Текст книги "ГУЛаг Палестины"
Автор книги: Лев Гунин
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Текущая страница: 23 (всего у книги 88 страниц)
"A diamond trader might launder $5 million every day without arousing special attention. it is difficult to monitor the deals, to locate the sources of the money and it is very difficult to infiltrate that closed field, which is based on personal acquaintance and trust."
Added to it is the fact that in the course of the past five years, the diamond industry on 47th Street has been in a deep slump, which put many traders into bankruptcy. "A trader like that," said an investigator, "faces the choice of bankruptcy or making easy, quick and relatively safe money. Not everyone is strong enough to withstand the temptation."
All of that would not have been of interest to us if not for the massive Israeli and Jewish presence on 47th Street. "At least 50% of the diamond traders there are Israelis," so an Israeli diamond merchant, who wishes to remain anonymous, told Maariv. "Not a few Israelis also operate in the field of jewels, precious stones and gold. All of them came to New York to make fast money, conquer the market, get their big break. Not all of them have succeeded, especially not recently." But the Jewish presence on 47th Street is much greater than that.
Experts in the field estimate that 75% to 80% of the active traders on the street are Jews. A large number of them are very pious Orthodox Jews, mainly Hassids. There is also a respectable representation of Jews from Iran and Syria, usually also very pious. One can get along fine in Hebrew on 47th Street. There are many more kosher restaurants in the area than in all of Tel Aviv. The place is also the biggest laundry for drug money in the US.
The expansion of the phenomenon of laundering drug money in the US in general, and on 47th Street in particular, led to the establishment of a special American task force to combat the phenomenon. The unit is called Eldorado, after the mythical South American city of gold. It is staffed with 200 agents, officials of the US customs and internal revenue agencies. Eldorado, established in April 1990, investigates the money– laundering in general. Fifty of its agents dedicate their time just to 47th Street.
"It is work that demands tremendous manpower," said Robert Van Attan, an Eldorado officer, "since the money has to be monitored along the length and breadth of the continent, sometimes also abroad." The target of the Eldorado agents is money, and money alone. They are not interested in drug imports, drug deals or drug dealers. "We want to put our hands on the money. To hit their pockets," – say members of the unit.
The task is difficult. In America there is no law that prohibits possessing money. On the other hand, when a large amount of cash is found in the possession of a launderer, the agents confiscate the money. If the person can prove that the source of the money was legitimate, he gets it back. That does not happen.
The launderers are experienced. When one of them is caught and several million dollars are found in his possession, he willingly hands over the money, but asks for a receipt. "The money is not mine. I want you to confirm that you took it," is the common request. Incidentally, their lives depend on that receipt. It is not a simple matter to trail them. The eyes of a typical launderer are glued to his rear-view mirror. He makes sudden stops, moves from one lane to another, chooses long and twisted routes from one place to another. Eldorado has an answer.
The investigators follow their targets with eight, ten, sometimes twelve vehicles. If necessary they use one or two helicopters. There is also sophisticated equipment, the wonders of American technology in the fields of tapping, surveillance and code-breaking. In the first two years of its operations, Eldorado captured $60 million and arrested 120 launderers. Compared to the scope of overall laundering, that is peanuts. "That is not the point," say the Eldorado agents. "Obviously, it is impossible, with the existing legal restrictions, to put an end to the phenomenon. Our warfare is psychological."
Incidentally, Eldorado is not the only agency combating money-laundering. The DEA, the American Drug Enforcement Agency, and the FBI, also conduct lively activity in that field. Not always is this activity coordinated.
In recent months the Eldorado agents discovered a new center of operations. It is called The Cocaine Triangle. Its sides are Colombian drug barons, Israeli-Jewish money launderers and Jewish-Russian mafiosi. The Colombians funnel the money, the Israelis launder it, the "Russian" mafiosi (who have recently overrun New York in droves) provide the security and the muscle. A New York journalist recently told Maariv: "The Israeli Jews are ataining notoriety in the money– laundering market. You need only look at the list of arrests and the indictments of the past 3-4 years, in order to grasp the enormous scope of Israeli involvement in this field."
One reason for the growing power of the Jews in the business of laundering drug money is the Law of Return with its easy possibility of escape to Israel. In May 1993, five members of the Jewish international laundering ring, which had worked with the Kali cartel, were arrested. The ring was exposed following an FBI "sting" operation, as part of which it established a dummy corporation called Prism, which served the gang for laundering money.
