Текст книги "На исходе дня. История ночи"

Автор книги: А. Роджер Экерч

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9. Katherine M. Rogers, ed., Selected Poems of Anne Finch, Countess ofWinchilsea (New York, 1979), 157.

10. Paroimiographia (French), 28; Richard L. Kagan and Abigail Dyer, eds. and trans., Inquisitorial Inquiries: Brief Lives of Secret Jews and Other Heretics (Baltimore, 2004), 97.

11. Joyce M. Ellis, The Georgian Town, 1680–1840 (New York, 2001), 74; Jütte, Poverty, 52–59,146–149; Olwen H. Hufton, The Poor of Eighteenth-Century France, 1750–1789 (Oxford, 1974).

12. An Effectual Scheme for the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies, and Suppressing All Other Disorders of the Night… (London, 1731), 33; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 271; Solomon Stoddard, Three Sermons Lately Preach’d at Boston… (Boston, 1717), 104; Arthur Friedman, ed., Collected Works of Oliver Goldsmith (Oxford, 1966), 431.

13. Susan Brigden, "Youth and the English Reformation," PP 95 (1982), 38,44; Griffiths, Youth, 36, passim; Gary Cross, A Social History of Leisure Since 1600 (State College, Pa., 1990), 15.

14. Nicetas: or, Temptations to Sin… (Boston, 1705), 35; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 243, 278; June 5, 1713, Diary of Cotton Mather (New York, [1957?]), I, 216; William Devenant, The Works… (London, 1673).

15. David Garrioch, The Making of Revolutionary Paris (Berkeley, Calif., 2002), 36; Tim Meldrum, Domestic Service and Gender, 1660–1750: Life and Work in the London Household (Harlow, Eng., 2000), 34–67, 92—110; Bridget Hill, Servants: English Domestics in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1996), 101, 105–106; Griffiths, Youth, 314–321; Anne Kussmaul, Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1981); Cissie Fairchilds, Domestic Enemies: Servants & Their Masters in Old Regime France (Baltimore, 1984); Richard S. Dunn, "Servants and Slaves: The Recruitment and Employment of Labor," in Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds., Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore, 1984), 157–194; Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1998).

16. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, ed., Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England (Boston, 1854), V, 62; Aug. 27, 1705, Cowper, Diary; SAS, XIV, 397.

17. Hillary Beckles, Black Rebellion in Barbados: The Struggle Against Slavery, 1627–1838 (Bridgetown, Barbados, 1987), 70; David A. Copeland, Colonial American Newspapers: Character and Content (Newark, Del., 1997), 134; Sarah McCulloh Lemmon, ed., The Pettigrew Papers (Raleigh, N. C, 1971), I, 398; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 524–526, passim.

18. Weinsberg, Diary, IV, 11; PG, Aug. 2,1750; Peter H. Wood, Black Majority; Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York, 1974), 257.

19. Tim Harris, "Perceptions of the Crowd in Later Stuart London," in J. F. Merrirt, ed., Imagining Early Modem London: Perceptions and Portrayals of the City from Stow to Strype, 1598–1720 (Cambridge, 2001), 251; George P. Rawick, ed., The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography (Westport, Ct., 1972), XV, 365; Samuel Phillips, Advice to a Child… (Boston, 1729), 49, passim.

20. Feb. 3,1772, Carter, Diary, II, 648; James Lackington, Memoirs of the First Forty-Five Years… (London, 1792), 35; Edward Ward, The Rambling Rakes, or, London Libertines (London, 1700), 9; Meldrum, Domestic Service, 168–169.

21. Piero Camporesi, The Land of Hunger (Cambridge, Mass., 1996), 132; Louis Châtellier, The Religion of the Poor: Rural Missions in Europe and the Formation of Modern Catholicism, c. 1500–1800, trans. Brian Pearce (Cambridge, 1997), 171; Guy Chapman, ed., The Travel-Diaries of William Beckford ofFonthill (Cambridge, 1928), II, 54; "An Inhabitant of Bloomsbury," PA, Aug. 8,1770; Bronislaw Geremek, Poverty: A History (Oxford, 1994), 215; Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 108.

