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Внутренний мир снаружи: Теория объектных отношений и психодрама
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Текст книги "Внутренний мир снаружи: Теория объектных отношений и психодрама"


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Практическая философия для психодрамы

Психодрама, уходящая своими корнями в экзистенциальную философию Мартина Бубера и Морено (Cooper, 1990), поощряет многие из таких установок.

Многие люди (нередко терапевты с психоаналитической подготовкой) задавали мне вопрос, как я могу провести короткую психодраматическую мастерскую и больше никогда не вернуться к этой группе. Они чувствовали, что я должен и дальше заботиться о протагонисте.

Я отвечал, что такое поведение поощряет независимость от меня членов терапевтической группы. В конечном счете, каждый из нас, насколько это возможно, сам должен взять на себя ответственность за свои поступки и свое будущее. Это такая же правда для протагониста, как и для любого человека с улицы. Но это вовсе не значит, что я не забочусь и не беспокоюсь о членах моей группы. Это не так: на самом деле я могу даже предложить им поддержку или дальнейшую помощь. Но настоящее эмоциональное развитие происходит только в результате признания нами собственной независимости от других людей, что и делает нас взрослыми.

И все же следует сказать, что помочь определенным людям в преодолении их эмоциональных проблем можно лишь при развитии в них глубоких отношений с терапевтом и некоторой зависимости от него. Я сомневаюсь, что отец Рольф самостоятельно добился бы большого прогресса, ограничившись короткой серией психодраматических сессий.

Все мы нуждаемся иногда в помощи и поддержке. В психодраме и то, и другое можно получить от членов группы, а за ее пределами – от семьи и друзей. Сложившийся характер подразумевает, что мы одновременно все больше полагаемся на самих себя и расширяем и углубляем отношения, способные поддержать.

Таков аспект экзистенциальной философии в психодраме – философии, у которой, на мой взгляд, нет никаких разногласий с психоаналитическим пониманием человеческой личности.

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Литература по психодраме

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Yablonsky, L. (1976) Psychodrama: Resolving Problems Through Role-Playing, New York: Gardener Press.


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