Текст книги "На исходе дня. История ночи"

Автор книги: А. Роджер Экерч

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64. Barber, "Traveller," 42; Crusius, Node, ch. 3.12; Shakespeare, Hamlet, 1, 2, 198; The RapeofLucrece, 113–119.

65. OBP, Oct. 12,1737, 205; M. D'Archenholz, A Picture of England… (London, 1789), II, 79; Ménétra, Journal, 195–196.

66. SWP, I, 99; Shakespeare, Hamlet, 1, 1, 143; Bourne, Antiquitatecs Vulgares, 38; Alan Gailey, "The Bonfire in North Irish Tradition," Folklore 88 (1977), 18; Crusius, Node, ch. 3.36.

67. William Howitt, The Boy's Country Book (London, n.d), 196; Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 87, 84, passim; Francis Grose, A Provincial Glossary (1787; rpt. edn., Menston, Eng., 1968), 3, 2. См. также: James Dawson Bum, The Autobiography of a Beggar Boy, ed. David Vincent (London, 1978), 67; Bartholomäus Sastrow et al., Social Germany in Luther's Time: Being the Memoirs of Bartholomew Sastrow, trans. H. A. L. Fisher (Westminster, Eng., 1902), 291.

68. Lynn Doyle, An Ulster Childhood (London, 1926), 61; Charles Jackson, ed., The Diary of Abraham De la Pryme, the Yorkshire Antiquary (Durham, Eng., 1870), 39. См. также: Life and Struggles of William Lovett… (London, 1876), 11.

69. OBP, Jan. 16–20, 1752, 48; Matthiessen, Natten, 63; Oct. 27, 1771, Basil Cozens-Hardy, ed., The Diary ofSylos Neville, 1767–1788 (London, 1950), 132; Richard Cobb, Paris and its Provinces, 1792–1802 (New York, 1975), 45; Paul Zumthor, Daily Life in Rembrandt's Holland (New York, 1963), 249; James Lackington, Memoirs of the First Forty-Five Years… (London, 1792), 34.

70. June 23, 1745, Lewis, Diary, 184; "Journal of P. Oliver, 1776–1810," Egerton Mss. 2672,1, fo. 68, BL; Diary of John Leake, 1713, Rawlinson Mss., D. 428, fo. 37, Bodl.; F. Platter, Journal, 36.

71. Taillepied, Ghosts, 78; Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 294; Early Prose and Poetical Works of John Taylor the Water Poet (1580–1653) (London, 1888), 156; Letters from Minorca… (Dublin, 1782), 213; Matthiessen, Natten, 24.

72. Clare Williams, ed., Thomas Platter's Travels in England, 1599 (London, 1937), 150; Sept. 19, 1662, Pepys, Diary, III, 201; Paolo Da Certaldo, Libro di Buoni Costumi, ed. Alfredo Schiaffini (Florence, 1945), 14; OBP, Oct. 17–19, 1749, 163; Mrs. Grant, Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of Scotland… (New York, [1831?]), 1,121; Jackson, ed., De la Pryme Diary, 71; Schindler, Rebellion, 215.

73. Yves-Marie Bercé, History of Peasant Revolts: The Social Origins of Rebellion in Early Modern France, trans. Amanda Whitmore (Ithaca, N. Y., 1990), 278; Diary of James Scudamore, ca. 1710, Hereford City Library, Eng.; Feb. 13, 14, 1667, Pepys, Diary, VIII, 60, 62; Lawrence F. Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500–1800 (New York, 1977), 94.

74. Nov. 18, 1762, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell's London Journal, 1762–1763 (New York, 1950), 43. См. также: Dec. 17,1769, Woodforde, Diary, 1,95.

75. Brian Hill, Observations and Remarks in a Journey through Sicily and Calabria (London, 1792), 49; Journal of Twisden Bradboum, 1693–1967, 1698, 103, Miscellaneous English Manuscripts c. 206, Bodl. «Окропление святой водой, – писал Ноэль Тайльпье, – это верная защита от козней и хитрости злых духов» (Ghosts, 174).