22. John Bruce, ed., Diary of John Manningham… (1868; rpt. edn., New York, 1968), 83; The Vocal Miscellany: A Collection of Above Four Hundred Celebrated Songs… (London, 1734), 120.

23. Willie Lee Rose, ed., A Documentary History of Slavery in North America (New York, 1976), 19; J. F. D. Smyth, A Tour in the United States of America (London, 1784), I, 46; Roger D. Abrahams, Singing the Master: The Emergence of African American Culture in the Plantation South (New York, 1982), 5; Mark M. Smith, "Time, Slavery and Plantation Capitalism in the Ante-Bellum American South," PP150 (1996), 160.

24. Lottin, Chavatte, 141; Pieter Spierenburg, "Knife Fighting and Popular Codes of Honor in Early Modem Amsterdam," in Pieter Spierenburg, ed., Men and Violence: Gender, Honor, and Rituals in Modem Europe and America (Columbus, Ohio, 1998), 108; Ann Tlusty, "The Devil's Altar: The Tavern and Society in Early Modem Augsburg (Germany)" (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of Maryland, 1994), 184; OBP, Sept. 11, 1735, 110; The Countryman's Guide to London or, Villainy Detected… (London, 1775), 78; Thomas Brennan, Public Drinking and Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century Paris (Princeton, N. J., 1988), 282–283, passim; Merry E. Wiesner, Working Women in Renaissance Germany (New Brunswick, N. J., 1986), 133–134; Daniel Roche, The People of Paris: An Essay in Popular Culture in the 18th Century, trans. Marie Evans (Leamington Spa, Eng., 1987), 255; Feb. 3,1772, Carter, Diary, II, 649.

25. Hardy, The Life and Death of the Mayor of Casterbridge: A Story of a Man of Character (New York, 1984), 307.

26. Erskine Beveridge, comp., and J. D. Westwood, ed., Fergusson's Scottish Proverbs… (Edinburgh, 1924), 39; Legg, Low-Life, 21; Bargellini, "Vita Notturna," 83; F. Platter, Journal, 89–90; Fernando de Rojas, The Celestina: A Novel in Dialogue, trans. Lesley Byrd Simpson (Berkeley, Calif., 1971), 81; Ernest A Gray, ed., The Diary of a Surgeon in the Year 1751–1752 (New York, 1937), 74–75; WJ, Mar. 20,1725.

27. Laura Gowing, "'The Freedom of the Streets': Women and Social Space, 1560–1640," in Mark S. R Jenner and Paul Griffiths, eds., Londinopolis: Essays in the Cultural and Social History of Early Modem London (Manchester, 2000), 143; Linda A. Pollock, "Parent-Child Relations," in FLEMT, 215–217; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 196; Jane Brewerton, Feb. 29,1760, Assi 45/26/4/6.

28. Jan. 23, 1574, J. H. Van Eeghen, Ed., Dagboek Van Broeder Wouter Jacobsz (Gualtherus Jacobi Masius Prior Van Stein: Amsterdam, 1572–1578, En Montfoort, 1578–1579, Gronningen, Neth., 1959), 359.

29. Thomas Dekker, The Seven Deadly Sinnes of London, ed. H. F. B. Brett-Smith (New York, 1922), 41; Nicolas-Edme Restif de la Bretonne, Les Nuits de Paris or the Nocturnal Spectator (New York, 1964), 68; Select Trials, II, 11; Legg, Low-Life, 100; Wilson, English Proverbs, 542; OED, s. v. "flitting."

30. Dekker, Writings, 230; Richard Head, The Canting Academy; or Villanies Discovered… (London, 1674), 37, 40; Roger B. Manning, Village Revolts: Social Protest and Popular Disturbances in England, 1509–1640 (Oxford, 1988), 173; Gilbert Slater, The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common Fields (1907; rpt. edn., New York, 1968), 119–120; Hugh Evans, The Gorse Glen, trans. E. Morgan Humphreys (Liverpool, 1948), 70.

31. Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England (New York, 1987), 159; Alan Taylor, "The Early Republic's Supernatural Economy: Treasure Seeking in the American Northeast, 1780–1830," American Quarterly 38 (1986), 6—34 (Я благодарю Алана Тэйлора за предоставление мне копии своей статьи); William W. Hagen, Ordinary Prussians: Brandenburg, Junkers and Villagers, 1500–1840 (Cambridge, 2002), 479; W. R. Jones, "'Hill-Diggers' and 'Hell-Raisers': Treasure Hunting and the Supernatural in Old and New England," in Peter Benes, ed., Wonders of the Invisible World: 1600–1900 (Boston, 1995), 97—106. См. также: Benjamin Franklin, Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (New York, 1987), 113–115.

32. PA, Jan. 3,1786; Rose, ed., Slavery, 460; Malcolm Letts, "Johannes Butzbach, a Wandering Scholar of the Fifteenth Century," English Historical Review 32 (1917), 31; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 506–523; H. C. Erik Midelfort, "Were There Really Witches," in Robert M. Kingdon, ed., Transition and Revolution: Problems and Issues of European Renaissance and Reformation History (Minneapolis, 1974), 198–199; David Thomas König, Law and Society in Puritan Massachusetts: Essex County, 1629–1692 (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1979), 145–179, passim.

33. Karlsen, Shape of a Woman, 140; SWP, II, 413; NHTR, II, 130–131.

34. Pinkerton, Travels, III, 316; Carmina Medii Aevi (Torino, 1961), 35; Jütte, Poverty, 152–153. См. также: Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal… (London, 1788), II, 113.

35. June 2,1663, Pepys, Diary, IV, 171, Beattie, Crime, 173–175. См. также: Best, Books, 35.

36. Domestic Management, or the Art of Conducting a Family; with Instructions to Servants in General (London, 1740), 59; Pinkerton, Trawls, III, 316; Mar. 22,1770, Carter, Diary, I, 372; John Greaves Nail, ed., Etymological and Comparative Glossary of the Dialect of East Anglia (London, 1866), 521; William Hector, ed., Selections from the Judicial Records of Renfrewshire… (Paisley, Scot., 1876), 203–204.

37. Newton D. Mereness, ed., Travels in the American Colonies, 1690–1783 (New York, 1916), 592, 606–607; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington (Washington, D.C., 1939), XXXII, 264; Richard Parkinson, The Experienced Farmer's Tour in America (London, 1805), 446–447; James M. Rosenheim, ed., The Notebook of Robert Doughty, 1662–1665 (Norfolk, 1989), 39; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, passim.

38. Manning, Village Revolts, 296, 284–305, passim; Rachel N. Klein, "Ordering the Backcountry: The South Carolina Regulation," WMQ, 3rd Ser., 38 (1981), 671–672.

39. Robert Bell, Early Ballads… (London, 1889), 436–437; David Davies, The Case of Labourers in Husbandry… (Dublin, 1796), 77; Spike Mays, Reuben's Corner (London, 1969), 197; Frank McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England (London, 1989), 172–197. См. также: Walker's Hibernian Magazine, April 1792,296.

40. LEP, Oct. 5,1738; Arthur Walter Slater, ed., Autobiographical Memoir of Joseph Jewell, 1763–1846 (London, 1964), 134; Cal Winslow, "Sussex Smugglers," in Douglas Hay et al, eds., Albion's Fatal Tret. Crime and Society in Eighteenth-Century England (New York, 1975), 119–166; Hufton, Poor of Eighteenth-Century France, 284–305.

41. Defoe, Tour, 1,123; OED, s. v. "owler"; McLynn, Crime and Punishment, 177; Burton E. Stevenson, The Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases (New York, 1948), 1623; Eric Partridge, ed., A Dictionary of the Underworld… (New York, 1950), 449; Dec. 13,1794, Woodforde, Diary, IV, 160, passim; Slater, ed., Jewell Memoir, 135; "Extract of a Letter from Orford" LC, March 23,1782; John Kelso Hunter, The Retrospect of an Artist's Life: Memorials of West Countrymen and Manners of the Past Half Century (Kilmarnock, Scot., 1912), 42.