In the course of less than one year $22.5 million were laundered through the company. The head of the ring was an Israeli named Zion Ya'akov Evenheim, known as "Zero". Evenheim, who had a dual Israeli and Colombian citizenship, stayed in Kali, from where he coordinated the activity and supervised the transfers of money. Most of the ring's members were arrested in May 1993. Evenheim was arrested by Interpol in Switzerland and extradited to the US. He is cooperating with the FBI.
Additional Israeli detainees: Raymond Shoshana, 38, Daniella Levi, 30, Binyamin Hazon, Meir Ochayon, 33, Alex Ajami, 34. Many other suspects, to whom we will later return, escaped to Israel, and there are difficulties in extraditing them to the US.
In the course of the investigation, FBI agents recorded hundreds of hours of conversations in Hebrew among the Israeli suspects. For the purpose of translating the material, they employed, among others, Neil Elefant, a Jewish resident of New Jersey who had lived in Israel for some time and who spoke fluent Hebrew.
Elefant translated and translated, until one day in May 1992 he was amazed to discover among the speakers a friend, Jack Zbeida, a Jewish antiques dealer from Brooklyn, Elefant was in a difficult dilemma. He approached his rabbi, Elazar Teitz, who told him that his religious duty was to warn Zbeida. Elefant then secretly met Zbeida and told him that he was targeted by the FBI. Alex Ajami, an Israeli Jew who was one of the heads of the gang, was also present. Zbeida and Ajami hurried to the FBI offering to cooperate, turning in Elefant, who was arrested and charged with interfering with legal procedures.
He argued that one of the reasons for his decision to warn Zbeida was the zealousness, almost approaching anti-Semitism, which he found among the FBI agents trying to involve the State of Israel in drug affairs. Judge Kevin Duffy sentenced Elefant to I8 months' imprisonment. In the meantime the FBI was forced to arrest hurriedly all those involved in the affair.
In spite of their hurry, many Israeli Jews involved fled to Israel. Some few of the tens of Israeli and American Jews who fled to Israel on this occasion are: Raymond Shosliana, Adi Tal, David Va'anunu, his nephew Yisliai Vanunu, Ya'akov Cohen. Most of them came out of the affair with a lot of money which they also took to Israel.
The story of Adi Tal is worthy of elaboration. He is an impressive youth, handsome, with a good record in the army, a son of a fine Israeli family, formerly a security guard at El Al. All that did not hinder Tal from becoming involved in laundering drug money in 1988. In March 1988 the American authorities arrested I I members of the laundering ring, including Tal and his good friend Nir Goldstein, also an Israeli.
The investigators at the time said that Tal and his friends had operated cautiously, used aliases and codes and lived in constant fear. They would receive large amounts of money from Colombian couriers, divide the money into sums of $10,000 (any amount over 10,000 dollars that is deposited in an American bank requires a report), deposit the sums in banks and convert them into travelers' checks which they sent, by means of international couriers, to a dummy corporation in Panama. The most popular code which Tal's gang used was taken from the diamond industry. When information was transmitted about the transfer of a diamond of 30.4 carats, it meant the sum of $30,400. Tal worked for Jose Satro, the money launderer of the Kali cartel. The Colombians constantly pressured him to increase the scope of the laundering.
Tal was afraid. "He lived in constant fear, his bags were always packed and he was prepared to flee at any minute to Israel," one investigator said.
An important member of Tal's laundering ring was Rabbi Shalom Leviatan, a Lubavitch Hassid, head of their branch in Seattle. It is assumed that all the considerable political power of these Hassids and of their rebbe (then alive) was exerted in favor of that laundering ring.
"My intentions were good," Leviatan said after he was captured. "A person learns from experience," he added. According to him, he did not know that he was laundering drug money and he was certain that he helped Iranian Jews trying to smuggle their money out of Iran. Leviatan got out cheaply and was sentenced to 30 days' community service. Tal, who confessed to laundering $10 million, was sentenced to 52 months' imprisonment. He served his sentence at Danbury jail in Connecticut but he did not learn his lesson. When he was released, he joined a gang, which was captured in the FBI's "sting" operation. This time he managed to flee to Israel where he apparently remains to this day.