76. Grose, Provincial Glossary, 70; R. D. Oliver Heslop, comp., Northumberland Words… (London, 1894), I, 204; Brand 1848, III, 15; Muchembled, Popular Culture, trans. Cochrane, 84–85; Enid Porter, Cambridgeshire Customs and Folklore (New York, 1969), 62; Paul-Yves Sébillot, Le Folklore de la Bretagne… (Paris, 1968), II, 132; Jean Delumeau, La Peur en Occident, XlVe-XVllle Siècles. Une Cité Assiégée (Paris, 1978), 92; William Dillon Piersen, Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England (Amherst, Mass., 1988), 85.

77. Faber, ed., Gay Works, 81; Rousseau, Emile, trans. Bloom, 148; John Bumap, July 10, 1766, Assi 45/28/2/97c. См. также: Thomas Hardy, The Trumpet-Major… (1912; rpt. edn., New York, 1984), 274.

78. Remarks 1717,175; Watson, ed., Men and Times, 115; Bernard Mandeville, An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, ed. Marvin R. Zirker, Jr. (Los Angeles, 1964), 10; Muchembled, Violence, 65,120–121.

79. Schindler, Rebellion, 223; Muchembled, Violence, 120–123, 259; William Mowfitt, Aug. 14,1647, Assi 45/2/1/229; T. Platter, Journal, 197; Pinkerton, Travels, 1,224; Milly Harrison and О. M. Royston, comps., How They Lived… (Oxford, 1965), II, 253; OBP, May 2–5,1739,73; Rousseau, Emile, trans. Bloom, 138.

80. Anna Brzozowska-Krajka, Polish Traditional Folklore: The Magic of Time (Boulder, Colo., 1998), 63; Sébillot, Folklore de la Bretagne, II, 162; Autobiography of the Blessed Mother Anne of Saint Bartholomew (St. Louis, 1916), 15; Casey, ed., Jean Paul, trans. Casey, 339; F. Platter, Journal, 104.

81. Abel Boyer, Dictionare Royal… (Amsterdam, 1719); Paul Monroe, Thomas Platter and the Educational Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century (New York, 1904), 161, 107; Dietz, Surgeon, 110–111. См. также: Stephen Bradwell, A Watch-Man for the Pest… (London, 1625), 39.

82. Llewellynn Jewitt, ed., The Life of William Hutton… (London, 1872), 159; Braker, Life, 58; David Pulsifer, ed., Records of the Colony of New Plymouth in New England (Boston, 1861), XI, 106; Dec. 13,1765, Frank Brady and Frederick A. Potde, eds., Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766 (New York, 1955), 232.

83. Feb. 7,1704, Cowper, Diary.

84. Jan. 29,1735, Clegg, Diary, I, 217; June 14,1757, Turner, Diary, 100.

85. SWP, II, 560–561; Oct. 28,1833, McGrath, ed., O'Sullivan Diary, III, 247.

ЧАСТЬ ТРЕТЬЯ

Прелюдия

1. L. E. Kästner, ed., The Poetical Works of William Drummond of Hawthornden… (New York, 1968), 1,46.

2. Flaherty, Privacy, 94; David Levine and Keith Wrightson, The Making of an Industrial Society: Whickham, 1560–1765 (Oxford, 1991), 280.

3. Penry Williams, The Later Tudors: England, 1547–1603 (Oxford, 1995), 515; G. R. Quaife, Wanton Wenches and Wayward Wives: Peasants and Illicit Sex in Early Seventeenth Century England (London, 1979), 180–181.

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5. Oct. 16,1773, Frederick A. Pottle and Charles H. Bennett, eds. Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LLD, 1773 (New York, 1961), 312; A View of London and Westminster… (London, 1725), 5–6.

6. Маг. 27,1782, Sanger, Diary, 409; Yves Castan, "Politics and Private Life," in HPL III, 49; Loma Weatherill, Consumer Behavior and Material Culture in Britain, 1660–1760 (London, 1988), 76–77,80,88,168.

7. "B," Westminster Magazine 8 (1780), 16. See also Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Aphorisms, ed. R. J. Hollingdale (London, 1990), 44–45; Lena Cowen Orlin, ed., Elizabethan Households: An Anthology (Washington, D. C, 1995), 119–120; SAS, II, 311.

