Текст книги "Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia "

Автор книги: Michael Korda

сообщить о нарушении

Текущая страница: 53 (всего у книги 55 страниц)

Gallipoli:British defeat at (1915), 4, 263–64, 269, 277, 282, 285, 290, 295German warships at, 248–50Galsworthy, John, 555Garland, H. G., 51–52, 56, 59, 70, 77, 322Garnett, Edward:and authors, 554–55, 564and Cape, 555, 565, 567and Lawrence in RAF, 564, 603and Lawrence’s depression, 603and ’e Mint, 625and Revoltabridgement, 555, 558, 562, 565, 566–67, 575, 603, 614–15and Seven Pillars, 554–55, 565and ST 200 handbook, 653Gasein (goldsmith), 300Gasim (stranger from Maan), 86–87, 418Gaza:Allenby’s attack on, 323, 325, 326, 331–34, 352defense of, 285Egyptian Expeditionary Force at, 4, 104–5stalemate at, 104–6Turkish control of, 21, 41, 59, 89, 91, 284–85, 291Gee, Sergeant Major, 544, 545Genet, Jean, 344Geneva Conventions, 85nGeographical Section of General StaГ (GSGS), 250–51, 252Georges-Picot, Franзois:flight at war’s outbreak, 35n, 266and Jerusalem, 353, 356and Sykes-Picot agreement, 38, 275–81and Syria, 440, 442, 445George V, king of England:and Feisal, 465honors oГered to Lawrence by, 447–50, 486, 516and Lawrence’s accident and death, 679, 680Lawrence’s audiences with, 440, 447–50Lawrence’s gifts to, 55n, 449and Lawrence’s military status, 439–40, 486Lawrence’s relationship with, 46, 666and politicians, 447, 450as stamp collector, 522and supporters of the Arab Revolt, 44Thomas’s show attended by, 481and World War I, 663German army:discipline in, 227in World War I, 10, 232, 242, 246, 275, 378, 381German navy, and Turkish navy, 248–50Germany:aircraft supplied to Turkey by, 14and archaeological sites, 184, 216in Central Powers, 232, 233colonial possessions of, 453and Hindenburg, 646Nazi regime in, 531postwar demands on, 454, 468railways built by, 168, 199, 202, 208, 209, 214, 215, 240surrender of, 453Turkish army supported by, 20, 36, 104, 285, 287, 311, 391, 411, 416, 421, 423, 424zeppelins, 646–47Gettysburg, battle of, 367Geziret Faraun, island of, 238Gibson Girls, 644Gilbert, Martin, 248Godefroy de Bouillon, 275Goltz, Colmar Freiherr von der, 287–88 Gone with the Wind(film), 694Gordon, Charles George (Gordon of Khartoum), 12, 45, 321, 478Graves, Philip, 255Graves, Robert: Goodbye to All That, 265, 624n Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure, 321, 611, 624–25, 627, 662, 689, 696on Lawrence at Oxford, 161–62, 174, 491on Lawrence’s audience with George V, 448, 449, 450Lawrence’s correspondence with, 446, 447, 448, 524, 656, 669, 671on Lawrence’s early years, 159Lawrence’s friendship with, 508, 589Lawrence’s obituary updated by, 671on Lawrence’s personal traits, 140n, 666–67Lawrence’s version of his story to, 321, 442, 446, 447, 448, 577and RFC history, 598and Seven Pillars, 497, 592and Turkish army handbook, 258Great Depression, 619Greek-Turkish War (1897), 246Green, Thomas Hill, 136Greene, Graham, 449Grey, Sir Edward, 181, 242, 260, 270Guevara, Che, 686Guilfoyle, W. J. Y., 560–61, 566, 569, 574, 575Guinness, Alec, 693Gulf of Aqaba, 1–2Gurschner, Herbert, portrait of Lawrence by, 684, 685Guweira:Arab encampment at, 312, 358, 374–75motor road to, 359

Hacim (Hajim) Bey, 342–43, 346, 351, 421Haidar Pasha, 168Haifa, British capture of, 412Haig, Sir Douglas, 105, 323Haj Wahid (cook), 207Hall-Smith, Guthrie, 503Hall-Smith, Janet (Laurie), 131, 159–61, 227, 490–91, 503–4, 529, 658Hamed the Moor, 72–73, 74, 87Hamid Fakhri Bey (Fakhri Pasha):Arab strategies against, 41, 60, 63and Armenian genocide, 37Beni Ali village destroyed by, 37at Medina, 66–67, 70at Tafileh, 365, 367, 370Hamoudi, Sheikh, 193, 196, 197, 198, 211, 226–27, 228, 262Hamra:arrival in, 31–32departure from, 42Hardinge, Lord Charles, 272Hardy, Mrs. Thomas, 679Hardy, Thomas, 589, 590, 594, 597, 608, 617, 618, 626Harmsworth, Hon. Esmond, 673Hashemite family:contest for power, 506Lawrence’s ambitions for, 80, 524presence in Iraq and Jordan, 511, 517Hassan Chowish, 342Hassan Shah, 327Hedley, Walter Coote, 233, 251, 252Hejaz