Текст книги "Проклятие Тутанхамона"

Автор книги: Эндрю Коллинз

Соавторы: Крис Огилви-Геральд
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⁵⁴Gunduz, pp. 2, 12, 37, 51, 119, 131

⁵⁵Ibid., p. 83, 118-19.

⁵⁶Num. 1: 1.

⁵⁷Num. 9: 1.

⁵⁸Num. 10: 12.

⁵⁹Num. 10: 33, 35.

⁶⁰Easton, s.v. «Paran», p. 521.

⁶¹Num. 11: 35.

⁶²Num. 13: 21.

⁶³Num. 13: 26.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТАЯ. В ПОИСКАХ ВЫСОТЫ

¹Num. 20: 16.

²Num. 20: 11.

³Num. 20: 8.

⁴Num. 20: 11.

⁵Num. 27: 14; Deut. 32: 51-2.

⁶Num. 27: 14.

⁷Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Meribah», pp. 458-9.

⁸Deut. 32: 51.

⁹Stanley, Sinai and Palestine in connection with their history, p. 67.

¹⁰The Koran, Sura 2: 60.

¹¹Zayadine, «Caravan Routes Between Egypt and Nabataea and the Voyage of Sultan Baibars to Petra in 1276» in Hadadi, Studies in the history and Archaeology of Jordan, II, p. 173, quoting al-Nuwairi's MS No. 1578, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.

¹²Ibid, p. 169.

¹³Ibid, p. 170. al spring is more likely to be the true site of Ain Musa.

¹⁴Josephus, Antiquities oj the Jews, I, xii, 4.

¹⁵Zayadine, p. 173, Quoting Nuwairi.

¹⁶Browning, Petra, p. 128.

¹⁷Stanley, p. 95.

¹⁸Stanley, p. 89, quoting Sheikh Mohammed, source unknown.

¹⁹Zayadine, p. 173, Quoting Nuwairi.

²⁰2 Kings 14: 7; 2 Chron. 25: 11–12.

²¹Zayadine, p. 167.

²²Browning, pp. 26—7.

²³Finkelstein and Silberman, The Bible Unearthed, p. 63.

²⁴Ibid.,'pp. 95—6.

²⁵The Targums of Onkelos, Jonathan and Jerusalem refer to Kadesh-barnea as Rekem-Giah, «of the ravine». See Stanley, p. 94 n. 3.

²⁶Nielsen, The site of the biblical Mount Sinai: A claim for Petra, p. 9, cf. the Targum of Deut. 1: 19.

²⁷Rekem, or Rokan, was an ancient name for Petra, see Jerome, De hoc. Heb voc. Petra and Rekem, quoted in Stanley, p. 94 n. 3. See also Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, IV, vii, 1, who states that Petra was called Arecem, after a Midianite king named Rekem. He says also that Mount Hor lay above Arke, i.e. Arecem, or Rekem.

²⁸Browning, p. 114.

²⁹Stanley, p. 94 n. 3, cf. Schwarz, pp. 23—4.

³⁰Josephus, iy iv, 5.

³¹Ibid., IV, iv, 6.

³²Ibid.

³³Ibid., IV, iv, 7.

³⁴Jerome, De hoc. Heb. Voc. Petra and Rekem, as quoted in Stanley, p. 94 n. 3 & 4.

³⁵Num. 20: 1.

³⁶Ex. 17: 1. 37» Ex. 17: 6–7.

³⁷Ex. 17: 6–7.

³⁸Stanley, p. 95.

⁴⁰Browning, р. 185.

⁴¹Ibid.,p. 211.

⁴²Ibid., p. 212.

⁴³Ibid.

⁴⁴For instance, see The Koran, Sura 2: 54, 28: 17.

⁴⁵Browning, p. 212.

⁴⁶Ibid., pp. 214-16.

⁴⁷Ex. 24: 5.

⁴⁸Ex. 24: 6.

⁴⁹Browning, p. 213.

⁵⁰Ibid., pp. 215-16.

⁵¹Ibid., p. 216.

⁵²Nielsen, p. 16.

⁵³The betyl is orientated at an angle of 251 degrees from north.

⁵⁴Nielsen, p. 16.

⁵⁵Ibid.

⁵⁶Ibid.

⁵⁷Ibid.

⁵⁸Ibid. See also Nielsen,

⁵⁹Glueck, The Other Side of the Jordan, p. 178.

⁶⁰Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar, an archaeologist and tour guide from Wadi Musa, in March 2002.