8. Norman Egbert McClure, ed., The Letters of John Chamberlain (Philadelphia, 1939), I, 283; May 17, 1709, PL 27/2; OBP, Apr. 28-May 3, 1742, 77; SAS, II, 311; Levine and Wrightson, Making of an Industrial Society, 281; Roger Thompson, "'Holy Watchfulness' and Communal Conformism: The Functions of Defamation in Early New England Communities," New England Quarterly 56 (1983), 513.

9. John Aubrey, Miscellanies upon Various Subjects (London, 1857), 215; British Magazine, 2 (1747), 441; Alexandre Wolowski, La Vie Quotidienne en Pologne au XVIIe Siècle (Paris, 1972), 184; Breton, Works, П, 11.

10. Kathleen Elizabeth Stuart, "The Boundaries of Honor; 'Dishonorable People' in Augsburg, 1500–1800" (Ph. D. diss., Yale Univ., 1993), 26, 38–40; Jütte, Poverty, 164; Ruth Mellinkoff, Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages (Berkeley, Calif., 1993), 43–47,184–190; Raffaella Sarti, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, trans. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 207–211.

11. Weekly Rehearsal (Boston), Apr. 24, 1732; Schindler, Rebellion, 288–289; Mellinkoff, Outcasts, 188–193.

12. OED, s. V. "privacy," "private" (also "privy" and "privity"); The Bastard (London, 1652), 71; Herbert's Devotions… (London, 1657), 217; Flaherty, Privacy, 1—13; Ronald Huebert, "Privacy; The Early Social History of a Word," Sewanee Review, 105 (1997), 21–38.

13. Frederick J. Fumivall, ed., Philip Stubbes's Anatomy of the Abuses in England in Shakespeare’s Youth, a.d. 1583 (London, 1877), 1,329; Natalie Zemon Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France (Stanford, Calif., 1975), 97—123; Maria José del Rio, "Carnival, the World Upside Down," in Robert Muchembled et al., Popular Culture (Danbury, Ct., 1994), 83–84.

14. Harrison, Description, 36; David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells: National Memory and the Protestant Calendar in Elizabethan and Stuart England (London, 1989), passim; Griffiths, Youth, 156–158; Burke, Popular Culture, 194–196.

15. Richard Lassels, An Italian Voyage… (London, 1698), II, 118; Iain Cameron, Crime and Repression in the Auvergne and the Guyenne, 1720–1790 (Cambridge, 1981), 197–198; David Chambers and Trevor Dean, Clean Hands and Rough Justice: An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1997), 20. См. также: Donald E. Crawford, ed., Journals of Sir John Lauder (Edinburgh, 1900), 118; Schindler, Rebellion, 200–201.

16. The Works of Mr. Thomas Brown in Prose and Verse… (London, 1708), III, 114; The Poems of the Late Christopher Smart… (London, 1790), П, 9; Charles Gildon, The Post-Boy Rob'd of His Mail… (London, 1692), 147; Mr. Dibdin, The Lamplighter ([London, 1790?]); Kenneth J. Gergen et al., "Deviance in the Dark," Psychology Today 7 (1973), 129–130.

17. Alastair Fowler, ed., The New Oxford Book of Seventeenth Century Verse (Oxford, 1991), 416; Bernard Bailyn, "The Boundaries of History: The Old World and the New," in The Dedication of the Casperen Building… (Providence, 1992), 36; The London Jilt: or, the Politick Whore… (London, 1683), Pt. II, 156; Aphra Behn, Five Plays…, ed. Maureen Duffy (London, 1990), 35; Dionysius, "Contemplations by Moonlight," European Magazine 34 (1798), 307.

18. Rétif de la Bretonne, Les Nuits de Paris, ou le Spectateur-Nocturne, eds. Jean Varloot and Michel Delon (Paris, 1986), 38; Edward Young, Night Thoughts, ed. Stephen Cornfield (Cambridge, 1989), 122; Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, trans. H. A Hargreaves (Berkeley, Calif., 1990), 10; J. W. Goethe, Italian Journey, 1786–1788 (New York, 1968), 182; Lewis, Diary, 161.