The gold and diamond industry has recently become the favorite of the drug barons, due to the numerous possibilities for laundering which it contains. One of the popular methods is laundering by means of trading in gold. This is how it works. The drug money is converted into gold, which is smuggled to Colombia, from where it is exported to Milano and used to make jewelry which then legitimately returns to 47th Street. "The funniest thing in this business," say the investigators, "is that the jewelry comes here under favored import conditions because the gold seemingly originates from Colombia and that state possesses favored terms of trade with tile US." There are also other methods. Drug money is deposited in the accounts of diamond merchants as though it were their profits and is later transferred to Colonibia.
Sophisticated diamond deals are made between various parties with the aiin of "releasing" large amounts of money on the side. Sums of less than $10,000 are deposited in various bank accounts, converted into travelers' checks and then transported to their final destination.
But in spite of the ingenuity, undoubtedly one of the most popular and successful ways to launder money is through Jewish religious institutions, such as yeshivas and synagogues. Since the majority of the 47th Street gold and diamond merchants are religious Jews the process is made easier. The Jewish religious institutions badly need funds. The Colombian drug traders can be generous. They transfer their drug money as donations, which go to the Jewish religious institutions one way and come out by the other way back to the donors. On the way, the synagogue or yeshiva obtains a respectable percentage for its pious uses. Everyone is happy, the drug barons who launder their money quickly and efficiently and the synagogue or yeshiva which makes easy money.
The first laundering operation in which a Jewish institute in New York was involved was exposed in 1984. A ring which laundered about $23 million while making a profit of $2 million operated at the oldest yeshiva in the city, Tifereth Yerushalayim, located in Manhattan. The laundering was performed for the Kali cartel. The contact man was David Va'anunu, mentioned in the context of the Prism affair, who worked with the cartel's major launderer, Jose Satro. The yeshiva's representative was a very pious Hassid, Mendel Goldenberger, who daily received cash from Va'anunu and deposited the money in the yeshiva's accounts.
Goldenberger, who claimed not to have known the source of the money, was convicted of forging bank documents and given five years' suspended imprisonment. Va'anunu was convicted, sentenced to eight years' imprisonment but released much earlier after he became an informer for the DEA. Later, as was stated, he ran into trouble again and fled the US. Nine persons were convicted in that affair, including Rabbi Israel Eidelman, Vice President of the yeshiva and some of its dignitaries. Tiferet Yer-ushalayim faced financial difficulties at that time. It leaders attempted to maintain the students by paying them from the laundered drug profits.
The phenomenon, incidentally, is very common among New York Jews. Many Jewish congregations are dying because their members are leaving the city or their former neighborhoods. Thus, the congregations are losing their sources of income and facing large debts. In that situation the road is short for the synagogue or yeshiva to launder drug money as a pious duty, since it means easy money and lots of it. "Laundering money is extremely beneficial to the yeshivas and other Jewish religious institutions," said a source close to the investigation. "They are in a difficult situation and therefore they turn a blind eye to the drug problem. They don't ask what the source of the money is as long as it keeps coming in."
The attitude of the pious Jewish community, according to the same source, is: "Drugs are sold anyway. As long as it does not harm our own community and only does good for it, it doesn't matter if we benefit from drug trade." The role of the Israelis is, in many cases, to make the connection between the religious Jewish communities of New York and the Colombians.
The Colombians are more satisfied with this method of laundering than with any other because, for political reasons, it is a relatively secure way of which it could be initially assumed that it was not going to be forcibly investigated by the US authorities. Only in July 1990 the situation began to change.
The Federal authorities renewed an investigation of some Williamsburg Hassids, owners of jewelry shops on 47th Street, who were suspected of laundering drug money. The investigation focused on the brothers Naftali, Naiklosh and Yitzhak Slilesinger, and on Ya'akov Shlesinger (Naftali's son) and Milon Jakloby, his nephew. The investigators found evidence of close connections between the Slilesingers and the Andonian brothers, members of a Colombian family accused of laundering, almost one billion dollars. The Shlesingers were suspected of laundering money by means of a subsidiary called Bali, through checks drawn from the account of "Camp Yereim" ["Camp of the Pious]" – a Hassidic summer camp in the Catskills.