Operations StaГ, 374, 375Hejaz region:Christians murdered in, 16–17desert blindness in, 312–13desert of, 23–24holiest Islam cities in, 10hostility toward Europeans in, 21, 24Hussein’s position in, 88, 299as independent Arab state, 292journeys to interior of, 18–21, 49military strategy in, 83, 379–80motor vehicles used in, 357–58, 359–60, 377, 396, 626railway in, 21, 24, 308supply route across, 12wells in, 21, 25, 43, 60, 71, 86, 92, 95Hemingway, Ernest, 73, 672 A Farewell to Arms, 319, 353Henry II, king of England, 405Herbert, Aubrey:and Arab Bureau, 284and Intelligence Department, Cairo, 252, 253, 255at Kut Al-Amara, 5, 288–90peace negotiations with Turks, 398Herodotus, 594Hewlett, Maurice, 205, 206, 218Higham, David, 665 Hindenberg, 646Hippocleides, 594–95nHirtzel, Sir Arthur, 454–55, 485Hitler, Adolf, 675Hittites:ancient city at Carchemish, 184–85, 193, 196, 199, 204, 210, 214, 216, 224, 240facial features of, 196Tell Ahmar mound, 197HMS Agincourt, 248HMS Du¤erin, 109, 292, 299HMS Duke of Edinburgh, 223HMS Erin, 248HMS Euryalus, 44HMS Fox, 292HMS Gloucester, 457HMS Hampshire, 291HMS Hardinge, 301, 302HMS Humber, 311, 326HMS Orion, 463–64, 464HMS Suva, 43–44, 59Hoare, Sir Samuel, 572, 575, 602, 639, 640Ho Chi Minh, 29, 686Hodgson, W. G., 414Hogarth, David G., 181–83, 322, 506and Arab Bulletin, 283and Arab Bureau, 252, 273, 274, 284and Arab Revolt, 292and Ashmolean Museum, 141, 155, 182, 222in Beirut, 189–90and Carchemish site, 185–86, 191, 193, 195, 208, 209–10, 215, 222, 239, 240death of, 626, 662and Lawrence’s interest in archaeology, 141, 166, 183, 190, 201, 224and Lawrence’s mental anguish, 376–78, 400, 590, 591and Lawrence’s travels, 188–89, 335as mentor to Lawrence, 7, 155–56, 166, 177, 182, 183, 190, 195, 204, 210, 234, 250, 251, 355, 377–78, 484–85, 489, 513, 608and Palestine Exploration Fund, 234portrait of, 675and Seven Pillars, 496, 497, 593, 598and Thomas’s film, 387Holocaust, 400, 468, 531Holroyd, Sir Michael, 397, 570, 596House, Edward, 454n, 492Howard, G. Wren, 567Howard, Leslie, 668, 691Howeitat tribe:Auda Abu Tayi as leader of, 68–69, 81, 87, 99, 301, 330Bell’s information on, 242at Guweira, 312hostility toward Europeans by, 403military actions of, 99, 100, 311, 318on the move, 88–89, 90Hughes, Howard, 637Humphreys, Sir Francis, 634, 635Hurley, W. M. M., 629Hussein, Saddam, 532Hussein ibn Ali-el-Aun, sharif, 304and British funding, 285British negotiations with, 82, 525–27, 528and British promises, 14, 266, 399–400, 401, 452, 454, 455British support requested (and then refused) by, 27, 60claim relinquished to Palestine, 511and groundwork for Arab Revolt, 9, 10, 85, 259–61as king of the Hejaz, 299–300, 306, 366, 405, 432, 449, 452, 524, 525kingship sought by, 40, 41, 42n, 91, 277, 299, 430McMahon’s correspondence with, 267–70, 272, 281, 399, 452, 453, 525and military strategy, 284, 298, 299and outbreak of Arab Revolt, 291–92, 293and Paris Peace Conference, 452, 457rivalries of, 34, 40, 55, 88, 267, 269, 272, 299, 404–5, 453, 483–84, 505, 515, 524, 525, 526Saudi defeat of, 483–84as sharif of Mecca, 11, 19, 70, 88, 404sons of, 10, 15, 16, 18, 22, 32, 33, 40, 62, 70, 259, 298, 455, 483, 528supporters of, 85, 88, 483, 506and Syria, 40, 414wives of, 22Hutchinsons, publisher, 525Hyde, H. Montgomery, 590n

ibn Saud:as emir of Rashids, 88full name of, 34nkingship of, 277n, 279and oil, 531rivalry between Hussein’s family and, 34, 40, 55, 88, 267, 269, 272, 299, 453, 483–84, 505, 515, 524, 525, 526, 625supporters of, 88, 267, 272, 405n, 453, 483, 484, 506Imperial Camel Brigade, 381, 395–96, 402, 403, 404, 408, 598Imperial Ottoman Museum, Constantinople, 185Imperial War Museum, 449India:ambitions in Middle East, 256–57, 261, 286Arab Revolt opposed in, 272as British colonial possession, 13, 48, 256, 259, 277n, 278, 630, 686dirigible test flight to, 647the “great game” in, 631–32ibn Saud supported by, 88, 267, 272, 453, 483, 506involvement in Arab Revolt, 11, 88Lawrence’s RAF period in, 618, 620–22, 623–24, 630, 634–35Muslim populations in, 11, 