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How – How do you think we – How do you think we ought to start? Like that, you see.

The word 'ought’ is said on a slightly lower note, and the sentence continues on that lower note until

it gets to the very last syllable.

A.: 'How do you think we ought to start?' 'How do you think we ought to start?'

В.: Again, you see, the word 'start' is on a slightly lower note and not only that, it falls as you

say it: 'start – start'.

A.: Yes, it does. It falls right down to the bottom of my voice, listen: 'How do you think we

ought to start? How do you think we ought to start?'

В.: So the sentence is really in three parts, corresponding to the number of stressed syllables:

'how' followed by four weak syllables; then 'ought' followed by one weak syllable, and lastly 'start',

followed by nothing at all.

A: How do you think we – ought to – start?

В.: We can make a good rule out of that. In sentences like this, the first stressed syllable and

any weak, or unstressed syllables following it, are said on a fairly high note; the second stressed

syllable, and any more weak syllables after that, are said on a slightly lower note, and the same with

the third, and the fourth, and so on, until you come to the last stressed syllable of all, which not only

begins on a lower note than the previous one, but also falls right down until it can scarcely be heard

at all. Well, now we must go back to the beginning, and see if our rule works for some of our other

sentences.

(From "A Course of English Intonation by J. D. O'Connor)

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

THE INDICATIVE MOOD

REVISION EXERCISES ON TENSE AND VOICE

(To Units One—Three)

1. a) Comment at» the use of the Present Indefinite and the Present

Continuous:

i. I'm glad to know that you are coming to England this summer. 2. Your teeth are chattering.

What's the matter with you? 3.1 am always telling Jerry that his uncle means more to him than his

parents. 4. Anne is working hard for her exams now, she couldn't take them in spring. 5. Hotels on

the south coast are expensive. 6. Do you hear anything? – Yes, I hear music. 7. We may visit you

and stay with you next year if it is convenient to you then. 8.1 believe he'll be much stronger after he

spends his holidays in the mountains.

b) Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous instead of the

infinitives in brackets:

1. What you (to think) of this drawing? – I (to think) it (to be) excellent. 2. A holiday camp

usually (to have) its own swimming-pool and tennis courts. 3. She (to play) at the concert tonight. 4.

You (to like) to spend your holidays with hundreds of other people? 5. What you (to listen) to? – It

(to seem) to me I (to hear) a strange noise outside. 6. You (to read) anything in English now? – Yes,

I (to read) a play by Oscar Wilde. 7. I'll join them in their trip with pleasure if they (to invite) me. 8.1

(not to see) what you (to drive) at. 9, You (to enjoy) the trip? 10, Can I see Doctor Trench? – I'm

sorry you can't; he (to have) his breakfast li. I (not to like) the girl; she continually (to bother) me

with silly questions. 12. Please wait till he (to finish). 13. Nell (to have) a rest in the south, too, I (to

guess). – Yes, you (to guess) right. 14. You often (to get) letters from her? – Not so very often.

2. Translate the sentences into English, using I hear and I am told where

possible:

Notes:

1. In spoken English I hear is often used instead of I have heard.

Examples:

I hear you wanted to see me.

He is going to write a new play, I hear.

I hear you have been asking for me?

2. I am told and I was told both correspond to the Russian «мне сказали», I am told is used

with reference to the present.

Example: I am told she is seriously ill. (= I hear she is seriously ill.)

1. Я слышал, он пишет новую книгу. 2. Мне сказали, что он занимается переводами с

немецкого. 3. Я слышала, что он поправляется. 4. Я слышала, вы собираетесь нас покинуть. 5.

Я слышал, что они вернулись из Англии.'6. Мне сказали, что вы сделали вчера интересный

доклад. 7. Он уже уехал в Петербург, я слышала. 8. Я слышала, что он хорошо поет. 9. Я

слышу, он поет в соседней комнате. 10. Нам сказали, что они приезжают послезавтра. 11. Я

слышала, вы получили письмо от своего друга Марио. 12. Джейн прекрасно проводит время

на побережье, я слышала.