42. T. J. A. Le Goff and D. M. G. Sutherland "The Revolution and the Rural Community in Eighteenth-Century Brittany," PP 62 (1974), 100; Jütte, Poverty, 153–156. В отличие от контрабанды, разграбление кораблей, потерпевших крушение, жителями побережья не было исключительно ночным видом преступления. Несмотря на изредка звучавшие голословные обвинения в том, что на берегу зажигались фальшивые сигнальные огни, приведшие к кораблекрушению, свидетельств этому крайне мало. В основном мародеры грабили суда, как только могли до них добраться, вне зависимости от того, какое было время суток. См.: "An Act for Enforcing the Laws Against Persons Who Shall Steal or Detain Shipwrecked Goods…," 26 George II c. 19; W. H. Porter, A Penman’s Story (London, 1965), 129; John G. Rule, "Wrecking and Coastal Plunder," in Hay et al., eds., Albion's Fatal Tree, 180–181.

43. Tobias Smollett, Travels through France and Italy (Oxford, 1979), 215; Cannon, Diary, 183; OBP, Sept. 18, 1752, 244; Richard Jefferson, Oct. 16, 1734, Assi 45/20/1/9; D. R Hainsworth, Stewards, Lords, and People: The Estate Steward and His World in Later Stuart England (Cambridge, 1992), 208–209; Jim Bullock, Bowers Row: Recollections of a Mining Village (Wakefield Eng., 1976), 163; Douglas Hay, "Poaching and the Game Laws on Canock Chase," in Hay et al., eds., Albion's Fatal Tree, 201–202; Manning, Village Revolts, 293; Douglas Hay "War, Dearth and Theft in the Eighteenth Century: The Record of the English Courts," PP 95 (1982), 117–160. Как сказал E. П. Томпсон, «тот же человек, который снимает шляпу перед сквайром днем и кто мог бы остаться в истории как образец почтительности, ночью может убивать его овец, ловить в капканы его фазанов и отравлять его псов». (Customs in Common: Studies in Traditional Popular Culture [New York, 1991], 66.)

44. Robert M. Isherwood, Farce and Fantasy: Popular Entertainment in Eighteenth-Century Paris (New York, 1986), 208; Roger Thompson, Unfit for Modest Ears: A Study of Pornographic, Obscene and Bawdy Works Written or Published in England in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century (Totowa, N. J., 1979), 59; Alexander Hamilton, Gentleman's Progress: The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton, 1744, ed. Carl Bridenbaugh (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1948), 46; "T.S.C.P.," PA, Nov. 13, 1767; Kathryn Norberg, "Prostitutes," in HWW III, 459–474.

45. Helen Langdon, Caravaggio: A Life (New York, 1999), 144; Ferrante Pallavicino, The Whores Rhetorick… (London, 1683), 144; OBP, passim; Norberg, "Prostitutes," 462, 472–474.

46. OBP, Dec. 7—12, 1743, 13, Dec. 9—11, 1747, 15; J. M. Beattie, "The Criminality of Women in Eighteenth-Century England" JSH 8 (1975), 90.

47. Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 759; Frederique Pitou, "Jeunesse et Desordre Social: Les 'Coureurs de Nuit' à Laval au XVIIIe Siècle," Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine 47 (2000), 69; Ferdinando Bottarelli, The New Italian, English and French Pocket-Dictionary… (London, 1795), I; S. A. H. Bume, ed., The Staffordshire Quarter Sessions Rolls, 1581—[1606] (Kendall, Eng., 1940), V, 238; PA, July 30,1762; Davenant, Works; The Acts and Resolves, Public and Private, of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (Boston, 1881), III, 647; Daniel Fabre, "Families: Privacy versus Custom," in HPL III, 546–561.

48. Schindler, Rebellion, 210; Matthiessen, Natten, 137; Rudolf Braun, Industrialization and Everyday Life, trans. Sarah Hanbury Tension (Cambridge, 1990), 84; Minutes of the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia, 1704–1776 (Philadelphia, 1847), 405; J. R. Ward, "A Planter and His Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica," in T. C. Smout, ed., The Search for Wealth and Stability: Essays in Economic and Social History Presented to M. W. Flinn (London, 1979), 19.