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40. NYWJ, May 4,1741; John Lough, France Observed in the Seventeenth Century by British Travellers (Stocksfield, Eng., 1984), 44; Cohens, Italy, 168, 268–269. См. также: William Langland, Piers Plowman: The C Version, trans. George Economou (Philadelphia, 1996), 43.

41. Hester Lynch Piozzi, Observations and Reflections Made in the Course of a Journey through France, Italy, and Germany, ed. Herbert Barrows (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967), 103–104; Joseph Palmer, A Four Months Tour through France (London, 1776), II, 13; Jan. 28,1708, Cowper, Diary; Jeremy D. Popkin, ed., Panorama of Paris: Selections from Le Tableau de Paris, Louis-Sébastien Mercier (University Park, Pa., 1999), 96; NYWJ, Aug. 20, 1750; Richard Cobb, Paris and Its Provinces, 1792–1802 (New York, 1975), 18–19,26-27.

42. Paroimiographia (French), 21; Columella, On Agriculture and Trees, trans. Forster and Heffner, III, 123; Josiah Tucker, Instructions for Travellers, 1757 (New York, n. d.), 243; Patricia James, ed., The Travel Diaries of Thomas Robert Malthus (London, 1966), 73; G. E. Fussell and K. R. Fussell, The English Countrywoman: A Farmhouse Social History, A. D. 1500–1900 (New York, 1971), 38,69–70.

43. Feb. 9,12,1767, Woodforde, Diary, 1,62; Rétif de la Bretonne, My Father's Life, trans. Richard Veasey (Gloucester, Eng., 1986), 162; Apr. 8,1777, Sanger, Journal, 139, passim; Markham's Farewell to Husbandry… (London, 1620), 146.

44. Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1998), 153,168,191,195.

45. Taylor, A Preter-Pluperfect… (n. p., 1643), 1.

46. Verdon, Night, 113–114; "Mus Rusticus," SJC, Apr. 27, 1773; Jeffry Kaplow, France on the Eve of Revolution: A Book of Readings (New York, 1971), 145; OBP, Apr. 17–20, 1765,174; Frank Cundall, ed., Lady Nugent's Journal: Jamaica One Hundred and Thirty-tight Years Ago (London, 1939), 86; Michael Sonenscher, "Work and Wages in Paris in the Eighteenth Century," in Maxine Berg et al., eds., Manufacture in Town and Country before the Factory (Cambridge, 1983), 167.

47. Bouteloup, "Travail de Nuit," 3; Lydia Dotto, Losing Sleep: How Your Sleeping Habits Affect Your Life (New York, 1990), 226,229; Kaplan, Bakers of Paris, 264–265.

48. SAS, IX, 480.

49. OBP, Aug. 28, 1728; Peter Linebaugh, The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, 1992), 377; Robert C. Davis, Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Preindustria] City (Baltimore, 1991), 160–161; Beattie, Crime, 175–178. См. также: Kaplan, Bakers of Paris, 244.

50. Merry E. Wiesner, Working Women in Renaissance Germany (New Brunswick, N. J., 1986), 94; "Dane's Narrative," 150; ECR, II, 373.

51. Bräker, Life, 76, 56; Thompson, "Time, Work-Discipline," 77; Paul Monroe, ed., Thomas Platter and the Educational Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century (New York, 1904), 155–156. См. также: Émile Guillaumin, The Life of a Simple Man, ed. Eugen Weber, trans. Margaret Crosland (Hanover, N. H., 1983), 74.

52. Evangeline W. and Charles M. Andrews, eds., Journal of a Lady of Quality; Being the Narrative of a Journey from Scotland to the West Indies, North Carolina, and Portugal, in the Years 1774 to 1776 (New Haven, 1923), 108; Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 138,140, 251–253,358—376, passim; Roderick A. McDonald, The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana (Baton Rouge, 1993), 47.