3. a) Comment on the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous:

1. I'm sorry I can't accept your invitation; we have already made our plans for the holiday. 2.

Hello, Anne. Haven't seen you since the end of the term. 3.1 think there is something in the stories

that have been going around. 4. You haven't yet said a word about your holiday, Mike. – I've been

waiting for my chance to put a word in.

b) Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of, the

infinitives in brackets:

1. "How long you (to be) here?" she demanded angrily. 2. This pair of shoes is just what I (to

look for) to match my new frock. 3.1 want you to remember that I never (to ask) you for anything

before. 4. What's that noise? – Mary (to break) a tea-cup. 5.1 (to think) about it the last three days,

it's such a bother to me. So it really is a relief to talk it over with you. 6. Listen to me, all of you! I

(to come) with the most tremendous news. 7.1 see you (not to do) much. What you (to do} all the

morning? 8. It's hard to believe that it (to be) only two years and a half since I met him. 9. We (not to

see) Edward for a long time. He (to change) very much? – No, he is just the same. 10. Of course,

we trust her. After all, Margaret and I (to know) Lucy all our lives. 11.1 (not to wear) this dress for

two years. 12. My watch (to go) for three days and it (not to stop) yet 13. Jack (to go) to Bulgaria for

a holiday, I hear. I myself never (to be) there.

c) Translate these sentences into Russian:

1. I've been wanting a word with you, Lewis. 2. She hasn't bought any new clothes since the

beginning of the year. 3. He has written me only once since he went away; I've sent him four letters.

4. I'm going to suggest something to you. I've been talking it over with your mother. 5. Beryl has

been telling me the most amazing things. Surely, she must be exaggerating. 6. I've asked him to

lunch on Sunday. 7. That's what I've been trying to remember since I met him. 8. "It can't be true. It's

a dream I've been having," she thought. 9. You know, I've missed you very much these last few

weeks. 10. I'm afraid I don't understand you, Gerald. I haven't changed my mind. Have you changed

yours?

4. Use the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in

brackets:

N o t e : Remember that the Present Perfect is always associated with the present, and

the Past Indefinite refers the action to some past moment.

1. It is half past eight and you (not to do) your morning exercises yet. 2.1 (to get up) with a

headache today and (to decide) to walk to my office instead of taking a bus. Now I am feeling much

better. 3. You (to meet) any interesting people at the holiday camp? 4. She (not to have) a holiday for

two years. 5. You (to enjoy) Mary's singing? 6. Where you (to buy) these lovely gloves? 7. Where

she (to go)? Maybe she is in the lab? – No, I just (to be) there. It's locked. 8. Why you (to shut)

your book? Please open it again on page ten. 9.1 am sorry. What you (to say), Mr. Hartley? 10. His

face seems familiar to me. When and where I (to see) him? 11.1 hear you just (to get) married. When

the ceremony (to take place)? 12. Old George (not to be) here for years! 13. You (to read) "The Man

of Property"? – I (to begin) the book last week and just (to finish) it. 14. A few months ago they (to

pull) down some old houses in our street and (to begin) to build a new block of flats. 15. Do you

remember my name, or you (to forget) it? 16. When I (to call) on him I (to find) that he (to be) out.

17. His first question to the girl (to be): "Where you (to see) the man?" 18. What (to be) her answer

to your question? 19. Where you (to put) my umbrella? I need it. 20. He (to sit) there quietly for a

while and then (to leave) unnoticed.

5. a) Comment on the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect

and the Past Perfect Continuous:

1. He was tired – he was so very tired. It seemed to him that he had been tired for a very

long time. 2. Grant went to the drawing-room, where Alison was sitting with a book. 3. She listened,

but could not follow what was being said. 4. When it was time to go I asked if I could see the rooms

I had lived in for five years. 5. Nobody knew he was going to London on Sunday. 6. All the stories in

this book were written before the first World War.

b) Use the required past tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:

1. It (to be) the poorest room Hilary ever (to see). 2. No sooner she (to arrive) at the station

than a fast London train (to come in). 3. It (to be decided) to say nothing to Sidney until the answer

(to be received). 4. Arthur (to go) up to his room. Nothing in it (to be changed) since his arrest. 5. No

wonder he (to be) very tired. He (to work) too hard for the last three months, 6. I (to tremble) tike a

leaf. 7. Mr. Dennant, accustomed to laugh at other people, (to suspect) that he (to be laughed) at. 8.