49. HMM and GA, Mar. 10, 1752; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 760; Pitou, "Coureurs de Nuit," 72, 82–84; Elisabeth Crouzet-Pavan, "Potere Politico e Spazio Sociale," in Mario Sbriccoli, ed., La Notte: Ordine, Sicurezza e Disciplinamcnto in Età Moderna (Florence, 1991), 61; Maurice Andrieux, Daily Life in Venice in the Time of Casanova, trans. Mary Fitton (London, 1972), 29; Elizabeth S. Cohen, "Honor and Gender in the Streets of Early Rome," JIH 22 (1992), 597–625; Matthiessen, Natten, 129; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 258–260; Auguste Philippe Herlaut, "L'Éclairage des Rues à Paris à la Fin du XVIIe Siècle et au XVIIIe Siècle," Mémoire de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France 43 (1916), 221–222,226.

50. Iona Opie and Moira Tätern, eds., A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford, 1989), 142; Washington Irving, History, Tales and Sketches, ed. James W. Tuttleton (New York, 1983), 1071–1072; Darryl Ogier, "Night Revels and Werewolfery in Calvinist Guernsey," Folklore 109 (1998), 56–57; Lavater, Spirites, 21–22; A. Voisin, "Notes sur la Vie Urbaine au XV Siècle: Dijon la Nuit," Annales de Bourgogne 9 (1937), 271.

51. D. M. Ogier, Reformation and Society in Guernsey (Rochester, N. Y., 1996), 137; Apr. 30, 1673, Isham, Diary, 207; Pavan, "Nuit Vénitienne," 345; Muchembled, Violence, 124.

52. Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 275; Evelyn, Diary, И, 472; Mar. 25,1668, Pepys, Diary, IX, 133.

53. Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 373; Hannah Miurk [?], Feb. 28,1677, Suffolk Court Files № 1549, Suffolk County Court House, Boston; Janekovick-Römer, "Dubrovniks," 103; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 755; Jacques Rossiaud, "Prostitution, Youth, and Society," in Robert Forster and Orest Ranum, eds., Deviants and the Abandoned in French Society: Selections from the Annales Economics, Sociétés, Civilisations, trans. Elborg Forster and Patricia Ranum (Baltimore, 1978), 12–13; Aug. 16,1624, Beck, Diary, 152; T. Platter, Journal, 249; George Huppert, After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe (Bloomington, Ind., 1986), 38.

54. Fabre, "Families," 547; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 261; Dec. 26, 1718, Lewis, Diary; James R. Farr, Hands of Honor: Artisans and Their World in Dijon, 1550–1650 (Ithaca, N. Y., 1988), 211; Muchembled, Violence, 124; Pitou, "Coureurs de Nuit," 73–74. См. также: Nov. 20, 1680, Heywood, Diary, 1,276.

55. Eli Faber, "The Evil That Men Do: Crime and Transgression in Colonial Massachusetts" (Ph. D. diss., Columbia Univ., 1974), 168; VG, Aug. 28,1752; Boston Gazette, Jan. 8,1754; Sept. 6,1774, The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell (New York, 1924), 35; NYWJ, May 22,1738; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 394–398.

56. James C. Scott, "Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance," in James C. Scott and Benedict J. Kerkvliet, eds., Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance in South-east Asia (London, 1986), 6. Эго не значит, что празднование Масленичного карнавала не приводило порой к непредвиденным беспорядкам, особенно после наступления ночи. См.: Davis, Society and Culture, 103–104, 117–119, 122–123; Mikhail Baktin, Rabelais and His World, trans. Helene Iswoldky (Cambridge, Mass., 1968).

57. M. Dorothy George, London Life in the XVIIIth Century (London, 1925), 280; Joe Thompson, The Life and Adventures… (London, 1788), 1,93; "Advice to Apprentices," Walker's Hibernian Magazine (1791), 151; Awnsham Churchill, comp., A Collection of Voyages and Travels… (London, 1746), VI, 542; Philip D. Morgan, "Black Life in Eighteenth-Century Charleston," Perspectives in American History, New Ser., 1 (1984), 324–325; Fabre, "Families," 550, 548.

58. Pitou, "Coureurs de Nuit," 88; A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Selectmen's Minutes from 1764 to 1768 (Boston, 1889), 100; OED, s. V. "scour"; Bume, ed., Staffordshire Quarter Sessions, V, 238. См. также: Matthiessen, Natten, 137–139; "John Blunt," G and NDA, Oct. 31,1765.