⁶¹See Robertson Smith, The Religion of the Semites, pp. 201—12, for a full account of the veneration of pillars among the early Semites.

⁶²Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 2002.

⁶³Browning, pp. 46—7.

⁶⁴Ibid., pp. 108, 210-11.

⁶⁵Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 2002.

⁶⁶Browning, p. 48.

⁶⁷Gunduz, «The Knowledge of Life», JSS 3 (1994), pp. 83, 118-19.

⁶⁸Ibid.,p. 154.

⁶⁹Ibid., p. 138.

⁷⁰Ibid., p. 154.

⁷¹Rev. 17: 3–6. For the association between Venus and Babylon see Hislop, The Two Babylons, or the papal worship proved to be the worship of Nimrud and his wife, pp. 5–6. ⁷²Nielsen, p. 21.

⁷³Nielsen, p. 21.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ПЕРВАЯ. ДОМ БОЖИЙ

¹See Nielsen, Die altarabische Mondreligion und die mosaische Ueberlieferung 1904, pp. 171—6.

²Num. 20: 22.

³Num. 20: 25–29.

⁴Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, IV iv, 6–7; IV, vii, 1.

⁵Ibid., IV, iv, 7.

⁶Deut. 32: 51-2.

⁷Deut. 34: 1–5.

⁸Deut. 52: 50.

⁹Nielsen, The Site of the Biblical Mount Sinai: A claim for Petra, p. 19.

¹⁰This story of Nabi Harun was related to Andrew Collins by Mu» tasim Nawafleh, the head barman of the Petra Forum Hotel, Petra, in March 2002.

¹¹Browning, Petra, p. 172.

¹²Nielsen, 1928, p. 22; Ex. 24: 9.

¹³Ex. 24: 10.

¹⁴Ex. 24: 15.

¹⁵Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 2002.

¹⁶Ibid.

¹⁷Ibid.

¹⁸Ex. 3: 5.

¹⁹Phillips, The Moses Legacy.

²⁰Browning, p. 212.

²¹Ibid., pp. 196-7.

²²Nielsen, 1928, pp. 15–16.

²³Ibid., pp. 15–16,18-19-

²⁴Ех. 15: 17, trans. Propp, Exodus 1—18: A New Translation with Introduction andCommentary, p. 22.

²⁵Giveon, Les Bedouins Shosou des documents Egyptians, p. 28.

²⁶Ibid., p. 236.

²⁷Habak 3: 3.

²⁸Gen. 36: 11, 15,42.

²⁹Amos 1: 12.

³⁰Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Bozrah», p. 107.

³¹Jer. 49: 7; Ezek. 25: 13.

³²Obad. 8–9.

³³Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, s.v. «Phoenicians», ix, p. 893.

³⁴Sanchoniatho, in Philo, as quoted in Cory, Ancient Fragments, p. 4.

³⁵Gen. 25: 25.

³⁶Gen. 25: 27.

³⁷Sanchoniatho, in Philo, as quoted in Cory, p. 5.

³⁸Ibid.

³⁹Ex. 18: 1.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ВТОРАЯ. ЗАВОЕВАНИЕ ХАНААНА

¹Num. 14: 45; 21: 3.

²Num. 21: 1–2.

³Odelain and Seguineau, Dictionary of Proper Names and Places in the Bible, s.v. «Arail, p. 34; s.v. «Hormah», p. 164.

⁴Num. 21:4.

⁵Num. 21: 11.

⁶Finkelstein and Silberman, The Bible Unearthed, p. 64.

⁷Ibid.

⁸Num. 21: 4.

⁹Num. 21: 11.

¹⁰Num. 23: 1–6.

¹¹Deut. 34: 1–4.

¹²Deut. 34: 5.

¹³Deut. 34: 6.

¹⁴Num. 25: 3; Josh. 22: 17–18.

¹⁵Num. 25: 1–6; 31: 16. ¹⁶Num. 25: 9.

¹⁷Num. 32: 39.

¹⁸Num. 21: 33-5.

¹⁹Num. 22: 2,4.

²⁰Jos. 9: 17–27; 10: 12–13.

²¹Jos. 10: 28–39.

²²Num. 31: 1-12.

²³Num. 21: 25.

²⁴Num. 21: 33.

²⁵Jos. 5: 10–15; 6: 1-27.

²⁶Jos. 7: 2–5; 8: 1-29.

²⁷Jos. 11: 10–13.

²⁸Jos. 11: 11–13.

²⁹Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Lachish», p. 413.