She (to say) it in a voice he never (to hear) before. 9.1 (to look) into the kitchen. Mary-Ann (to put)

the supper on a tray to take it into the dining-room. 10.1 (to be) fifteen and just (to come) back from

school for the summer holiday. 11. It (to rain) heavily since the morning and she (not to allow) the

children to go out. 12. Soon I (to get) a letter from her to the effect that she (to return) from the

South of France; she (to want) me to meet her. 13. Trafalgar Square (to be laid) about a hundred

years ago. 14.1 (to finish) my work for the day and (to rest) quietly in my arm-chair, flunking of the

days that (to go) by. 15. George, who (to laugh) loudly, suddenly (to break off). 16. When Bambys

mother (to stand) up her head (to be hidden) among the branches. 17. She (to read) the book ever

since she (to come) from school and couldn't tear herself away from it. 18. She (to know) Jim for

more than ten years, ever since her husband, who (to teach) at that time in a Grammar school in

London, first had made his acquaintance through the Labour Party. 19. He (to say) he (to wait) for

more than an hour. 20. I (to be) sure they (to talk) about me, because they (to break off) as soon as I

(to enter). 21. He (to say) he (to get) two letters from Alice. 22. The rain that (to fall) since the

morning (to cease) by the afternoon, but a strong wind still (to blow) and the sky (to be covered)

with dark clouds.

6. Translate the sentences into English, paying attention to the use of tenses:

1. Я слышал, что он недавно вернулся с Дальнего Востока. 2. Послушай, Том, я все

хочу поговорить с тобой. 3. Мы не ожидали, что он придет, но он пришел. 4. Он был болен

уже два дня, когда послали за доктором. 5. Интересно знать, что он обо всем этом думает. 6. У

тебя покраснели глаза. Ты плакала? 7. История, которую он вам сейчас рассказывал, —

чистейшая выдумка. 8. Он тяжело дышал и не мог вымолвить ни слова. 9. Я никогда его не

встречала и не знаю, как он выглядит. 10. Она отложила в сторону книгу, которую читала, и

подошла к окну. 11. А теперь мне надо укладываться, мы уезжаем рано утром. 12. Зачем ты

открыла окно? На улице очень шумно. 13. Вы нашли журнал, который потеряли вчера? – Да.

– А где вы его нашли? – На письменном столе отца. Он взял его почитать перед сном. 14. С

минуту она смотрела на отца, затем повернулась и вышла из комнаты. 15. Она всегда задает

вопросы. 16. У тебя такой расстроенный вид. О чем они с тобой говорили?

7. a) Comment on the use of the future tenses (the Future Indefinite, the Future

Continuous and the Future Perfect):

1. Don't come so early. Jim will still be sleeping, I'm sure. 2. By the 1st of January he will

have worked at the laboratory for six years. 3. Don't tell your aunt about it. She will be telling it to

other aunts. 4. I'll try to get there as soon as I can. 5. Another ten years and you'll have forgotten all

about it. 6. "I must be off," he said. "I’ll be back for lunch."

b) Use the required future or present tense instead of tee infinitives in

brackets where necessary:

1. How you've grown! Good gracious me, you (to get) a moustache soon! 2.1 hope you (not

to forget) all this by tomorrow! 3. By next Sunday you (to stay) with us for five weeks. 4. If we (not

to get) there before seven, they (to do) everything. 5.1 probably (to want) to see the book before he

(to finish) it. 6. You must not eat any solid food until your temperature (to go down). 7.1 know you

(to whisper) when Peg (to go). You always do. 8. When we (to get) back they (to have) supper. 9.

Look! The leaves are yellow, they (to fall) soon. 10. While I (to live), I always (to remember) his

face. 11.1 don't think he (to wire) before he (to arrive). 12. Nobody knows when it all (to be settled).

13. I'm not sure if he (to be) glad to see me. 14. She (to do) her home-work after supper. 15.1

suppose you (to work) very hard in the autumn.

8. Use the reguired tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:

"Shall I call again tomorrow?" (to ask) the doctor, before taking leave of the old man.

"Oh, no, we (to send) for you if she (not to be) so well," he (to reply). "She (to have) hardly

any temperature today; her cough is easier; and the pain quite (to disappear). I can't think, though,

how she (to catch) this germ. She hardly (to be) out of the house for the last three weeks, owing to

the intense-ness of the cold, and nobody else (to have) influenza, or even a cold."

"She (to be) certainly very subject to infection. She ever (to try) a course of injections to

strengthen her system against these germs? Three injections at intervals of a week, at the beginning

of the winter, will often work marvels."

"It (to be) difficult to persuade her to take care of herself, doctor," (to sigh) the father, "but

when she (to be) better I certainly (to suggest) it to her."

9. Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the required tense, paying attention to

the sequence of tenses:

Many years ago I (to be thrown) by accident among a certain society of Englishmen, who,

when they (to be) all together, never (to talk) about anything worth talking about. Their general

conversations (to be) absolutely empty and dull, and I (to conclude), as young men so easily (to

conclude), that those twenty or thirty gentlemen (to have) not half a dozen ideas among them. A little

reflection (to remind) me, however, that my own talk (to be) no better than theirs, and consequently

that there (may) be others in the company who also (to know) more and (to think) more than they (to

express). I (to find) out by accident, after a while, that some Of these men (to have) more than

common culture in various directions: one or two (to travel) far, and (to bring) home the results of

much observation; one or two (to read) largely, and with profit; more than one (to study) a science;

five or six (to see) a great deal of the world. It (to be) a youthful mistake to conclude the men (to be)

dull because their general conversation (to be) very dull. The general conversations of English

society (to be) dull; it (to be) a national characteristic.

10. Change the following from direct into indirect speech:

Suddenly there came a knock to the door and Dorian heard Lord Henry's voice outside: "My

dear boy, I must see you. Let me in at once. I cannot bear your shutting yourself up like this."

Dorian made no answer at first, but then jumped up and unlocked the door.

"I am sorry for it all, Dorian," said Lord Henry, as he entered. "But you must not think too

much of it. Tell me, did you see Sibyl Vane after the play was over?"

"Yes, and I was brutal to her, Harry – perfectly brutal. But it is all right now,"

"Ah, Dorian, I am so glad. I was afraid of finding you tearing that nice curly hair of yours."

"I have got through all that," said Dorian, shaking his hand and smiling. "I am perfectly

happy now. I want to be good; I can't bear the idea of my soul being so bad and ugly. I shall begin by

marrying Sibyl Vane."

(After Oscar Wilde)

11. Use the required teases instead of the infinitives in brackets:

I (to notice) that when someone (to ask) for you on the telephone and, finding you out, (to

leave) a message begging you to call him up the moment you come in, the matter (to be) more

important to him than to you. When it (to come) to making you a present or doing you a favour most

people (to be) able to hold their impatience. So when I (to be) told by Miss Fellows, my landlady,

that Mr. Alroy Kear (to wish) me to ring him up at once, I (to feel) that I (can) safely ignore his

request.

I (not to see) Roy for three months and then only for a few minutes at a party. "London (to

be) awful," he (to say). "One never (to have) time to see any of the people one (to want) to. Let's

lunch together one day, shall we?"

As I (to smoke) a pipe before going to bed I (to turn) over in my mind the possible reasons

for which Roy (may) want me to lunch with him.

(After S. Maugham)

12. Think of a suitable context to use the following sentences:

1. It's been a wonderful evening for me.

2. We are starting at dawn.

3. I've been looking for you everywhere. Why are you always hiding from me?

4. My dear Jonny! How long you've been coming home!

5. Splendid to think we'll be getting into the country this weekend!

6. I was sure I had seen her. But where? Where had I seen the girl?

13. Translate these sentences Into English:

1. Он, кажется, не знает твоего нового адреса? – Нет, знает. Он заходил кo мне. 2. Они

не отъехали и тридцати километров, как погода изменилась. 3. Он преподаватель английского

языка. Он преподает с тех пор, как окончил университет. 4. Где вы были все это время? —

Извините, я не знала, что вы меня ждете. 5. Она долго сидела в саду и не знала, что

происходит в доме. 6. Ключ искали с самого утра, но нигде не могли найти. 7. Я бы хотела

знать, куда они положили мои книги. 8. Вы давно знаете друг друга? 9. Сейчас она живет у

тетки. 10. Несколько дней Дик был задумчив, и нам было ясно, что он обдумывает какой-то

план. П. В будущем году исполнится 10 лет, как он живет в России. 12. Она сказала, что

пошлет телеграмму, если не получит никаких известий из дому. 13. Я слышала, что она

заболела и находится в больнице. В какую больницу ее отвезли? 14. Эта пожилая женщина с

добрым лицом и седыми волосами – главный врач больницы. Я много о ней слышала, о ней

хорошо отзываются. 15. Как жаль, что доктор ушел Я не спросила его, когда принимать

пилюли. 16. Вот увидите, через минуту она будет рассказывать вам о своих болезнях,

посещениях врача и так далее.

14. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets:

The landlady (to bring) the tea. I (not to want) anything, but Ted (to make) me eat some ham.

Then I (to sit) at the window. I (not to look) round when the landlady (to come up) to clear away, I

(not to want) anyone to speak to me. Ted (to read) a book; at least he (to pretend) to, but he (not to

turn) the page, and I (to see) the tears dropping on it. I (to keep on) looking out of the window. It (to

be) the end of June, and the days (to be) long. I (to look) at the people going in and out of the public-

house and the trams going up and down. I (to think) the day never (to come) to an end; then all of a

sudden I (to notice) that it (to be) night. All the lamps (to be lit).

"Why you (not to light) the gas?" I (to say) to Ted. "It's no good sitting in the dark."

He (to light) the gas. I don't know what (to come) over me. I (to feel) that if I (to go on)

sitting in that room I (to go) mad. I (to want) to go somewhere where there (to be) lights and people.

15. Comment on the use of tenses in the following sentences and translate

them into Russian:

1. She looked at me wonderingly as if asking, "What has been happening to me?" 2. Her soft

voice made him tremble. "I feel you've been here for years," she said'. 3. And now, Daddy, I think I'd

better go back, in case Mummy's wondering where I am. 4. Then she woke up and said, "Have I

been asleep?" 5.1 hope I haven't disturbed you. You weren't asleep, were you? 6. "You've grown!"

said Randall. It was true. She had changed. 7. Goodness gracious! What's that? It's the clock striking!

So late, and I have been keeping you awake. Good night, Ellen. 8. "Steve loved birds," said Miranda.

"He always used to feed them. He would ring a bell every morning and the birds would come." 9.

The wind had dropped a little and from somewhere behind the house a cuckoo was calling. 10. You

speak to me, as you always do, with the voice of reality. And what you've been saying is quite right.

11. Emma removed her glasses and set her knitting aside. She caressed her closed eyes for a moment

with long fingers. 12. She said, rousing herself, "Sorry, Lucy, what did you say?" 13. When Francis

and Foy left, Katherine asked Lewis what they had been telling him about young Luke. 14. Do you

know when the results will be out? 15. He looked at his watch. It was time to go in now. Mildred

would be waiting for him,

16. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets and translate

the sentences into Russian:

I. Let's have dinner up here. If we (to go) down to the restaurant we (to be interrupted), and

the music (to be) so loud there. We (not to be) able to hear each other speak. 2. You really never (to

be) to a ball before, Leila? 3. My wife (to be) in Europe for the last ten months on a visit to our

eldest girl, who (to be married) last year. 4. Hello, John! You (to wait) long? 5. She (to tell) him that

she (to ring) him, but she (not to do) so. 6. He (to look) up with surprise, "India? You (to go) to

India?" 7.1 never (to know) anyone I (to like) as much as I (to like) you. I never (to feel) so happy

with anyone. But I (to be) sure it (not to be) what people and what books (to mean) when they (to

talk) about love. 8. It was now over a year. He (not to hear) from her since she (to leave), except for

a postcard. 9. The green door (to open) and (to shut) again and all (to be) silence. He (to wait) a

minute or two. What they (to say) to each other now? 10. She (to be) disappointed if you (not to

come). Randall (to hesitate). "No," he (to say). "I (not to come) in. You can go alone." 11. Good

heavens, my old doll! You (to find) it in Ann's room? I (to forget) all about it by now. 12. My mother

(to come) to stay with us next weekend. 13. The garden (to look) quite different now when the leaves

(to fall). 14.1 (to be) sure you (to finish) your work by six o'clock. 15. She (to say) she (to do) the

washing tomorrow. 16. Jago told Eliot that Nightingale and he just (to discuss) the future of the

college.

17. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets and comment

on their use:

1.1 only want to ask when the decision (to take); we'd like to know the date, that's all 2.

"Hallo, you two," he (to cry) gaily. "Where you (to hide)?" 3. I'm afraid I must be off now. My

parents (to come) to see me unexpectedly. Thank you, Mrs, Welch. I (to enjoy) myself very much.

Good-bye. 4. Margaret Peel (to tell) me that Bertrand (to come) down at the weekend. 5. He was

alarmed by the thought that he (to have) to talk to the girl all the way back. 6. In the dining-saloon he

(to notice) that the dark man who (to sit) alone (to be) now at a table with Mrs. Cockson and Mrs.