Camp Yereim denies any connection with these checks. On April 7 of this year, Rabbi Abraham Lau, a prominent Hassid from "Magen Abraham" synagogue in Los Angeles was convicted of conspiring to launder drug money. Lau is married to the niece of the Satmar Rebbe, Moshe Teitlebaumi, who wields enormous political influence in New York State.
Unfortunately, Lau told an undercover FBI agent about a "sacred network" of Satmar Hassids in which other Orthodox Jews had also participated. The "sacred network", whose membership was strictly limited to pious Jews, operated in the 47th Street area in New York and was capable of laundering up to $5 million weekly, thanks to its widespread contacts with Jewish charitable institutions.
Unfortunately, law enforcement agents in New York do not believe that the "sacred network" and the many other Jewish laundering rings have any sanctity. In the past year the Federal activity concerning Israelis and Jews on 47th Street has greatly increased. The investigators now employ the services of many Hebrew translators since the rings, even if composed of native American Jews, employ only "the sacred language" for their operations.
Aharon Sharir is, undoubtedly, the major Israeli launderer. He was born in Iraq about 45 years ago, immigrated to Israel with his family at the age of one year, graduated from an Israeli high school, served with distinction in the army and became an expert in fixing delicate mechanical instruments used to mend gold jewelry.
In 1979, Sharir came to New York on a tourist visa with $6,000 in his pocket. He went into the gold business, established a small plant for manufacturing gold jewelry and did well. Then, through another Israeli diamond trader, he discovered the laundering business. Sharir reached a laundering activity of about $160,000 per day, six days per week (laundering is not done on the Sabbath), but in 1985 his wings were clipped when he was accused of having swindled a New York bank to the tune of $3 million. He quickly returned the money and was sentenced to a fine and a suspended prison sentence.
In 1988 Sharir's laundering activities reached amazing heights. His gold shop on 47tll Street became one of the greatest laundering centers in the entire US. "Three times a week," Sharir told the court at one of the many trials in which he is now testifying, "we received the cash. It used to arrive in canvas sacks, in cardboard boxes or in suitcases. Sometimes there were a million dollars in one shipment."
Roy Lopez, representing the Colombian cartels, would arrive from Miami equipped with a document sent from Colombia, which contained detailed coded instructions about where to send the money. "Even with automatic money-counting machines it was difficult to count the money," Sharir testified. "It arrived in bills of 5, 10 and 20 dollars. The bills, most of which had been used to sniff cocaine, had a strong odor of coke. A real stink. My employees could not stand it. Every 2-3 hours they had to take a break, go out for some fresh air, so as not to get ill."
Sharir's role was to see to it that the money would be transported out of the US and arrive in the bank accounts of the Colombian cartels in Panama and in Colombia. For that purpose he deposited money into his bank accounts, as though it was his profits from the shop, purchased assets for the use of the drug cartels, bought and sold gold at inflated prices from merchants who were part of the conspiracy and concealed money through various manipulations.
Finally, all the money was turned into checks drawn on the accounts of Jewish religious institutions. Sharir received from the Colombians 6 percent of the turnover for his labors. Within a short period of time he moved with his family to a luxurious house in Woodmere, on Long Island. He purchased a luxury Jaguar car, showered his wife Miryam with expensive jewels and donated lavishly to Jewish charities.
The troubles began in late 1988. In December his shop was raided by American customs and internal revenue agents, after they received notice from his banks concerning the volume of his deposits. They brought dogs to sniff out drugs, carried out a meticulous search of the offices and took away cars full of documents. Sharir did no lose his cool. While the agents were milling around his offices, he managed to conceal $600,000, which were in his bank account at the time and to transfer the money to a safe place. Simultaneously, Sharir fell out with his Colombian operators who claimed that he stole $26 million of their drug money. Sharir, who denied the accusation, hired an Israeli professional investigator, Lihu Ichilov, to solve the mystery. Ichilov soon became Sharir's partner. He flew to Panama, established two dummy corporations there, opened bank accounts and improved the laundering routes.
Following the Federal agents' raid on his offices Sharir did not give up. Within two weeks he opened two other offices on 47th Street and resumed work. When asked by one of his lawyers how he had expected to escape the attentions of the law, Sharir replied: "I changed my system and believed that now, with God's help, I would never be caught." Sharir's new system included Rabbi Yosef Crozet whom we discussed earlier. Crozer's big mouth brought Sharir down, and he was arrested in March 1990. Crozer also led to Sharir confessing to having laundered $200 million. His wife Miryam was arrested together with him. Sharir, under the pressure of the interrogation, agreed to cooperate in exchange for his wife's release and the cancellation of the charges against her. The prosecution agreed.
