Текст книги "Основы английской фразеологии"
Автор книги: Н. Амосова
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Смирницкий А. И. Лексикология английского языка. М, Изд. лит. на
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Соколова Л. О., С. В. Суворов. К определению границ фразеологии.
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Акад. обществ, наук при ЦК КПСС, 1954.
Смит Л. П. Фразеология английского языка, русск. пер. М., Учпедгиз, 1959.
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198
II. Диссертация
Анисимова 3. Н. Фразеологические единицы типа «прилагательное-f-cy-
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Калинин П. П. Фразеологические единицы с субстантивным структурным
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Никифорова М. Н. Субстантивные фразеологические единицы в
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III. Словари
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Dixon J. M. English Idioms. London, Nelson and Sons.
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Hyamson A. M. A Dictionary of English Phrases London—New York-
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Swedish Equivalents. Stockholm—Uppsala, 1945.
Lyell Th. R. G. Slang, Phrase and Idiom in Colloquial English and Their
Use. Tokyo, The Hokuseido Press, 1931
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to Customs, Proverbs, etc... London, 1822.
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Bilingual Explanations. Shanghai, 1926.
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1947.
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W о r a 11 A. J. English Idioms for Foreign Students with Exercises. London—
New York—Toronto, 1943.
УКАЗАТЕЛЬ
according to expectations 103
Achilles's tendon 64
Adam's apple 105, 178
again and again 124
ague cake 105, 189
a little bird told me 139
alive and kicking 124
all and sundry 66
all is not gold that glitters 144
all my eye and Betty Martin 86, 123
all the go 172
all the world and his wife 123
angel's visit 66
Anthony's fire 106
ape's paternoster 78
apple of discord 178
apple of (smb's) eye, the 165
arrow head 105
artesian well 108
as a matter of fact 104
as an ox goes to the slaughter 136
as anything 146
as bad luck would have it 139
as far as (smb, smth) is concerned 104
as far as that goes 139
as good as 130
as luck would have it 139
as the crow flies 136, 172, 178
as the echo answers the voice 136
as though 130
a stitch in time saves nine 144
at a loss 150
at arm's length 154
at (on) a stretch 130
at bottom 127
at cross purposes 150
at dawn 127
at ease 128
at hand 127
at (by) haphazard 130
at (in) heart 130
at home 127
at intervals 127
at its worst (best etc) 120
at last 129, 130
at least 129
at liberty 127
at night 127
at once 128
atomic energy 105
at rest 127
at the eleventh hour 172
at the first blush 74, 95, 109
at will 127
back of the head 104, 191
bachelor's wife 66
bag and baggage 187, 188
bank holiday 60, 187
baptism of fire 78
barrister-at-law 168
be about, to 151, 152
be a goose, to 151
bearded wheat 62
bear down, to 135
bear out, to 134
bear the gree, to 108
bear up for, to 135
beat a retreat, to 165
beau ideal, the 154
beef tea 60, 172, 173
beer and skittles 122
before (one) can say Jack
Robinson 136, 137
before now 128
201
beggar description, to 60
beg pardon 107
behind (beyond, within) the veil 130
behind the" scenes 127
be it, to 151
believe that the moon is made
of green cheese, to 136
bell, book and candle 123
Bell's palsy 66
below (beneath, under) the mark 130
be (dead) nuts (on smth), to 151
be of age, to 151
be (get) on (one's) feet, to 88
be on the safe side, to 151
be over, to 151
best man 155, 171
be the first (last) (to do smth), to 152
be the limit, to 151
be tired (surprised), to 152, 153
bid beads, to 95
birds of a feather flock together 144
bissextile year 108, 109
bite the hand that feeds (one), to 172
bit of fluff (muslin, stuff) 100
black frost 60, 65, 107
black Maria 177
black sheep 172, 173
blank verse 60, 65
bless (one's) soul 142
blind headache 105, 189
