Ages, 144–7.

36. Lacroix, History of Prostitution, I, 793.

37. Ibid., II, 1114.

38. Sanger, History of Prostitution, 106.

39. Huizinga, Waning, 145.

40. Ibid., 97.

41. Lacroix, Prostitution, I, 911.

42. Huizinga, 103, 108.

43. Le menagier de Paris, in Power, Medieval People, 85.

44. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, III, 152.

45. Huizinga, 133,

46. Ibid., 21, 175.

47. Thompson, Economic History, 105.

48. Huizinga, 140.

49. Speculum, April, 1940, 148.

50. Friedländer, Roman Life and Manners, III, 196.

51. France, A., Joan of Arc, II, 254.

52. In Jusserand, English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages, 400.

53. Froissart, Everyman ed., 368, 292, 1.

54. In Pernoud, La poésie médiévale, 80.

55. In Faguet, Literary History of France, 147. Margaret came to France in 1436; there is no trace of Chartier after 1434.

56. In Pauphilet, Poètes et romanciers du moyen age, 774.

57. Tr. in Lang, Ballads and Lyrics of Old France.

58. In Faguet, 151.

59. In Pauphilet, 792.

60. Michelet, x, 3.

61. Ibid.; France, Joan of Arc, I, 25.

62. Trial process in Michelet, x, 3.

63. Ibid.; France, Joan of Arc, 139&

64. Michelet, i.e.

65. Ibid.

66. France, Joan, II, 250.

67. Ibid., I, xlvii.

68. Michelet, xi, I.

69. Ibid., xi, 2; D’Orliac, The Lady of Beauty, 17–35.

CHAPTER IV

1. Guizot, History of France, II, 407,

2. Ibid.; Hare, Life of Louis X/, 69.

3. Comines, Memoirs, i, 10,

4. Ibid., ii, 1; Hare, 241.

5. Hare, 204.

6. Comines, vi, 2.

7. Ibid., iv, 10.

8. Ibid., vi, 7, 11; Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 296.

9. Troyes, Chronique scandaleuse, in Comines, II, 379, 395.

10. Comines, vi, 12.

11. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 116.

12. Ferrara, The Borgia Pope, 184; Beuf, Cesare Borgia, 42; Michelet, Histoire de France, III, i, 1.

13. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1117,

14. Batiffol, Century of the Renaissance, 22.

15. Guizot, France, II, 627.

16. Michelet, iii, 109.

17. Ward, Architecture of the Renaissance in France, II, 16–17.

18. Boyd, French Renaissance, 9.

19. Cf. the handsome reissue of Les heures d’Anne de Bretagne, Editions Verve, Paris, 1946.

20. Addison, J. D., Arts and Crafts in the Middle Ages, 265.

21. Comines, v, 18.

22. Ibid., iii, 8–9; ii, 6.

23. Mantzius, History of Theatrical Art, II, 134.

24. Pauphilet, Jeux et sapience du moyen age, 332.

25. Villon, Ballade de la grosse Margot; Lewis, François Villon, 6, 301.

26. Villon, Le petit testaptent, xxiii, xxxi, x.

27. Tr. by John Payne. Ruskin’s version, less agreeable as a whole, rendered better the final line: «But where are the snows of yester-year?»

28. Villon, Poems, tr. John Payne, 128.

29. Ibid., 189.

30. Ibid., 191.

31. Tr. by Swinburne, Poems, 265–6.

32. In Lewis, 209.

CHAPTER V

1. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 375n.

2. Holinshed, iii, 541.

3. Walsingham in Stubbs, III, 79.

4. Michelet, ix, 3.

5. Comines, ii, 12.

6. Ibid., vi, 2.

7. Holinshed, iii, 712; cf. Shakespeare, 5 Henry VI, iii, 2; Richard III, i, 1.

8. Bacon, Works, VI, 240.

9. Coulton, Medieval Village, 136.

10. More, Utopia, 175.

11. Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 321.

12. Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages, 73; Schoenhof, History of Money and Prices, 311–2.

13. From Sir E. Dudley, Tree of the Commonwealth (1509), in Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 354.

14. Green, J. R., Short History of the English People, II, 568; Mrs. Green, Town Life, II, 70.

15. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 441–2.

16. Ibid.

17. Holinshed, iii, 632.

18. Ibid., 636.

19. Coulton, Social Life, 37.

20. Lounsbury, II, 346; Wright, Homes of Other Days, 429.

21. Paston Letters, I, 70.

22. Holinshed, iii, 508.

23. Cf. Percy’s Reliques, II, 88 f.

24. Salzman, 230.

25. Mrs. Green, Town Life, I, 212–5; Coulton, Chaucer, 200.

26. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 365.

27. In Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 304.

28. Sarton, III-i, 158.

29. Wright, Homes, 379.

30. Hammerton, Universal History, VI, 3443.

31. Hearnshaw, Social and Political Ideas of… the Renaissance and the Reformation, 75.

32. Chaucer, Parson’s Tale, lines 415–30.

33. Stubbs, III, 288.

34. Hearnshaw, op. cit., 82.

35. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 126.

36. Id., Black Death, 112.

37. Catholic Encyclopedia, X, 334; Sarton III-2, 1046; Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 179, 317, 321, 327.

38. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 490,

39. Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 334.

40. Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV, Epilogue.

41. Cath. Encyc., X, 335.

42. Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 347–9.

43. In Sellery, Renaissance, 207.

44. Jusserand, English Wayfaring, 192.

45. Mantle, Burns, and Gassner, A Treasury of the Theater, 1345.

46. Putnam, G. H., Books and Their Makers during the Middle Ages, II, 104.

47. Kittredge, G. L., Harvard Studies….in Philology and Literature, II, 87 f.

48. Malory, Morte d’Arthur, iii, 15.

49. Ibid., x, 5.

50. Paston Letters, I, 81.

51. Gasquet, Eve of the Reformation, 220.

52. Einstein, Lewis, Italian Renaissance in England, 36.

53. Ibid., 38.

54. Smith, P., Erasmus, 95–6.

55. Seebohm, The Oxford Reformers, 70–1, 74–6, 110.

CHAPTER VI

1. Blok, History… of the Netherlands, II, 289.

2. Pirenne, Histoire de Belgique, II, 471; Michelet, x, 4; Blok, II, 289.

3. Pirenne, Histoire, II, 471.

4. Huizinga, 289.

5. Ibid., 203.

6. Hastings’ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 843a.

7. Janssen, History of the German People, I, 88.

8. Kempis, Thomas à, Imitation of Christ, i, 1, 3, 10, 22, 9, 20.

9. In Michelet, xii, 2.

10. Baldass, Jan van Eyck, 273.

11. Cheney, World History of Art, 623.

12. Conway, The Van Eycks and Their Followers, 141.

13. Comines, Memoirs, v, 9; Freeman, E. A., Historical Essays, 338.

14. Comines, ii, 3–4; Michelet, xv, 2–4.

15. Conway, 185.

16. Ibid., 194.

17. Baedeker, Belgique et Hollande, 129.

18. Baldass, Memling, 148.

19. Isaiah, xl, 6.

CHAPTER VII

1. Boissonade, 285.

2. Rickard, Man and Metals, II, 525.

3. Boissonade, 325.

4. Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 736 f.

5. Beard, Miriam, History of the Business Man, 63.

6. Headlam, Nuremberg, 32.

7. Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 402.