³⁰Jos. 10: 31-2.

³¹Silberman, «Visions of the Future: Albright in Jerusalem», BA 56:1 (1993), pp. 8-16.

³²See, for example, Redford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times, p. 265.

³³See Alt, Essays on Old Testament History and Religion.

³⁴Silberman, 1992, pp. 25—6.

³⁵Mendenhall, «The Hebrew Conquest of Palestine», BA 25:3 (1962), pp. 66–87.

³⁶Ibid., p. 73.

³⁷Ibid.

³⁸See Gottwald, The Tribes ofYahweh.

³⁹Mendenhall, p. 73.

⁴⁰Ibid.

⁴¹Ibid., p. 74.

⁴²Ibid.

⁴³Finkelstein and Silberman, p. 104.

⁴⁴Mazar, «The «Bull Site» – An Iron Age I Open Cult Place», BASOR 247 (1937), pp. 27–42. See also ibid., p. 109-

⁴⁵Mazar, p. 30.

⁴⁶Finkelstein and Silberman, p. 109.

⁴⁷Ibid., p. 119.

⁴⁸Ibid.

⁴⁹Ibid., pp. 43-7.

⁵⁰Ex. 12: 37

⁵¹Finkelstein and Silberman, pp. 112—13. See also Silberman, «Who Were the Israelites?», Archaeology 45:2 (1992), pp. 22–30.

⁵²See Whitelam, The Invention of Ancient Israel: The Silencing of Palestinian History, pp. 164—7.

⁵³See Finkelstein and Silberman, p. 129.

⁵⁴Josephus, Wars of the Jews, VI, ix, 3.

ЧАСТЬ ПЯТАЯ. СИОН

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ТРЕТЬЯ. ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ В СИОН

¹Comay, Who's Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament, s.v. «Rothschild family», p. 313.

²Luke, 21: 25.

³Luke, 21: 26—8.

⁴See Gidney, The history of the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews from 1809 to 1908.

⁵Michell, Eccentric Lives and Peculiar Notions, p. 169.

⁶Ibid., p. 170.

⁷Herzl, Derjudenstaat: Versuch einer modemen Losung der Judenfrage… Dritte Auflage.

⁸Ps. 137: 5. See Weizmann, Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann, p. 125.

⁹Dugdale, Arthur James Balfour: First Earl of Balfour, etc., vol. 1, pp. 434—5.

¹⁰Weizmann, p. 164.

¹¹Ibid, p. 165.

¹²Ibid, p. 192.

¹³Dugdale, p. 433.

¹⁴Ibid.

¹⁵Weizmann, p. 200.

¹⁶Ibid., pp. 191, 224.

¹⁷Ibid., pp. 191–192.

¹⁸Pope and Wheal, The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War, s.v. «United States of America», p. 487.

¹⁹John, Behind the Balfour Declaration: The Hidden Origins of Today's Mideast Crisis, p. 58.

²⁰Landman, Great Britain, the Jews and Palestine, p. 4.

²¹John, p. 58.

²²Ibid., p. 59.

²³Landman, p. 4.

²⁴John, p. 60.

²⁵Ibid.

²⁶Ibid., pp. 62—3.

²⁷Ibid., p. 63.

²⁸Landman, p. 5.

²⁹Landman, p. 4.

³⁰Ibid., p. 5, cf. the Franco-British Convention, December 1920 (Cmd. 1195).

³¹Ibid.

³²John, p. 67.

³³Ibid.

³⁴Weizmann, p. 256.

³⁵Ibid., p. 266.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ЧЕТВЕРТАЯ. ДАМОКЛОВ МЕЧ

¹See Graves, Lawrence and the Arabs.

²Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 293.

³See Westrate, The Arab Bureau: British Policy in the Middle East, 1916—20.

⁴Weizmann, p. 319.

⁵Ibid., quoting an account from 1923 by Philip Graves, Times correspondent at the time of the Jerusalem pogrom.

⁶Ibid., p. 320, quoting an account from 1923 by Philip Graves, Times correspondent at the time of the Jerusalem pogrom.

⁷Ibid, pp. 348-9.

⁸Ibid, p. 349.

⁹Ibid, pp. 350-1.

¹⁰Ibid, p. 350.

¹¹Ibid, p. 351.

¹²Ibid.

¹³Ibid, pp. 351—2.

¹⁴Ibid, p. 343.

¹⁵Ibid, p. 353.

¹⁶Ibid, p. 355.

¹⁷Ibid, p. 348.