blue butter 105
blue devils 179
blue funk 60
bold as brass, as 88, 146
bone of contention 126, 187, 188
bony process 105
book of reference 104
bosom friend 60
bread-and-cheese marriage 149
break in, to 135
break the matter (news), to 70
breathe in, to 131
breathe (one's) last, to 100, 101
bring (drive, strike) home (to smb),
to 101
bring up, to 131, 134
bring up the rear, to 60
broad awake 67
broken tea 60, 65
brown bread 65, 190
brown study 87, 95
but for 130
by and by 123
by (long) chalks 127
by day 127
by heart 130, 172, 173, 178
by hook or by crook 86
by nature 127—128
by (in) snatches 130
by stealth 127
by then 128
by (with) the run 130
Cadmean victory 68
call a spade a spade, to 125
call (smb) names, to 61, 165
Canterbury story (tale) 71
cap and bells 124
cape-and-sword comedy 149
capful of wind 60
cap in hand(s) 156, 179
carry coals to Newcastle, to 101
carrying capacity 105
cast (scatter) bread upon the waters,
to 99
cast (throw, fling) (smth) in (smb's)
face, to 1 CI
catch (clutch) at a straw, to 100
cat o'nine tails 107 '/
caught in a net 151
centrifugal force 105
centripetal force 105
Cesarian operation (section) 71
change of heart 61
chest of .drawers 104
chop and change, to 88, 122
Christian name 68
city Arab 71
clean broke 68
cocked hat 94
cock of the walk 172
cogwheel breathing 106
cold as a key, as 146
cold weapon 60
come back, to 131
come in, to 131
come off, to 134
come to an end, to 103
common sense 60, 64, 190
consuetudinary law 108
cool cucumber, a 171
cool as a cucumber, as 171, 172
court-martial 177
crack a joke, to 60
cream of tartar 105
Crescent City, the 84
crossed questions and crooked
answers 127
cross (smb's) path, to 165
cross the Rubicon, to 90, 164
cry out, to 132
cry stinking fish, to 135
cudgel (one's) brains, to 73
cupboard love 61
current coin 154, 171
curse of Cain, the 154
Danaids* work 66
dance attendance, to 155
dark horse 73
202
daughter-in-law 169
day after the fair, the 73
dead as a door-nail, as 146
dead as Queen Ann, as 146
deaf as an ass, as 146
deaf nut 65, 94, 172, 173
dear sir 107
death bed repentance 149
death's head 153, 154, 155
devil's own luck, the 149
devil's paternoster 78
dog-and-chain 105
dog days 177
dog in the manger 187
dog's life 60, 66
don't mention it 107
dormant partner 67
down in the mouth 172
drat it (you) 142
draw it mild 141
draw water with (in) a sieve, to 101
dree (one's) weird, to 87, 183
dressed up to the nines 151
drop down upon, to 135
drop in, to 135
drown the miller, to 126
dry as a bone, as 147
Dutch auction 62
Dutch bargain 63
Dutch comfort 71
Dutch consolation 71
Dutch courage 63
Dutch defence 63
Dutch feast 63
Dutch treat 63
eat humble pie, to 91, 126
eat up, to 131, 132
end of (smb's) tether, the 154
end up, to 132
Endymion's sleep 66
English elm 64
enough and to spare 124
every cloud has its silver lining 145
everyday life 104
eVil genius 171
external maxillary artery 105
fair and square 124
fall flat, to 187, 188
fall out, to 131, 135, 187
false acacia 62
far cry 60, 65
father-in-law 169
feast today and fast tomorrow 123, 124
feather (one's) nest, to 79
feed the fishes, to 93
feel like (+Gerund), to 120
fiddler's news 66
fiddle while Rome is burning, to 136
fight like Kilkenny cats, to 86, 148
fine (gay) as the king's candle, as 99
first catch your hare 141
first name 68
first night 60
fish with a silver hook, to 187
fix up, to 132
flesh and blood 94
floating capital 68, 187
fool's (granny's) knot 68
for all (one) knows 139
for a song 127
for certain 129
for ever 128
for fun 127
forget-me-not 168
for good 172, 178
for keeps 127
for once 128
for show 127
for sure 128, 129
for the present 128
frame of mind 60
freezing (congealing) point 105
French chop 63
French desease 63
French horn 63
French leave 63
French pancake 63
French telephone 63
French toast 63
French window' 63
from the cradle 127
full and by 124
funny bone 106
fur and feather 124
gentleman in black, the 154
German silver 62
get the better (of smb, smth), to 154
get the hang (of smth), to 165
get the order of the boot, to 101—102
get the right sow by the ear, to 101
get the sack, to 101