It was an extremely good deal as far as the prosecution was concerned. For three months Sharir fed the Federal investigators with most valuable information concerning the Jewish laundering industry. The information included names, methods of operation, codes, and bank accounts. Sharir led them to the exposure of what is termed the new "cocaine triangle".
His information led to the incrimination of more than 35 Jewish launderers, the capture of $10 million and the breakup of numerous Jewish-laundering rings. Among others, Sharir incriminated the biggest laundering shark in the history of the US, Stephan Scorkia. The information given by Sharir, who testified at his trial, directly led to his conviction. Scorkia was charged with laundering $300 million, and was sentenced to 660 years' imprisonment.
Sharir is now enrolled in the US witness protection program. He lives under an assumed identity, has been released on bail, travels under heavy security between New York, Rhode Island, Arizona and other states, testifies in criminal trials and goes on.
His wife Miryam divorced him shortly after the affair erupted. She refuses to comment on the matter and told the Daily News: "I have no intention of talking. I divorced Aharon in order to distance myself from him and from his friends, and that is exactly what I am doing."
Sharir was directly responsible for the flight of at least 35 Colombians from the US back to Colombia. One of the escapees was Duvan Arbolda, one of the Kali cartel's major launderers. Arbolda was charged in a Manhattan court of laundering on a vast scale, following Sliarir's testimony. Afler he completes his testifying, Sharir himself will stand trial.
The prosecution will agree to a very low sentence, but this does not improve his chances of survival. "At present, Aharon Sharir heads the Kali cartel's wanted list," said an American customs official. Charges have also been served against Lihu Ichilov, Sharir's partner. However, Ichilov fled to Israel on the eve of his trial, in January 199 1. That was the period of the Gulf War and the judge, Richard Owen, who tried Ichilov in absentia, said: "Mr. Ichilov apparently prefers to face the horror of Scud missiles falling on Israel than the American justice system."
Note 1. The Satmar Hassidic sect fiercely opposes Zionism. The present rabbi's uncle and predecessor (the position of a rabbi among the Hassids is limited to the members of "the sacred family"), Yoel Taitelbaum, had published learned books in which Zionism was described as an invention of Satan, Israeli victories (especially the one in the Six Day War) were attributed solely to the direct help given to the Israeli army, while the Holocaust was being "justified" as the Divine punishment of the Jews for the sin of some of them becoming Zionists. The present rabbi, although formally continuing the teachings of his uncle, has the most amicable relations with the Israeli government. //
//Мнение автора данной работы сильно отличается от однозначной оценки других экспертов и сторонников безоговорочного осуждения "мирового еврейского криминального заговора". На девяносто процентов ряды еврейских аферистов, жуликов, отмывателей грязных мафиозных денег до 1998-99-го годов состояли из Робин Гудов, романтических искателей приключений и мечтателей о перераспределении денег в обществе, где нет справедливости и правды. Одержимые пассией "делать добро", вырвать деньги у богатых, у тех, у кого их слишком много, и отдать их бедным и обездоленным, эти люди в своем большинстве стремились получить мафиозные деньги для того, чтобы стредства эти передать на благотворительные нужды. Это касается не только отмывателей грязных денег, но и величайших в истории мошенников, которые по поддельным бумагам, путем хитроумных, остроумных махинаций преуспевали в получении путем мошенничества десятков миллионов долларов, чтобы эти деньги отдать потом на благотворительные нужды. На этом этапе не существовало никакого конспиративного участия государства Израиль и еврейской (в частности, израильской) криминальной мафии. Однако, на этапе вмешательства полиции и раскручивания машины возмездия появлялись израильские мафиози и – в симбиозе с ними – государство Израиль, которые захватывали львиную долю находящихся в руках подобных Робин Гудов средств в обмен на помощь и убежище. Как правило, к уголовному еврейскому Робин Гуду на этом этапе приставлялась израильская шавка, стукач-надсмотрщик, чаще всего сотрудник Моссада (в деле рабби Шарира, например, – Ихилов), который держал свою жертву собачей хваткой уже до самого конца. Существует мнение, что государство Израиль само выбирало заранее своего подельника, просто он об этом не знал. Следующий этап перевод уголовных денег в Израиль и (в большинстве случаев) – самого их "коллекционера". И только примерно 1998 года возникло новое явление: моссадовско-мафиозные группы повсюду подменили частных еврейских проходимцев и Робин Гудов, взяв посреднические операции отмывания денег наркомафии полностью в свои руки. Это было сделано для того, чтобы не допускать в эту область людей со стороны, влекомых собственной, не санкционированной Израилем, инициативой. Так как государство Израиль через свою разведку занимается этим с самого начала своего существования, ему не выгодно, чтобы деятельность частных еврейских уголовников привлекала слишком много внимания к вовлеченности государства Израиль в деятельность международной наркомафии. В то же время Израиль оставил для себя возможность и далее прибегать к услугам американских евреев – ювелиров и мелких финансистов – для своих будущих криминальных операций. Но даже при наличии частной, не связанной с Израилем, подобной деятельности, она получает скрытое одобрение и даже поддержку со стороны Израиля в любом случае: потому что Израилю выгодно, чтобы еврейские общины богатели, тогда будет, кого доить, и можно будет выбивать из еврейских общин в рассеянье больше денег на Израиль.