256Russian threats toward, 13safe air route to, 510“Indiana Jones,” 203nIndian army, Lawrence’s dislike of, 426–27, 428, 455Indian Army Expeditionary Force, 257Inman, H. T., 144Iraq:borders of, 517British ambitions in, 267, 507British troops in, 506, 507, 514creation of, 697, 698diverse populations in, 517Feisal as first king of, 277n, 405, 449, 455, 515, 516–18, 519, 523–24flag of, 272, 517Hashemite presence in, 511Lawrence’s recommendations for, 451, 455, 537, 625–26, 697local unrest in, 509, 517modern-day wars in, 30oil in, 510, 531RAF base in, 514–15successors to, 532Ireland:Chapman family in, 119–24, 502Easter Rising in, 654nationalists in, 654–55Protestant Ascendancy in, 119Irish Academy of Letters, 119Irish Free State, 576Ismail Pasha, Khedive, 234, 343Israel:creation of, 39, 276, 399–400, 511, 686and Holocaust, 400and Jewish national home, 39, 520 see alsoZionism

Jaafar Pasha:and Arab army, 68, 70, 299, 306, 357, 366, 404–5British decoration awarded to, 404as Feisal’s chief of staГ, 299, 366and Maan, 390, 394at Tafileh, 368Jackson, Stonewall (Thomas), 60Jacobsen, J. P., 552Jane, L. Cecil, 151, 155, 162, 163, 177Jaussen, Pиre, 255Jefer, 92, 95, 403Jemadar Shah, 331Jemal Pasha, seeAhmed Jemal PashaJerablus:archaeological sites of, 184, 191, 206, 215licorice company in, 191Jericho:Allenby’s attack on, 375, 376as military goal, 357, 359, 374Jerusalem:Allenby’s conquest of, 351–53, 356, 361British control of, 460, 461and Crusades, 275holy city of, 10, 40, 270n, 307, 352as military goal, 83, 89, 105, 112, 297, 307, 351Thomas in, 354Jesus College, Oxford University:Lawrence’s entrance into, 151–52, 153Lawrence’s work at, 28, 162–65, 176–77, 178, 186, 202, 217Lawrence’s years at, 155–56, 173–74, 182, 185–86 Jewish Chronicle, 463Jidda:British consulate in, 10journey to, 8, 9–13, 293Lawrence and Storrs in, 14–17, 615Wilson in, 11, 14, 49, 51, 60, 300John, Augustus, 397, 504, 508, 540, 671, 675, 679 John Bull, 643Johns, W. E., 544–47Jonathan Cape, publishing house:and Doughty’s book, 557and Garnett, 555, 565, 567handsome books produced by, 567Lawrence’s translation work for, 594and Revolt in the Desert, 614, 622n, 602–3and Seven Pillars, 555, 565, 567, 571, 572–73, 574, 575, 602–3, 614Jones, R. V., 630Jordan:Abdulla as first king of, 14, 16, 80, 277n, 405, 444, 511, 515, 518, 519, 520, 523, 524, 528–29British control of, 477, 529, 697creation of, 520–21, 537, 697, 698flag of, 272Hashemite Kingdom of, 511, 519impoverishment of, 698Joyce, James, Ulysses, 630Joyce, Pierce Charles:at Aqaba, 298, 357–58and Hejaz Operations StaГ, 374, 375Lawrence’s plans supported by, 299, 357–58, 408and military strategy, 381, 382, 390and Weizmann-Feisal meeting, 399Juheina tribe, 58Junner, Elizabeth, 124, 125–26Jurf el Derawish, railway line at, 364

Kafr Ammar, archaeological site at, 202–3Karachi, RAF in, 621–22, 623–24Karam Shah, 634Kennington, Eric:Lawrence’s friendship with, 508, 589, 590, 671and Lawrence’s funeral, 679Leicester Gallery display organized by, 621memorial to Lawrence by, 683–84and Seven Pillars, 511, 513, 522, 555, 598, 621Kenyon, Sir Frederic, 234Kerak, as military goal, 359Kerensky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich, 305Keynes, John Maynard, 200Khalid (at Tafas), 423–24Khalil Pasha, 5, 287, 288–90Khartoum, Sudan, 11–12King, H. C., 484Kipling, Rudyard, 494 Barrack Room Ballads, 535Kirkbride, British officer, 375Kissinger, Henry A., 515Kitchener, Herbert Horatio, 1st Earl Kitchener, 2and Carchemish site, 240death of, 291military career of, 7, 12and Palestine map survey, 63, 83, 232and plans for Arab Revolt, 10, 40, 256, 260–61protйgйs of, 251, 252, 271, 273, 285, 286strategic plans of, 83, 210, 240, 270and Turkish army at Kut, 5, 288and World War I, 244–46, 245, 262, 264, 265–66, 274Knightley, Phillip, 582nKorda, Sir Alexander, 590n, 668–69, 690n, 691–92Korda, Vincent, 668n, 669Korda, Zoltan, 668, 692Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich Freiherr, 285, 333Kurdistan, 517Kut al-Amara:siege of, 5, 277, 287–90, 455Townshend’s surrender at, 288, 289–90, 295