¹⁸Ibid, p. 360.

¹⁹Ibid, p. 364.

²⁰Shepherd, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine 1917–1948, p. 39.

²¹Ibid.

²²Ibid.

²³The reference here to the «Egyptian Government» does not, of course, mean theZaghlul government of 1924, but the one officiating in Tutankhamun's day.

²⁴From Lee Keedick's memoirs, headed «Howard Carter».

²⁵Ibid.

²⁶Weizmann, p. 562.

²⁷Hoving, Tutankhamun – The Untold Story, p. 348.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ПЯТАЯ. СУДЬБА ПРОПАВШИХ ПАПИРУСОВ

¹From Lee Keedick's memoirs, headed «Howard Carter», c. 1924.

²Ferguson, The House of Rothschild: The World's Banker 1849–1998, p. 247.

³Carnarvon, No Regrets, p. 6.

⁴Greenwood, Highclere Castle, «Smoking Room»: «The table was probably brought to Highclere by the fifth Countess who was an illegitimate daughter of the wealthy Alfred de Rothschild».

⁵Identified by the authors during a visit to Highclere on Friday, 3 August 2001.

⁶Ferguson, p. 247; Carnarvon, pp. 6, 115.

⁷Ibid., p. 21.

⁸Ibid.

⁹Hyde, Norman Birkett: The Life of Lord Birkettpf Ulverston, p. 149.

¹⁰Ibid.

¹¹Ibid., pp. 133-56.

¹²Personal interview between Tony Leadbetter, a surviving godson of Almina, Countess of Carnarvon, and the authors on 3 August 2001.

¹³Ibid..

¹⁴Personal interview between Tony Leadbetter and the authors on 3 August 2001.

¹⁵The Egyptian Gazette, 30 March 1923.

¹⁶Ferguson, p. 247.

¹⁷Comay, Who's Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament, Rothschild Family, p. 307.

¹⁸Ferguson, p. 281.

¹⁹Comay, SV, Rothschild Family, p. 313.

²⁰Ferguson, p. 452.

²¹Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 205.

²²Ibid., p. 204.

²³Hoving, Tutankhamun – The Untold Story, p. 221. Hoving accepts that Carnarvon's decline in health began prior to the fatal mosquito bite that led eventually to Carnarvon's unexpected death. Email. from Thomas Hoving to Chris Ogilvie-Herald dated 18 July 2001.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ I. СМЕРТЬ ТУТАНХАМОНА

¹See Carter, The Tomb of Tut. ankh.Amen, II, pp. 106—40; Deny, «Report upon the Examination of Tut.ankh.Amen's Mummy», in Carter, II, pp. 143—61.

²Brier, The Murder of Tutankhamen: A 3000-year-old Murder Mystery, pp. 166—7.

³Ibid, р. 167.

⁴RG Harrison's comments quoted in ibid, p. 165.

⁵Ibid. pp. 172-3.

⁶Ibid, p. 172.

⁷Ibid, p. 173.

⁸Ibid.

⁹Giiterbock, «The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son Mursili IVJCS 10 (1965), pp. 41-130.

¹⁰Ibid, pp. 107—8, Fragment 31, Bo 4543 and 9181.

¹¹Ibid, p. 94, Fragment 28, Kbo V 6, Aiii.

¹²Aldred, Akhenaten: King of Egypt, p. 221.

¹³See, for instance, Aldred, p. 221.

¹⁴See, for instance, Mahdy Tutankhamun: The Life and Death of a Boy King p. 301.

¹⁵Ibid, p. 174.

¹⁶Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews, II, p. 297.

¹⁷Weigall, Tutankhamen and Other Essays, p. 116.

¹⁸Ginzberg, II, p. 297.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ II. ВОЗДЕРЖАНИЕ ОТ СВИНИНЫ И КУЛЬТ СЕТА

¹Hesse, «Pig Lovers and Pig Haters: Patterns of Palestinian Pork Production», JE 10:2(Winter 1990), pp. 195–225. For a full distribution of Iron Age pig remains see Table 3, pp. 215—16.

²Finkelstein and Silberman, The Bible Unearthed, pp. 119—20.

³Ibid, p. 119.

⁴See Finkelstein, «Ethnicityand Origin of the Iron Settlers in the Highlands of Canaan,» BA 59:4 (December 1996), p. 206.

⁵Finkelstein and Silberman, pp. 119—20.

