Текст книги "Фрэнсис Дрейк"

Автор книги: Виктор Губарев

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Траверз– направление, перпендикулярное диаметральной плоскости судна. Соответствует курсовому углу 90 градусов.

Требник– книга с текстами церковных служб, молитвами для треб.

Узел морской– единица скорости судна, соответствующая одной морской миле в час (1852 метрам).

Унция– единица веса и монета у древних римлян. В Средние века унция равнялась сначала 1/12 фунта, потом ⅛ марки.

Фальконет– гладкоствольное орудие малого калибра, которое устанавливалось на небольших парусных и гребных судах.

Флибот– плоскодонное парусное судно голландской постройки; имело грузоподъемность до 100 тонн. Использовалось для рыбной ловли, торговли, разведки и пиратских нападений на небольшие суда.

Фок– большой парус на фок-мачте.

Фок-мачта– передняя мачта на многомачтовом судне.

Фока-рей– нижний рей на фок-мачте.

Форштевень– брус, образующий носовую оконечность судна.

Фрегат– в XVI веке небольшое быстроходное парусно-гребное судно.

Фунт– английская мера массы, равная 16 унциям (453,59 237 грамма).

Фунт стерлингов– денежно-счетная единица Великобритании. В XVI веке 1 фунт стерлингов равнялся 20 шиллингам или 240 пенсам.

Фут– единица измерения длины, равная 12 дюймам (30,48 сантиметра).

Хульк– трехмачтовое торговое или транспортное судно, как правило, голландской постройки.

Швартов– канат, предназначенный для подтягивания и удержания судна у причала или у борта другого судна.

Шиллинг– счетно-денежная единица и монета Великобритании. В эпоху Елизаветы шиллинг был равен 12 пенсам, весил 6,22 грамма и содержал 5,75 грамма серебра.

Шкипер– командир судна в торговом флоте. В английском флоте XVI века его называли мастером. На военном или каперском судне мастер являлся первым помощником капитана, ответственным за навигацию (исполнял обязанности судоводителя, штурмана).

Шлюп– в XVI веке небольшое одномачтовое парусно-гребное судно.

Штирборт– правый борт судна.

Шуфла– совок на древке; служил для насыпания пороха в канал ствола орудия или в зарядную камору.

Энкомендеро– испанский феодал в колониях Нового Света, собиравший с туземцев налоги и заставлявший их выполнять разного рода повинности.

Эскудо– испанские и португальские золотые монеты XV–XVIII веков. Испанский золотой эскудо содержал 3,03–3,09 грамма чистого золота.

Эстуарий– однорукавное воронкообразное устье реки, расширяющееся в сторону моря.

Юнга– мальчик-подросток, который служит на корабле, обучаясь морскому делу.

Ют– надстройка в кормовой (задней) части судна.

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