La Coupe d’Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider(Schneider Trophy), 642–43, 647, 648–50Lake, Sir Percy, 289Langner, Lawrence, 596Laughton, Charles, 668, 694, 695Laurie, Janet, 131, 159–61, 227, 490–91, 503–4, 529, 658Law, Bonar, 447Lawrence, Arnold W. (brother), 542, 553n, 693archaeology career of, 666birth and childhood of, 128, 133, 134at Clouds Hill, 613and parents ‘relationship, 117, 666and religion, 133and Seven Pillars, 618and T.E.’s accident and death, 678, 680, 683T.E.’s letters to, 217as T.E.’s literary executor, 583, 683, 684and T.E.’s sexual preferences, 159, 583, 584Lawrence, D. H., 495, 555, 688Lawrence, Frank (brother), 190, 226childhood of, 127, 128, 133, 134in Gloucester Regiment, 243killed in war, 117, 264–65, 491, 503and religion, 133T.E.’s cycling trip with, 177Lawrence, Montagu Robert (brother), 137, 160birth and childhood of, 116–17, 126, 128, 131, 134in medical profession, 228, 243as missionary in China, 133, 612, 613, 618, 630, 666at Oxford, 151, 219and parents ‘relationship, 116–17, 666T.E.’s letters to, 150, 217Lawrence, Sarah (mother):background of, 124–26, 144as governess, 122–23as missionary in China, 133, 612, 613, 618, 630, 666and money matters, 503personality of, 124, 129, 131, 142, 160, 303, 563–64religious views of, 132–33, 138, 143, 228, 281, 389, 491, 538, 681sons of, 123, 124, 127, 128, 132, 133–36, 143, 188, 689and T.E.’s father, 116–17, 123–24, 126, 130, 133, 143, 389, 666and T.E.’s letters, 148–51, 163–64, 169, 170–71, 177–78, 188–89, 190–91, 209, 239, 264–65, 322, 491and T.E.’s notoriety, 640, 666T.E.’s relationship with, 124, 129, 130, 134, 142, 143, 145, 146–47, 151, 171, 183, 201, 226, 228, 477, 490–91, 584–85, 587Lawrence, T. E., 665aging of, 655–57, 658in Arab garb, 21–22, 54, 95, 107, 108, 109–10, 215–16, 222, 300–301, 323, 341, 356, 382, 426, 452, 463, 465, 481, 596, 610, 623, 671archaeology as interest of, 136, 141–42, 144, 163, 182, 183, 185–86, 191–95, 201, 204, 210, 214, 221, 224, 225, 240–41architecture as interest of, 149, 167, 177as author, seeLawrence, T. E., writings ofbiographers of, 118, 140n, 142, 145, 151, 159, 170, 174–75, 188, 302, 321, 385, 442, 500, 564, 582n, 611, 624–25, 662, 664–65, 683, 687–90, 694–96birth of, 118, 120, 127, 152castles as interest of, 27–28, 29, 137, 149, 152, 167, 186, 198, 202celebrity of, 443, 492, 540, 556, 635–40, 643, 648, 649, 651–52, 658, 659, 667, 673–74, 679, 683, 684, 686–87, 688childhood of (as “Ned”), 117, 127–31, 133–35, 137civilian dress of, 516, 523Clouds Hill cottage of, 581, 587, 594, 595, 666, 672, 673–74and corporal punishment, 583–89, 657danger as addictive to, 175–76death and funeral of, 8, 637, 676–81diet of, 415ndiplomacy skills of, 404–5, 515–20, 524–30, 695, 696diverse interests of, 137, 144, 147–48emotions controlled by, 477, 522, 571, 610escape sought by, 478, 569, 571, 577, 626–27, 637, 659, 697, 698friendships of, 210–12, 508, 589–90, 597, 608–10, 644–46, 656, 670–71, 695, 696health problems of, 71, 72–74, 83–84, 170, 173, 198, 201, 202, 216, 217, 229, 289, 529height of, 140, 665hero status as goal of, 7, 61, 118–19, 139, 142, 144, 158, 163, 297, 377, 571, 573, 593, 610, 623, 686illegitimacy of, 118, 135, 138–39, 144, 170, 471, 535, 570, 666, 689injuries to, 139–40, 173–75, 218, 342–51, 601–2, 616Irishness claimed by, 666–67language facility of, 137, 147–48, 167, 178, 186, 187, 196, 197, 198–99, 234, 258and “Lawrence of Arabia” legend, 87, 95, 109, 113, 296, 297, 355–56, 388, 443, 479–82, 493–94, 496, 570, 623, 662, 684, 686, 695–97marriage proposed by, 159–61, 658memorials to, 683–84, 685mental anguish and depression of, 375–78, 379, 396, 400, 491–92, 528, 538, 565, 569, 574, 579–80, 590–91, 602military career of, seeLawrence, T. E., in British militarymiracle cures produced by, 196, 216, 219and money matters, 501–4, 513, 529–30, 538, 592, 602, 613–14, 628, 667and motorcycles, 559, 574, 581, 590, 595, 608, 609–10, 609, 612–13, 618, 640, 643–44, 659, 666, 676–77, 678names adopted by, 