59. George, London Life, 400, n. 101; OBP, Sept. 7,1737,187,190.

60. Defoe, Tour, I, 123; Robert Semple, Observations on a Journey through Spain and Italy to Naples… (London, 1807), II, 218.

61. F. G. Emmison, Elizabethan Life: Disorder (Chelmsford, Eng., 1970), 245; Ann Kussmaul, ed., The Autobiography of Joseph Mayett of Quainton (1783–1839) (London, 1979), 14–15.

62. V. S. Naipaul, The Loss of El Dorado: A History (London, 1969), 251–257; Davis, Society and Culture, 97—123; Bernard Capp, "English Youth Groups and 'The Pinder of Wakefield/" PP 76 (1977), 128–129; Giffiths, Youth, 169–175; Janekovick-Römer, "Dubrovniks," 110; liana Krausman Ben-Amos, Adolescence and Youth in Early Modern England (New Haven, 1994), 176–177. Касательно концепции «налагающихся друг на друга субкультур» см.: Bob Scribner, "Is a History of Popular Culture Possible?" History of European Ideas 10 (1989), 184–185; David Underdown, "Regional Cultures? Local Variations in Popular Culture during the Early Modern Period," in Tim Harris, ed., Popular Culture in England, c. 1500–1800 (New York, 1995), 29.

63. Jütte, Poverty, 180–185; Schindler, Rebellion, 275; The Honour of London Apprentices: Exemplified, in a Brief Historicall Narration (London, 1647); Richard Mowery Andrews, Law, Magistracy, and Crime in Old Regime Paris, 1735–1789 (Cambridge, 1994), 521–535; "A Constant Correspondent," PA, Apr. 22, 1763; Dekker, Writings, 187–191; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 248–249; A L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England, 1560–1640 (London, 1985), 125–126.

64. Tornano, Proverbi Italiani, 34; Robert W. Malcolmson, Popular Recreations in English Society, 1700–1850 (Cambridge, 1973), 75.

65. Marston, The Malcontent, ed. M. L. Wine (Lincoln, Neb., 1964), 64.

66. Griffiths, Youth, 151–152; Davis, Society and Culture, 104–123; Fabre, "Families," 533–556, passim; Thompson, Customs in Common, 467–533; Burke, Popular Culture, 199–201.

67. Fabre, "Families," 555–566; The Libertine's Choice… (London, 1704), 14–15; F. Platter, Journal, 172; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 252–253; Giffiths, Youth, 397.

68. American Weekly Mercury (Philadelphia), Oct. 21, 1736; John Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics at the Accession of George III (Cambridge, 1976), 186–188; Stanley H. Palmer, Police and Protest in England and Ireland, 1780–1850 (Cambridge, 1988), 129–130.

69. Jean Delumeau, Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, I3th-18th Centuries, trans. Eric Nicholson (New York, 1990), 128; Muchembled, Violence, 241; Malcolmson, Recreations, 60–61, 75–76, 81–84; Burke, Popular Culture, 190, 201–203.

70. Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 229–230; Henry Fielding, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers and Related Writings, ed. Malvin R. Zirker (Middletown, Ct., 1988), 81; Stephen Duck, Poems on Several Occasions (London, 1736), 27.

71. Parkinson, Farmer's Tour, 440; G and NDA, Sept. 15,1767; Paul S. Seaver, "Declining Status in an Aspiring Age: The Problem of the Gentle Apprentice in Seventeenth-Century London," in Bonnelyn Young Kunze and Dwight D. Bräutigam, eds., Court, Country and Culture: Essays on Early Modern British History in Honor of Perez Zagorin (Rochester, N. Y, 1992), 139–140; Dekker, Writings, 173.

72. Oct. 13,1703, May 20, 21, 1704, Jan. 27,1707, Cowper, Diary; Oct. 15,1780, Nov. 25, 1782, Woodforde, Diary, I, 293, II, 45; Carter, Diary, I, 359; Henry Wakefield, Aug. 4, 1729, Assi 45/18/7/1; Eric Robinson, ed., John Clare's Autobiographical Writings (Oxford, 1983), 62.