get (one's) walking orders, to 102
gild the pill, to 78
gilded youth 60
give a laugh, to 113, 117, 119
give a lift, to 119
give a loaf and beg a shive, to 76, 87
give a smile 114
give in, to 134
give (smb) quite a turn, to 119
give (show) the cold shoulder (to
smb), to 99
give up, to 151, 155
give up the ghost, to 109
Gladstone bag 64
glance up, to 131
go away, to 131
203
God knows 139
Golden Age, the 154, 171
good morning (evening) 107
go on, to 135
go to Bath 142
go to bed (school, church etc), to 120
go to (pot) ruin, to 126
go to the forefathers, to 101
Governor-general 169
go West, to 101
Grand Old Man, the 85
grass widow 78, 87, 172
greedy as a cow in a clover, as 147
greedy as a hawk, as 146
green table 62, 177, 178
grey goose 62
grey mare, the 79, 80, 183,
grin like a Cheshire cat, to 148, 149
grind (one's) teeth, to 60, 67
grit (one's) teeth, to 67
guiding principle 104
half and half 124
half-licked (unlicked) cub 99
hammer and tongs 79, 172
hang fire, to 94
hang it (all) 142, 143
hang on by (one's) eyelashes (eyelids,
eyebrows), to 78, 99
happy as a clam at high tide, as 147
happy as a king, as 146
hard (soft) money 190
have a dig (at smth), to 94
have a swim, to 113, 114
have a smoke, to 113, 114
have (one's) heart in (one's) mouth,
to 78
have many strings to (one's) bow 93
have no heart (to do smth), to 167
have no idea (of smth), to 103
have no option but (to do smth),
to 103
have no stomach (for smth), to 6i
have the face (to do smth), to 61, 65
have the game in (one's) hands 92
heads I win, tails you lose 144
head over heels 86
heads or tails 122
heart and soul 122
heaven knows 140
high and dry 124
high and mighty 122
hit the right nail on the head, to 101
Hobson's choice 64, 172, 177, 188
hold the baby, to 189
hold (one's) tongue, to 141, 166
hold water, to 126
hook, line and sinker, 123, 124
hope for the best, to 103
hop the twig, to 101
howl (oneself) to sleep, to 120
hue and cry 76, 87
hunting case 106
husband's tea 60, 66, 172
hush up, to 132
if ever there was one 139, 172
if I were you 103
if (the) worst comes to (the) worbt
139
if you don't like it, you can lump it
144
in a fix 127
in a fog 127
in a fume 127
in a hurry 128
in a moment 128
in a shake 127
in brief 129
in clear 12§, 130
in common 129
Indian file 62
Indian summer 171
in earnest 128, 129
in fact 179
in front of 130
in full (brief, clear, general, common,
short) 129
in general 129
in question 127
in reality 128
Inspector-general 169
in (certain) spirits 165
in spite of the pie 87
internal ^secretion 103
in the cart 127
in the howe of the night 73
in the long run 154
in the nick of time 73
in the saddle 93
into the bargain 187
it goes without saying 139
it stands out a mile 139
it stands to reason 139
Jackard loom 64
Jack-in-the-box 169
Job's comforter 66
Job's news 66
join the majority, to 100, 101
Judas' hair 64
jump over the broomstick, to 126
keep an eye (on smb, smth), to 165
keep open house (table, doors) to 99
kick the bucket, to 89, 100, 183
kill or cure, to 122
kit-cat size 108
knight-bachelor 169
knight-errant 169
204
knit (one's) brows, to 60, 65, 155, 164
knock into the middle of the next week,
to 93
know hawk from a handsaw, to 87
know which side (one's) bread is
buttered, to 141
labour of Sisyphus 97
Lady of Babylon, the 85
large as life, as 146
lay down, to 132
last straw 171 *^
lead apes in hell, to 86
lead (smb) up the garden path, to 79
leather and prunella 172
leg and leg 123
lemon yellow 105
letter of the law, the 60, 65
licks into shape, to 78
lie at (on, upon) the lurch, to 98
lifeless rubber 105
lion's share 177
liquid fire 154
liver of sulphur 105
lock, stock and barrel 123
look down, to 131
look forward (to smth), to 187
look here 142, 143
look out, to 135
Lord Justice 169
Lord Lieutenant 169
lose (one's) bearings, to 93
lose (one's) temper, to 61, 65
loud as a hog in a gate, as 149
maehine gun fire 105
mad as a hatter, as 78, 146, 172, 178
magnifying glass 104, 191
make a dead set (at smb, smth), to 94
make a fool (of smb), to 102
make a move, to 119
make an appearance, to 104
make (produce) an impression, to 104