125, 126, 542, 577–78, 627nobituary of, 671as outsider, 6, 26, 95, 138, 147, 156, 251, 297, 389, 403, 404, 433, 492, 522–23, 536, 662, 673at Oxford, seeOxford Universityparents of, seeLawrence, Sarah; Lawrence, Thomasat Paris Peace Conference, 96, 137, 210, 439–40, 452–53, 457, 459, 462, 471–74, 476, 485, 698personal traits of, 6–7, 11, 25–26, 44, 69, 73, 79, 87, 93–94, 96, 107, 111, 131, 138, 145, 158, 182, 188, 201, 219–20, 227, 295, 302–3, 321, 409, 470–71, 480–81, 516, 560, 570, 571, 589–90, 608, 610, 645, 656, 659, 666–67, 695, 696as photographer, 61–62, 103, 144, 558–59portraits of, 397, 440, 441, 504, 671, 684, 685portrayals on stage or screen, 385, 495n, 690–94as prankster, 161–62, 208, 392, 471, 491a price on his head, 82, 91, 93, 96, 295, 332, 351, 358, 465, 481racial intolerance of, 223reading lists of, 28, 45, 205–6, 217–18, 401, 552, 630recognition and praise sought by, 505, 555, 614riding camels, 22–23, 27running away from home and joining the army (as teenager), 145–48scholarly research on life of, 694–96schooling of, 135–42sexual repression of, 158–59, 161, 210–12, 350, 362, 389, 571varying stories told by, 143, 174–75, 442–43, 445, 593, 687Lawrence, T. E., in British military:and Aqaba, 90–92, 95–103, 518Arabs shown respect by, 35, 56–57, 66, 94–95, 401, 403, 405Arabs taught by, 35n, 322, 531Blue Mist Rolls-Royce of, 360, 404, 431, 437bodyguard of, 358–59, 360, 367, 370, 385, 417, 425, 427in Cairo, 7, 252–55, 257–58, 261–63, 282–84, 291, 292, 297career of, 48–50, 112–13, 255, 383, 440, 485–86courage of, 96, 97, 99, 111, 295, 315, 390–91, 397, 402, 410, 695gold dagger of, 300–301, 310, 587in GSGS, 250–51, 252and guerrilla warfare, 29–30, 35n, 57, 61, 75–80, 93–94, 111, 219, 309–11, 314–18, 322, 325–27, 329, 330–40, 338, 352, 355, 359, 364, 396, 406–11, 412–13, 530, 686guilt felt by, 40–41, 91, 101, 119, 281, 400, 403, 435, 538, 610, 698high-level communication of, 7, 44–46, 53, 111, 210, 382, 443–45, 447–51, 472, 618–19, 626, 628, 633, 642honors and awards oГered to, 40, 67, 112–13, 119, 286, 353, 373, 383, 384, 447–50, 457–58, 486, 516, 518, 688influence of, 29–30, 49, 405, 514, 686–87initial commission of, 251–52, 254intelligence activities of, 7, 12, 49, 252–53, 255, 282–84, 297leadership abilities of, 57, 227, 295, 311, 315, 401, 403, 405, 646as mapmaker, 29, 83, 106, 232–39, 251, 254, 257, 258, 286, 291, 306–7, 533marksmanship of, 191, 226, 231men killed by, 55, 72–73, 74, 87, 393–94, 396–97, 421–22, 538, 610military texts read by, 28notes taken by, 36–38personal vs. official army strategy, 81–82, 83–84, 89, 90, 91, 282, 356, 400, 414in RAF, seeRoyal Air Forcereports by, 12, 43–44, 46, 220–21, 262–63, 283, 291, 320–22, 361–62, 369, 500, 527reputation of, 227, 228, 286, 295, 355, 382, 404, 443, 452, 473return to England, 443–51, 489–92, 533, 537–38in Royal Tank Corps, 576–81, 589, 591, 594, 597, 602strategic skills of, 7, 15, 27, 29, 36, 37, 41–42, 46, 60–61, 74–76, 81–82, 96, 102n, 307, 309–15, 370–73, 390–92, 396, 401–7, 518, 530–31, 580, 662, 696unappreciated by officers, 9, 29, 44, 49, 64, 251, 258, 302, 427–28, 432 see also specific sitesLawrence, T. E., writings of:film rights to, 634, 668–69, 691–94introduction to Doughty’s Arabia Deserta, 508Lawrence’s embellishments in, 442–43, 593, 687letters, 508–9, 619, 625–26, 627–28, 642, 656–57, 674, 687, 694–95; see also specific recipientsMinorities(poetry compilation), 653–54 ’e Mint, 537, 541, 544, 547–54, 620, 625, 633, 656, 687 Odysseytranslation, 102n, 151, 489, 605, 625, 633, 643, 655, 661–62 Revolt in the Desert, see Revolt in the DesertSeven Pillars, see Seven Pillars of Wisdomtalent demonstrated in, 73, 78, 139, 319, 320–22, 344, 464, 495, 557, 615, 620, 653, 661, 662, 687, 696translations from the French, 594“Twenty-Seven Articles,” 56“User’s Guide to RAF Seaplane Tender,” 409, 653Lawrence, Thomas [Chapman] (father), 115–18background of, 120–24baronetcy of, 118death of, 477, 502and Edith [Chapman], 126, 127estate of, 119–20and financial matters, 128, 130–31, 138, 167, 502–3, 