73. Robinson, ed., Clare's Autobiographical Writings, 167; OBP, Oct. 16,1723, 7; May 24, 1711, Cowper, Diary; Marybeth Carlson, "Domestic Service in a Changing City Economy; Rotterdam, 1680–1780" (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of Wisconsin, 1993), 132; Fairchilds, Domestic Enemies, 209; Patricia S. Seleski, "The Women of the Laboring Poor: Love, Work and Poverty in London, 1750–1820" (Ph. D. diss., Stanford Univ., 1989), 89.

74. Jan. 24, 1770, Carter, Diary, I, 348; Fitzpatrick, ed., Washington Writings, XXXII, 246, XXXIII, 369, 444; Gladys-Marie Fry, Night Riders in Black Folk History (Knoxville, Term., 1975), 60–73; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 524–526.

75. Griffiths, Youth, 78; Manning, Village Revolts, 72–73, 97, 197, 207; Mihoko Suzuki, "The London Apprentice Riots of the 1590s and the Fiction of Thomas Deloney," Criticism 38 (19 %), 181–182; Matthiessen, Natten, 139; Thomas Willard Robisheaux, Rural Society and the Search for Order in Early Modem Germany (Cambridge, 1989), 119; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 759; Martina Orosovâ, "Bratislavski Zobräci V 18. Storoci," Slovenska Archivistika 34 (1999), 95; Faber, "Evil That Men Do," 169–171; William M. Wiecek, "The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America," WMQ, 3rd Ser., 34 (1977), 272; Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625–1742 (Oxford, 1971), 219.

76. WJ, Apr. 20, 1723; Life of Michael Martin, Who Was Executed for Highway Robbery, December 20, 1821 (Boston, 1821), 6–7; Keith Lindley, Fenland Riots and the English Revolution (London, 1982), passim; Manning, Village Revolts, 217–218; G and NDA, Aug. 24, Sept. 9, 13, 1769; J. R. Dinwiddy, "The 'Black Lamp' in Yorkshire, 1801–1802," PP 64 (1974), 118–119; Assi 45/25/2/30; Whitehall Evening-Post (London), Aug. 3, 1749; Andrew Barrett and Christopher Harrison, eds., Crime and Punishment in England: A Sourcebook (London, 1999), 169–170.

77. E. P. Thompson, "The Crime of Anonymity," in Hay et al., eds., Albion's Fatal Tree, 278; Thomas D. Morris, Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619–1860 (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1996), 330–332; Bob Scribner, "The Mordbrenner Fear," in Richard J. Evans, ed., The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History (London, 1988), 29–56; Penny Roberts, "Arson, Conspiracy and Rumor in Early Modem Europe," Continuity and Change 12 (1997), 9—29; André Abbiateci, "Arsonists in Eighteenth-Century France: An Essay in the Typology of Crime," in Forster and Ranum, eds., Deviants and the Abandoned, trans. Forster and Ranum, 157–179; Bernard Capp, "Arson, Threats of Arson, and Incivility in Early Modem England," in Peter Burke et al., eds., Civil Histories: Essays Presented to Sir Keith Thomas (Oxford, 2000), 199–200.

78. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 309; Kenneth Scott, "The Slave Insurrection in New York," New York Historical Quarterly 45 (1961), 43–74; Rose, ed., Slavery, 99—101,104, 109–113; Michael Craton, Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies (Ithaca, N. Y., 1982), passim; Wood, Black Majority, 308–326; James Sidbury, Ploughshares into Swords: Race, Rebellion, and Identity in Gabriel's Virginia, 1730–1810 (New York, 1997); David Barry Gaspar, Bondmen & Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Antigua (Baltimore, 1985), 222; Elsa V. Goveia, Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands at the End of the Eighteenth Century (Westport, Ct., 1980), 184; Beckles, Black Rebellion, passim; Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Baton Rouge, 1992), 354–355.

79. Lindley, Fenland Riots, 179; E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (New York, 1964), 559, 565; Gaspar, Bondmen & Rebels, 246–247; Craton, Testing the Chains, 122–123; Scott, "Slave Insurrection in New York," 47; James S. Donnelly Jr., "The Whiteboy Movement, 1761–1765," Irish Historical Studies 21 (1978), 23; Peter Sahlins, Forest Rites The War of the Demoiselles in Nineteenth-Century France (Cambridge, Mass., 1994), 42–47.