make a purse out of a sow's ear, to 125
make a start, to 114
make clothes for fishes, to 101
make (srnb's) hair stand on end 126
make/ieither heads nor tails, to 166
make ropes of sand, to 101
make up, to 135
male (female) rime 106
man and a brother, a 123
man in the moon, the 178
man in the street, the 125
Mansion House 85
mare's nest, a 72, 74, 78, 86
mean business, to 103
medullary sheath 105
mend or end, to 123
metes and bounds 108
miles and miles 123
mince matters, to 187 f ,
monkey chatter 105 /
monthof Sundays, a 189
Mother Carey is plucking her geese 144
Mother Hubbard 107
move heaven and earth, to 125
National Palaver, the 85
neck and neck 123, 124
nice as ninepence 87
nice distinction 153
not to be able to hold the candle (to
smb) 154
not to turn a hair, 8$, 125
occipital convolution 105
cf course 172, 173
off and on 86
old as the hills, as 146
old bov (girl) 107
old salt 60
on all fours 154
on a par 128
one and all 124
on foot 127, 130
on second thoughts 154
on tenterhooks 130, 150
on (certain) terms 165
on the alert 127
out of hand 179
owing to 130 ,
pale (white) as ashes, a 99
pale as marble, as 146, 147
pancake coil 105
part and parcel 109, 123, 156, 172
Parthian shot (shaft, arrow) 99
pass the Rubicon, to 90, 187, 188
pay (one's) addresses, to 69
pay attention (heed), to 69, 191
pay a call (visit), to 69
pay compliments, to 69
pay court, to 69
pay deference, to 69
pay (one's) devoirs, to 69
pay homage, to 69
pay respects, to 69
nay scot and lot, to 108
pay the piper while others call the
tune, to 136
pay through the nose, to 86, 149, 188
peanut valve 105
penny-a-Hne 172
peter out, to 189
pick a hole (on), to 97
pick and choose, to 122, 121
p;o in the sky 92
pipe dream 60, 65
piper's tale 68
205
play ducks and drakes, to 125, 187
play second fiddle, to 167
Poet Laureate 169
policy of force 104
pot calling the kettle black, the 100
pour oil on the (troubled) waters, to 98
prick of conscience 60, 168
prim and proper 124
Procrustean (Procruste's) bed 97
public opinion 104
pull devil, pull baker 142, 143
pull (smb's) leg, to 102, 155, 164, 183
put a hat on a hen, to 101
put (one's) cards on the table, to 73
put (one's) head into the lion's mouth,
to 101
put (one's) neck in a noose, to 101
put on, to 135
put on a consulting (thinking) cap, to
99
put (one's) pride into (one's) pocket,
to 165
put that in your pipe and smoke it 141
put up at, to 135
put up with, to 135
Pyrrhic victory 68
quick as lightning, as 147
quick (Roman) balance 68
rack and ruin 124
radio pocket 105
rain cats and dogs, to 89, 148, 149, 150
lain or shine 122
raise (lift up) (one's) horn, to 99
rank and file 172
rat tail 105
red tape 73
light side of cloth, the 79
roll up horse, foot and guns, to 125
rough and ready 188
rough sketch 153
round peg in a square hole, a 97
round robin 78
rub shoulders (with smb), to 154
rule the roast, to 87
Russian leather 62
sacrifice to the graces, to 89
Satan rebuking sin 100—101
save (one's) skin, to 80
save the mark, to 142
save your breath, to 141
say good-bye, to 104
say (one's) prayers, to 104
Scarlet Whore, the 85
Scotch broth 62
scotch the snake, to 108, 183
sealed book, a 93
see how the land lies, to 136
send owls to Athens, to 101
sentry box 105
set the axe to the tree, to 188
set by the ears, to 165
set foot on 183
set (smb's) teeth on edge, to 164
set to motion, to 104
ships that pass in the night 136, 141
shooting star 177
shut up, to 135
Siberian acacia 62
silent as a mouse, as 146
since then 128
sing away, to 131
Sisyphean labour 7, 97
Sisyphean task 71
sit down, to 131
sit in judgement (on smb), to 154
six of one and half a dozen of another
123, 124
skeleton in the cupboard 90, 168
sleeping partner 60, 67, 107, 163, 177,
187
slippery as an eel, as 147
small beer 61, 177
small hours 61
small talk 61
smell a rat, to 80
smell powder, to 126, 135
snake's pace 177
social ladder 60
soft flame 106
so long 107
son-in-law 168, 1б9
sour grapes 79
sow (one's) wild oats, to 183, 257
speak by the card, to 148, 149
speak out, to 131
speak the truth and shame the devil,
to 123
spick and span 74