Конец дополнения//
Так вот, те люди в странах Запада, которые заинтересованы в бесперебойном отмывании грязных денег, уклонении от налогообложения и в том, чтобы в Израиле не произошло демократизации, которая может рано или поздно вскрыть все эти вещи, и составляют то лобби, что подавляет всякие попытки признания западными демократиями чудовищной, фашистско-расистской, пиратской, криминальной природы современного израильского государства; международный валютный фонд, надправительственная организация, которая обладает огромной экономической и политической властью в западных странах, косвенно подстёгивает отмывание грязных денег в Израиле, так как заинтересована в возвращении себе тех займов, которые эта организация предоставляет развивающимся странам. Кроме того, в западных странах существует еврейское лобби, по идеологическим причинам и по причине своей заскорузлой консервативности /вспомним хотя бы бездействие в деле спасения евреев Европы от уничтожения/ не желающее признать факта дискриминации определённых этнических групп в Израиле и препятствующее огласке таких фактов. Кроме того, это лобби если не контролируется, то, по крайней мере, в значительной степени находится под влиянием тех, кто имеет свою выручку от преступной деятельности. Это сплочённая, монолитная сила, хорошо организованная и поэтому результативная; помимо того, после войны в Израиль устремились, косвенно судя не двум книгам, одну из которых я просмотрел в Библиотеце Народовой в Варшаве и которой поначалу не поверил, а вторую – в Вльнюсе, масса нацистских преступников – полицаев, членов юденратен, гестаповцев, эсэсовцев, коллаборационистов и других, – обласканных и принятых Бен-Гурионом. Там же, в Варшаве, я познакомился с чехом Новачеком, который верит в то, что в Израиль после войны бежали тысячи военных преступников. Уже находясь в Израиле, я познакомился с человеком, который занимался расследованием этих же фактов, к которым он добавил ласковый приём в 1970-е годы левацких террористов и укрывание их на территории страны. Этот человек – уже после встречи со мной – был сбит машиной, теперь он инвалид, его имя я называть не могу. Так вот, нацисты, бывшие агенты "Штази", "Секуритате" /по моим сведениям в избытке прибывшие в Израиль/, другие подобные им группы чувствуют себя свободно и безопасно в Израиле лишь до тех пор, пока тут существует такой страшный тоталитарный режим, поэтому заинтересованы в его сохранении и подавлении информации о расизме, пытках, широчайшем нарушении прав человека в Израиле. Их лобби /в том числе и российские черносотенные организации/ в разных странах не допускает появления в печати этих стран фактологического материала о нацизме и расизме в Израиле. "Сионистский Форум" Натана Щаранского превратился в преступную организацию, неразрывно связанную с государственными структурами страны и состоящую, по-видимому, на службе у "ШАБАКА". И всё это – не считая возможностей самого израильского государства, его разведывательных служб, его политических агентов, его агрессивной дипломатии и пиратских приёмов, репрессивных мер и неразборчивости в средствах!!!
– Лев Гунин. ГУЛАГ Палестины. Гл.1У – В Ы Ш К А – стр.112