ЧАСТЬ ЧЕТВЕРТАЯ

Прелюдия

1. Geoffrey Keynes, ed., The Works of Sir Thomas Browne (London, 1931), III, 230.

2. Alastair Fowler, ed., The New Oxford Book of Seventeenth Century Verse (Oxford, 1991), 416; Stanley Coren, Sleep Thieves: An Eye-Opening Exploration into the Science and Mysteries of Sleep (New York, 1996), 9; "Почему пещерный человек спал? (Не только потому, что уставал)," Psychology Today 16 (March 1982), 30; Burton E. Stevenson, ed., The Home Book of Proverbs, Maxims and Familiar Phrases (New York, 1948), 1685; Carol M. Worthman and Melissa K. Melby, "Toward a Comparative Ecology of Human Sleep," in Mary A. Carskadon, ed., Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social and Psychological Influences (Cambridge, 2002), 102–103.

3. Thomas Cogan, The Haven of Health (London, 1588), 233; [Joseph Hall], The Discovery of a New World (Amsterdam, 1969), 219–244.

4. The Adventurer, Mar. 20, 1753, 229; Craig Tomlinson, "G. C. Lichtenberg: Dreams, Jokes, and the Unconscious in Eighteenth-Century Germany," Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40 (1992), 781. Кроме Френсиса Бэкона, написавшего историю сна, самым пылким сторонником первостепенной важности исторического исследования был Джордж Стайнер. Изучение сна, доказывал Стайнер, «столь же, если не более, необходимо для нашей способности быстро усвоить развитие нравов и восприимчивости, как история костюма, еды, заботы о детях, психической и физической немощи, которую историки и historiens des mentalités [историки ментальностей] наконец стали доводить до нашего сведения» (No Passion Spent: Essays 1978–1996 [London, 1996], 211–212). Совсем недавно Даниэль Рош упрашивал: «Давайте помечтаем о социальной истории сна» (Consumption, 182). Исторические доклады о сновидениях включают в себя: Peter Burke, "L'Histoire Sociale des Rêves," Annales Economics, Sociétés, Civilisations 28 (1973), 329–342; Richard L. Kagan, Lucrecia’s Dreams: Politics and Prophecy in Sixteenth-Century Spain (Berkeley, Calif., 1990); Steven F. Kruger, Dreaming in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1992); Carole Susan Fungaroli, "Landscapes of Life: Dreams in Eighteenth-Century British Fiction and Contemporary Dream Theory" (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of Virginia., 1994); S. R. F. Price, "The Future of Dreams: From Freud to Artemidorous," PP 113 (1986), 3—37; Manfred Weidhom, Dreams in Seventeenth-Century English Literature (The Hague, 1970); David Shulman and Guy G. Stroumsa, eds. Dream Cultures: Explorations in the Comparative History of Dreaming (New York, 1999); Mechal Sobel, Teach Me Dreams: The Search for Self in the Revolutionary Era (Princeton, N. J., 2000). О том, как менялось отношение человека ко сну на протяжении веков, от древности до XX века, см. в книге: Jaume Rosselló Mir et al., "Una Aproximacion Historica al Estudio Cientifico de Sueno: El Periodo Intuitivo el Pre-Cientifico," Revista de Historia de la Psicologia 12 (1991), 133–142. Краткое исследование о сне в Средние века см. в: Verdon, Night, 203–217. Обзор основных медицинских текстов об отношении ко сну у людей раннего Нового времени см. в работе: Karl Н. Dannenfeldt, «Sleep: Theory and Practice in the Late Renaissance,» Journal of the History of Medicine 41 (1986), 415–441. Совсем недавно Филлип Мартин проанализировал отношение ко сну католических авторов XVIII столетия. «Corps en Repos ou Corps en Danger? Le Sommeil dans les Livres de Piété (Seconde Moi tré du X Ville Siècle),» Revue d’Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 80 (2000), 255.

5. Wodrow, Analecta: or, Materials for a History of Remarkable Providences…, ed. Matthew Leishman (Edinburgh, 1843), III, 496; James Miller, The Universal Passion (London, 1737), 46.