53. Piero Camporesi, Bread of Dreams: Food and Fantasy in Early Modern Europe, trans. David Gentilcore (Chicago, 1989), 96; June 15,1760, Drinker, Diary, 1,66; SAS, XI, 110; William Moraley, The Infortunate: or, the Voyage and Adventures of William Moraley… (Newcastle, Eng., 1743), 51; George Lyman Kittredge, The Old Farmer and His Almanack… (New York, 1967), 172–173; Roger D. Abrahams, Singing the Master: The Emergence of African American Culture in the Plantation South (New York, 1982), 81.

54. J. J. Evans, ed., Welsh Proverbs… (Llandysul, Wales, 1965), 23; Tilley, Proverbs in England, 753.

55. Abel Boyer, Dictionaire Royal… (Amsterdam, 1719); Mr. Ozell, trans., M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in His Travels over England (London, 1719), 332; Suzanne Tardieu, La Vie Domestique dans le Maçonnais Rural Préindustriel (Paris, 1964), 154–161; Verdon, Night, 117–123; Hans Medick, "Village Spinning Bees: Sexual Culture and Free Time among Rural Youth in Early Modem Germany," in Hans Medick and David Warren Sabean, eds., Interest and Emotion: Essays on the Study of Family and Kinship (Cambridge, 1984), 317–339; Stephen P. Frank, "Simple Folk, Savage Customs?' Youth, Sociability, and the Dynamics of Culture in Rural Russia, 1856–1914," JSH 25 (1992), 716,711–737, passim; Alessandro Falassi, Folklore by the Fireside: Text and Context of the Tuscan Veglia (Austin, 1980), 3,248, passim; Dec. 16,1783, Lady T. Lewis, ed., Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry (London, 1865), 1, 53; Darryl Ogier, "Night Revels and Werewolfery in Calvinist Guernsey," Folklore 109 (1998), 54–56; Magnus Gislason, Kvällsvaka: En Isländsk Kulturtradition Belyst Genom Studier i Bondebcfolkningens Vardagsliv och Miljö Under Senare Hälften av 1800—Talet och Början av 1900—Talet (Uppsala, 1977); James H. Delargy, "The Gaelic Story-Teller, with Some Notes on Gaelic Folk-Tales," Proceedings of the British Academy 31 (1945), 191–192; SAS, VI, 482–483; Mrs. Grant, Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of Scotland… (New York, [1831?]), 1,103; Hugh Evans, The Gorse Glen (Liverpool, 1948), 146.

56. Leona C. Gabel, ed., Memoirs of a Renaissance Pope: The Commentaries of Pius II, an Abridgement, trans. Florence A. Gragg (New York, 1962), 35; G. E. Mingay, "Rural England in the Industrial Age," in G. E. Mingay, ed., The Victorian Countryside (London, 1981), 1,14.

57. Robert Bell, A Description of the Conditions and Manners… of the Peasantry of Ireland… (London, 1804), 20.

58. Medick, "Spinning Bees," 322–323; Jakob Stutz, Siebenmal Sieben]ahre aus Meinem Leben: Als Beitrag zur Näheren Kenntnis des Volkes (Frauenfeld, Switz., 1983), 66–67; James Macpherson, The Poems of Ossian (Edinburgh, 1805), II, 341; SAI, 1,318.

59. Daniello Bartoli, La Ricreazione del Savio (Parma, 1992), 336; Burke, Popular Culture, 105–106; Bernard J. Hibbitts, "Making Sense of Metaphors: Visuality, Aurality and the Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse," Cardozo Law Review 16 (1994), 343–344; Crusius, Node, ch. 6.3; Takashi Tomita, Yorw no Shinrijutsu: Hiru Kara Yoru e no Kâodâo, Korkoro no Henka о (Tokyo, 1986), 24–25; Henrie Glassie, Passing the Time in Ballymenone: Culture and History of an Ulster Community (Philadelphia, 1982), 40–41, 74, 105; Mircea Eliade, Myth and Reality (London, 1964), 10; Raffaele Pettazzoni, Essays on the History of Religions (Leiden, 1954), 13–14.

60. Moses Heap, "My Life and Times, or an Old Man's Memories, Illustrated with Numerous Anecdotes and Quaint Sayings," 3, District Central Library, Rawtenstall, Eng.; Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 76; Gamert, Lampan, 114.