⁶See Hunn, «The Abominations of Leviticus Revised: A Commentary on Anomaly in Symbolic Anthropology», in Ellen and Reason, eds. Classifications in their Social Context, 1979, pp. 103–116.

⁷Lev. 11: 7–8.

⁸Deut. 14: 8.

⁹Vaux, The Bible and the Ancient Near East, p. 267.

¹⁰See Hesse.

¹¹Blaisdell, «Abominable and relatively unclean flesh: parasites and the prohibition against pork in Ancient Egypt and Israel», Argos 19 (1998), pp. 363—70.

¹²Herodotus, The History of Herodotus ii, 47.

¹³Ibid.

¹⁴Ibid.

¹⁵Ibid.

¹⁶Ibid.

¹⁷Plutarch, Isis and Osiris, 8.

¹⁸Aelian, On the Characteristics of Animals, x, 16.

¹⁹Ibid.

²⁰Ibid.

²¹Ibid.

²²Ibid.

²³Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians, ii, p. 368.

²⁴Redford, Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times, p. 47.

²⁵Frazer, The Golden Bough, p. 475.

²⁶Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, xii, p. 133.

²⁷Frazer, The Golden Bough, pp. 472—6.

²⁸Te Velde, Seth, God of Confusion, p. 119.

²⁹Ibid., pp. 121-2.

³⁰Bietak, p. 269—70; Habachi, «Khata» na-Qanttr: importance», ASAE 52 (1952), pp. 458-70.

³¹Te Velde, pp. 124-5.

³²Ibid., p. 125.

³³Bietak, p. 270.

³⁴Gardiner, Late Egyptian Stories, pp. 85—6.

³⁵Bietak, «Avaris and Piramesse: Archaeological Exploration in the Eastern Nile Delta», PBA 65 (1979), pp. 250—1.

³⁶Bietak, p. 251.

³⁷See Vaux, p. 253.

³⁸Ibid., pp. 252-4.

³⁹Ibid., p. 259.

⁴⁰See ibid., p. 265.

⁴¹Ibid, р. 256, quoting A. Bertholet, Kulturgeschichte Israels, 1919, p. 23.

⁴²Ibid, p. 266, cf. the works of Movers and Bochart, Hie-rozoicon, 1675, col. 702—3.

⁴³Hesse, p. 212.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ III. ЕГИПЕТСКИЕ ИМЕНА У ЛЕВИТОВ

¹Ex. 2: 10; Propp, Exodus 1—18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, p. 152..

²Propp, p. 152.

³Ex. 6: 16.

⁴Num. 3: 33, 35; 26: 57.

⁵Num. 3: 17; 1 Chron. 5: 27; 6: 1.

⁶Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Merari», pp. 457-8.

⁷Osman, Moses: Pharaoh of Egypt, p. 185; Propp, p. 276, after Cody, 1969: 40 n. 4.

⁸Osman, p. 185.

⁹Num. 3: 32.

¹⁰Ex. 6: 25.

¹¹1 Chron. 27: 17.

¹²Easton, s.v. «Phinehas», p. 548.

¹³Propp, p. 280, after Lauth 1871: 139—40; Cody 1969:71.

¹⁴Osman, p. 185.

¹⁵Ex. 6: 25.

¹⁶Propp, p. 280.

¹⁷Ex. 6: 21.

¹⁸Propp, p. 280.

¹⁹Easton, s.v. «Hur», p. 340.

²⁰Odelain and Seguineau, Dictionary of Proper Names and Places of the Bible, s.v.'Hur», p. 166; Propppp. 617—8.

²¹Propp, p. 617, cf. ibn Ezra; Houtman 1989: 118.

²²Ex. 17: 8—10.

²³Ex. 17: 11.

²⁴Ex. 17: 12.

²⁵Ex. 17; 12. Trans. Propp, p. 26.

^2бЕх. 17: 13–15. Trans, ibid.

²⁷Propp, p. 620.

²⁸Ibid.

²⁹Ex. 24: 14.

³⁰1 Kings 2: 27, 35; 1 Chron. 29: 22.

³¹Num. 3: 4.

³²Num. 20: 25-6.

³³Num. 3: 32.

³⁴Jg. 20: 28.

³⁵Deut. 10:8; 31:9; 25.

³⁶Ex. 32: 26-9.

³⁷ Sam. 1: 3.

³⁸Sam. 4:4, 11, 17, cf. 2: 29, 34.

³⁹Odelain and Seguineau, s.v. «Hophni», p. 164.

⁴⁰Budge, An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, i, 480a.

⁴¹Osman, p. 185.