530and his sons, 128–29, 131name of, 126and Richards, 157, 186, 189, 214and Sarah, 116–17, 123–24, 126, 130, 133, 143, 389, 666T.E.’s letters to, 113; see alsoLawrence, SarahT.E.’s relationship with, 142–45, 146–47, 151, 537–38, 586trips to Ireland by, 230, 502Lawrence, Thomas (Sarah’s father), 124–25Lawrence, William George (brother):birth and childhood of, 127, 128, 131, 133and Janet, 160, 490–91, 503missing, declared dead, 117, 282, 490–91, 503and religion, 133T.E.’s correspondence with, 150visit to Cairo by, 258, 263visit to Carchemish by, 225, 228–30and World War I, 243, 254, 282 Lawrence of Arabia(film), 385, 495n, 690–94Lean, David, 385, 495n, 690–91, 693, 694, 696Lebanon:British control of, 459French administration of, 507, 697French ambitions for, 38, 40, 81, 183, 256, 262, 275, 436, 442, 454, 458, 461–62, 486, 505impoverishment of, 698Maronite Christians of, 256, 269and military strategy, 100, 263Le Carrй, John, 183Leeds, E. T., 182, 185, 209, 215, 218, 225, 282, 320Legge, Lady, 238Leigh, Vivien, 690nLenin, V. I., 280Leopold, king of Belgium, 654Leopold, Prince, 136Lewis, British gun instructor, 311, 313, 317Lewis, C. S., 155nLibrary of Congress, U.S., 501, 683Libyan Desert, 358Liddell Hart, Basil Henry, 509, 665on British victories, 412 Colonel Lawrence, 74, 321, 442, 515, 657, 662, 665–66, 689, 696early years of, 663Lawrence’s correspondence with, 152, 656–57, 664on Lawrence’s expeditions, 82, 96, 174–75, 365, 373, 406on Lawrence’s military abilities, 28, 60, 61, 102n, 104, 359, 377on Lawrence’s outsider status, 404personal traits of, 664Lincoln, Abraham, 327Lippmann, Walter, 454nLloyd, George, 506at Aqaba, 327, 328, 329, 331and Arab Bureau, 284in Cairo, 252, 253, 255, 284Lloyd George, David, 271, 467, 477and Balfour Declaration, 399nand Churchill, 509–11and Clemenceau, 460–62, 507and Doughty, 557and French territorial claims, 486and Lawrence’s assignments, 527–28n, 689and military strategy, 70–71, 105, 297, 378and negotiated peace, 304, 305and Paris Peace Conference, 210, 460–61, 473as prime minister, 13, 59–60, 210, 443, 450, 509and Sykes-Picot agreement, 461, 507and Thomas’s film, 481–82and World War I, 381 London Gazette, 113Long Range Desert Group (LRDG), 309, 358, 686Lucas, Joseph, 613Lyttleton, Major, 107

M 31(Royal Navy), 59Maan:Arab victory at, 99–101as military goal, 379, 390, 394telegraph line cut to, 98Turks bottled up in, 359Mac Andrew, H. J. M., 414MacDonald, Ramsay, 674Macdonogh, Sir George, 444, 445Machiavelli, Niccolт, 457Mack, John E., 188, 582n A Prince of Our Disorder, 513, 695Mackenzie, Compton, 617Madeba, as military goal, 359Mahdi (Muhammad Ahmad), Dervish army of, 47Malleson, Miles, 691Malory, Sir Thomas, Le Morte d’Arthur, 179, 243, 401, 402, 630Mandela, Nelson, 449Manning, A. J., 671, 672Manning, Frederic, 265, 672Mao Tse-tung, 29, 309, 686maps:Aqaba-Maan Zone, 97Arabia, 3Battle of Tafileh, 369Hejaz railway, 308Northern Theater, 324Ottoman Empire (by Lawrence), 532–33Turkey’s lifeline, 75Mardrus, J. C., Mille et Une Nuits (’e Arabian Nights), 594Marlborough, Duke of, 60, 669Marsh, Edward, 452, 508, 511, 618, 625, 641, 656Marson, T. B., 575, 627, 674Mason, A. E. W., ’e Four Feathers, 319Maxton, James, 639Maxwell, Sir John Grenfell, 110, 254, 255, 257, 273, 282, 284–85, 322McBey, James, 440McCarthy era (Hollywood), 692McMahon, Sir Henry, 45, 47and Cox, 286as Egypt high commissioner, 7, 12, 246, 257, 266, 273Hussein’s correspondence with, 267–70, 272, 281, 399, 452, 453, 525and Sykes-Picot agreement, 280Mecca:closed to infidels, 10defense of, 37, 41, 47, 53“great Hajj road” to, 190holy city of, 10, 524Hussein as sharif of, 11, 19, 70, 88, 404isolation of, 260pilgrims to, 24, 190, 292sharia law in, 56Turkish surrender of, 292Turkish threats to, 59Medina:failure of attack on, 18, 19, 21, 35, 36, 53, 293holy city of, 10, 524“Pilgrim Road” from, 24railway to, 21, 24, 49, 51, 70, 75–76, 75, 79, 260, 293, 298, 307, 359, 379, 390, 395strategic thinking about, 37, 62, 70–71, 74–76, 81, 111Turkish control of, 59, 293Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 282, 285Mehmed Jemal Kuchuk Pasha “Jemal the Lesser,” 339Mehmet Talat Pasha, 398Meinertzhagen, Richard, 323, 325, 469–71, 512–13, 520, 583–84Merneptah stele, 204Mesopotamia:British control in, 40, 257, 444, 454, 458, 460, 474, 477, 505independent, as goal, 259Indian ambitions in, 256–57, 261intelligence gathering in, 286–87local uprisings in, 505, 506oil reserves in, 253, 257, 268, 279, 454Middle East:ancient hatreds within, 274and Balfour Declaration, seeBalfour DeclarationBritish history of failure in, 290–91British interests in, 506, 510brutality in, 34–35, 96, 290, 349Churchill as head of Colonial Office on, 510–21deteriorating events in, 504–7, 698European ambitions for, 38–40, 67, 81–82, 83, 112, 253, 266, 270, 275, 454, 468, 504–5, 697Lawrence as adviser to Churchill in, 510–13, 515–16, 520, 521, 524–30, 533, 539, 540, 625, 626, 671, 684, 689Lawrence’s achievements in, 530–33, 684, 686, 696–99Lawrence’s developing interest in, 163, 164, 166Lawrence’s first travel to, 166–76Lawrence’s incisive views on, 443–44, 451–52, 474, 505–7, 509, 527, 532–33, 625–26, 629–30oil in, 40, 253, 257, 268, 276, 279, 454, 461, 483, 484, 510, 517, 531, 698and Paris Peace Conference, 100, 460–61, 470, 473, 474, 476, 510San Remo conference on, 504and Sykes-Picot Agreement, 276–80, 361, 458, 486voices of women in, 389–90Weizmann-Feisal agreement on, 465–68 see alsoOttoman Empire; specific nations and tribesMijbil (guide), 341–42, 347, 348Mills, John, 694Mirren, Helen, 694Mitchell, Reginald J., 642–43Mitford, Nancy, 416n, 482Mitla Pass, 106Mohammed (Auda’s son), 80Mohammed Said el Kader, emir, 333, 400, 430, 433Moliиre, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, 663Montgomery, Bernard Law, 28, 483Morgenthau, Henry J., 475nMorocco, as French colonial possession, 48, 442Morris, William, 156–57, 159, 205–6, 212, 598Moses, 2, 63, 233, 237, 245Mosley, Lady Cynthia, 446Mosley, Sir Oswald, 667, 676Mosul:British control of, 398, 460, 461, 517French ambitions for, 454Motalga tribe, 367, 368, 370–72Mountbatten, Lady Louis, 670Mount Edgcumbe, Lord and Lady, 651Mudawara, raids on, 311–14, 319–20, 322, 344, 357, 375, 395, 403Muhammad (Prophet):descendents of, 259successors to, 256Muhammad Sharif al-Faruqi, 268, 283Murray, Sir Archibald:and Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 4, 45, 285at Gaza, 4, 70–71, 91, 104–5and Lawrence’s reports, 291and Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 282and military strategy, 5, 29, 285replacement by Allenby, 105, 108, 110, 297, 322Murray, Thomas, 140nMuslims, spiritual leadership of, 261

Nablus, British conquest of, 412Nakhl Mubarak, Arab army at, 54, 56, 57Napoleon Bonaparte, 235, 275Lawrence compared to, 28, 60, 61, 149, 515Lawrence’s studies of, 28, 29military strategies of, 366, 370, 411Naqib of Baghdad, 523Nasir, sharif of Medina, 399and attack on Aqaba, 99, 238journey to Aqaba, 82, 83, 89, 90, 95journey to Damascus, 428, 429journey to Wejh, 65at Sheikh Saad, 417, 424and tribal rivalries, 92on Turkish threat to Aqaba, 301Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 234Nazareth, British conquest of, 411–12Nefudh dunes, 86Nehru, Jawaharlal, 483Nelson, Flight Lieutenant, 546Nelson, Horatio Viscount Nelson, 112, 567, 686, 690Nesib el Bekri, 82, 89New, E. H., 167Newcombe, Stewart F.:as British military adviser to Feisal, 63, 65and Carchemish site, 240and Lawrence’s funeral, 679military skills of, 235mutual respect of Lawrence and, 64, 65, 90and Palestine map survey, 235, 236–38in Paris, 472and raids on railway to Medina, 70, 82and World War I, 250, 252, 254, 257Newspaper Proprietors Association, 673 New York Times, The, 636, 638Nicholas, Grand Duke, 289Nicholas I, Czar, 13Nicolson, Sir Arthur, 274–75Nicolson, Sir Harold, 274n, 475, 583, 656Nightingale, Florence, 449Northern Theater, map, 324Nuri as-Said, 364–65Arab regulars commanded by, 417cutting railway lines, 364, 410deportation to India, 259as former Turkish officer, 19as future prime minister of Iraq, 259at Tafas, 419, 424at Tafileh, 360, 365travel with Feisal to Europe, 457at Um el Surab, 415Nuri Shallan, Emir, 415, 417as Arab ruler, 88–89, 92, 403attacks on Turkish lines, 416, 428at Damascus, 429physical traits of, 91and tribal rivalries, 88Turkish connections of, 88, 89, 95