spill the beans, to 125
square an account, to 61
square (one's) elbows, to 61
square peg in a round hole, a 97
square (one's) shoulders, to 61
stand or fall, to 122
stand the racket, to 94
stand up, to 131
stare (smb) in the face, to 147, 148
still life 105
stink with (of) money, to 97
stir up a hornets' nest, to 97
stock-in-trade 179
stone broke 68
stool pigeon 95
street Arab 71
strike me blind (if) 139
struggle for existence 103
suit (one's) book, to 61
206
sun's backstays (eyelashes) 68
Swan of Avon, the 85
swan song 172, 173, 178
swing a lead, to *94
take an examination to 104, 153
take a hair to draw a waggon, to 101
take a walk, to 113, 117, 118, 119
take in, to 134, 151, 187
take off, to 135
take the bull by the horns, to 187, 188
take the cake, to 79, 86 ,
take the gilt off the gingerbread, to 187
take (one's) time, to 141
take time by the forelock, to 78, 125
talk (smoke, laugh) away, to 132
talk through (one's) hat, to 148, 150
teach a bull to roar, to 99
teach a cock to crow, to 99
teach a dog to bark, to 99
teach a fish to bite, to 99
teach a hen to chuck, to 99
teach an old woman to dance 101
teach a pig to play on the flute, to
101
teach a serpent to hiss, to 99
teach iron to swim, to 101
tear a passion into rags (and tatters),
to 98
tell it to the marines 141
tempest in a teapot 166
thank you 107
that isn't (one's) cup of tea 145
the cat jumps 144
the fat is in the fire 144
there is no smoke without fire 144
the grey mare is the better horse 145
the odds are (that) 139
the tune the old cow died of 136
thick as thieves, as 172
thin edge of the wedge, the 79, 154, 214
though (one's) sins be as scarlet 136
throw (smth) into (smb's) face, to 80
ticket-of-leave 168
tied cottage 60
till then 128
time and again 124
tit for tat 74
to and' fro 87
to begin with 188
to be sure 151
Tom, Dick and Harry 123
tooth and nail 122
top_ dog 188
traveller s tale 68
true love knot 107
turn away, to 131
twenty and twenty 124
under the rose 127
up and doing 124
violent death (means, measures), 7(?
violent presumption 61
Virgin Queen, the 84
walking corpse 177
wander about, to 131
war baby 94
warm as abat, as 87
weigft aricriorVto 60, 93
welcome as flowers in May, as 149
well and good 124
Wellington boots 64, 66
when Queen Ann was alive 137, 17&
when Sundays come together 172
when the cows come home 136
white __aHoy 62
white day 60, 62
whited (painted) sepulchre 99
frffite eleahapt 171, 172, 187
white frost 62
white heat 62
white herring 62
wEite horse 97
white horses 97
white House 179
white lie 62
white meat 62
white night 62, 187, 190
white wine 62
white witch 62
wide awake 66, 67, 172
will-o'-the-wisp 169
wind wThich blows where it lists, a 136,
171
with a vengeance 156, 187, 188
with (one's) heart in (one's) throat
165
with might and main 172
without let or hindrance 108
working capital 68
work of art 104
write away (down), to 132
you can whistle for it 144
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Введение .... * i 3
Глава I. Переменный контекст
§ 1. Контекст и ситуация . 22
§ 2. Типы переменного контекста 34
Глава II. Постоянный контекст
§ 1. Фраземы 58
§ 2. Идиомы 72
–§ 3. Повторяемость и устойчивость контекста 103
§ 4. Границы фразеологического фонда языка 112
Глава III. Состав компонентов и строение фразеологических единиц
§ 1. Структурные типы фразеологических единиц 121
–§ 2. Границы и центр фразеологической единицы 147
A. Экзоэлементные фразеологические единицы .... —
Б. Фразеологические единицы с начальным глаголом to be . . 150
B. Начальные и конечные служебные элементы во
фразеологической единице 153
Г. О центре (или стержне) фразеологической единицы . . . 155
Глава IV. Внутренняя раздельнооформленность фразеологических единиц
'§ 1. Подвижный постоянный контекст 158
А. Синтаксические показатели —
Б. Морфологические показатели 166
§ 2. Неподвижный постоянный контекст 171
§ 3. Вопрос об эквивалентности фразеологической единицы слову . 179
Глава V. Классификация фразеоло] ических единиц
.Заключение 192
Источники и сокращения их названий 195
Библиография по английской фразеологии 197
.Указатель 201