Obeid el Raashid, 18, 23, 26–27, 29, 30 Observer, The(London), 505 Odyssey(Homer), Lawrence’s translation of, 102n, 151, 489, 605, 625, 633, 643, 655, 661–62Official Secrets Act, 678Offit, Avodah, 140nO’Flaherty, Liam, 612Olivier, Sir Laurence, 690n, 692Oman, Charles, 165, 166 On the Waterfront(film), 692Orwell, George, Down and Out in Paris and London, 579Osler, Sir William, 219O’Toole, Peter, 693, 694, 695Ottoman Empire:archaeological sites in, 141, 184–85, 190, 199, 233, 239and British foreign policy, 12–13, 183, 260and British intelligence, 283and British Turcophiles, 12–13European ambitions for, 81–82, 270, 469, 697–98gun-running in, 218–19, 221as isolated and primitive for travelers, 168–69Lawrence’s first trip to, 168–76map by Lawrence, 532–33Sykes-Picot agreement on, 38, 40, 81, 276, 278–79, 504war rumors in, 202–3, 215war strategies against, 2, 253, 291, 531weaknesses of, 222, 224–25and World War I, 252Owen, Wilfred, 265Oxford:Ashmolean Museum, 136, 141, 155, 165, 182, 222, 223, 225, 675City of Oxford High School, 136–40, 144Lawrence family in, 128, 132, 497 Oxford Times, 539Oxford University:All Souls College, 119, 143, 185n, 484–85, 489–90, 491–92, 497, 503, 533, 557, 579, 587n, 681Bodleian Library, 618Jesus College, 153, 155–56, 162–65, 173–74, 176–77, 178, 182, 185–86, 202, 217Lawrence’s entrance into, 148, 151–52, 153Lawrence’s thesis in, 150, 163, 165, 176–77, 186, 202Magdalen College at, 185student life in, 154–55vanished world of, 491–92, 662Oxford University Officers’ Training Corps, 156, 158, 243Oxford University Press, 598

Palestine:borders of, 519–20, 524British control of, 412, 444, 451, 459, 460, 466, 474, 477, 505, 507, 509, 520, 697creation as separate entity, 697diverse populations of, 521–22flag of, 272holy sites in, 39, 466Jewish settlements in, 277, 306, 329, 451, 463, 466, 467, 468, 476, 509, 512, 520, 522, 531–32, 695Lawrence’s travels in, 171–72map survey of, 63, 83, 232–39as military goal, 100, 267military strategy between wars, 29national home for Jewish people in, 39, 399–400, 511, 520, 531–32, 697partition of, 39, 276, 329, 466political control of, 39, 280, 444, 458and Sykes-Picot agreement, 39, 276, 280, 451, 467Weizmann-Feisal agreement on, 465–68and Zionism, 280, 306, 328–29, 451, 458, 463, 466–67, 519–20, 524, 531Palestine Exploration Fund:mapping expedition, 63, 83, 232–41, 246report: ’e Wilderness of Zin, 241–42, 244, 250, 254Palmer, E. “Posh,” 606, 608Paris Peace Conference (1919), 468–78and Britain, 439–40, 453, 456–59, 462, 469, 475–76, 510Clemenceau at, 210, 460–61, 474and Council of Ten, 473–74and Feisal, 439, 452, 453, 455–59, 456, 459, 461, 468, 469, 472, 473–77and France, 439–40, 453, 456–59, 460, 469, 473–78and Lawrence, 96, 137, 210, 439–40, 452–53, 457, 459, 462, 471–74, 476, 485, 698Lloyd George at, 210, 460–61, 473Meinertzhagen at, 469–71and Middle East, 100, 460–61, 470, 473, 474, 476, 510scope of discussions at, 468–69TV film about, 694and Wilson, 210, 454, 458, 460, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476Parker, K. T., 675Patch, Blanche, 577Patton, George C., 694Peake, Frederick, 407, 409, 528–29Peerage Act (1963), 118Pepys, Samuel, 8Persia, oil in, 531Petrie, Flinders, 195, 197, 201, 202, 203–4, 222Philby, St. John “Jack,” 405n, 483, 484, 506, 529Pichon, Stйphen-Jean-Marie, 455, 461, 475Picot, seeGeorges-Picot, FranзoisPike, Manning, 598, 602, 611Pirie-Gordon, C. H. C., 167, 175Pisani, Rosario, 306, 419Plato, 630Pontius Pilate, 8, 353Poole, Reginald Lane, 155, 156Port Said, Lawrence’s travels in, 169, 175Pound, Ezra, 205, 672, 688Price, Hugh [Aprice], 152 Private Life of Henry VIII, The(film), 668PT boats, 649Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 62Pugh, Flight Sergeant, 608, 614, 616