Benson. 7. Mr. Pinfold (not to sleep) for very long. He (to awake) as usual very early. 8.1 don't see

what you (to drive) at. 9. I know very little of him, though we (to live) so near all these years. 10.1

(to want) us to have a little talk for quite some time, old boy. Ever since that summer Ball, in fact.

11. As they (to stroll) up College Road, Beesley began talking about the examination results in his

Department 12.1 want to send a telegram. I (not to feel) very well. I (to wonder) if you (can) write it

for me? 13. Dixon was a bit disappointed, he (to feel) none of the pleasurable excitement he (to

expect). 14. We (to come) for you when we (to want) you. Better lock the door. 15.1 (to have) my

eye on him ever since we (to start). You (to notice) anything odd about him? 16. He was not a cruel

man by nature, and (to be) secretly a little ashamed of the part he (to play) during the last month.

I8. Pay attention to the use of the Continuous tenses. Translate the sentences

into Russian:

1. "How are you?" she asked. "All right, thanks; I have been working." 2. I've been talking to

the Principal about the College Open Week at the end of the term. 3. "We are all waiting, Ned," Mrs.

Welch said from the piano. 4. I've written to Uncle asking him to let me know when he's coming

back. 5. Well, I'm sure you appreciate, Professor, that I've been worrying about my position here in

the last few months. 6. I hope very much you 'll be coming on Saturday. – I hope so too. Good-bye.

7. He was looking for his cigarettes when John came in at the door. Had he been listening! 8. Oh, by

the way, Carol, I've been meaning to tell you that Christine's coming to the dance after all, and she's

bringing her uncle with her. 9. I've been feeling very depressed recently. 10. "How are you feeling,

Steve?" his wife asked him, "not so tired, I hope?" 11. At the end of dinner Mrs. Scarfield asked:

"Are you joining us for a rubber?" and he replied: «Not this evening, I'm afraid.» 12. "I'm awfully

sorry," said Glover. "I simply don't know what you're talking about. 13. Why, that's exactly what I've

been saying, in different words. 14. Dixon, who had been showing a disposition to tremble, found his

spirits kicking upwards at the sight of a tray with cups, a flask, and biscuits. 15. Oh, Mr. Dixon, I've

been wondering when I shall see you again. I have one or two points I want to take up with you. 16.

That evening before dinner he joined the Scarfields. "In a couple of days it will be getting hot," said

Mrs. Scarfield. 17. Now then, Doris, we've only been speaking to you for your own good.

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD AND THE CONDITIONAL MOOD

(To Units One—Three)

19. Name the oblique moods used in the following sentences and translate the

sentences into Russian:

1. If I were young I should have a walking holiday. 2. If I were you I should pay no attention

to what she says. 3. The vase is beautiful. You wouldn't find another to match it if you tried. 4. If you

hated sick people you wouldn't be a doctor, dear. 5. They say Frank has changed greatly. – Oh, yes.

You would hardly know him if you met him. 6. If I had known that, I shouldn't have come. 7. We

should never have found the house if a passer-by hadn't helped us. 8. If you had left earlier you

would have caught the tram. 9. If you had taken the medicine the doctor prescribed you, you would

feel better now. 10. If you had read the article I recommended, you'd know how to answer such

questions.

20. Comment on the mood of the verb in the following sentences:

1. I'll help you if I can. 2. Shut the door after you! 3. She did not know where she was and

what had happened. 4.1 remember it so clearly as if it had happened only yesterday. 5. She promised

she would be calm. 6. She wouldn't be calm if she knew what has happened. 7. She said she didn't

know me. 8. Don't look at me as if you didn't know me. 9. The article was not difficult and I could

translate it. 10. If I had a dictionary I could translate the article. 11. If I had not told him, he would

never have known. 12. She was sure I had not told him the bad news.

21. Complete the following sentences a) using the Conditional Mood;

1. If it were not so late ... . 2. If it were Sunday today ... . 3. If you invited him ... . 4. If I were

you ... . 5. If she lived in Moscow ... . 6. If you had waited -a little ... . 7. If I could play the piano....

8. If you had done as I told you .... 9. If she were my sister.... 10. If the weather were fine ... .

b) using the Subjunctive Mood:

1. We should go to the country if .... 2.1 should help her if.... 3. He would have done it for

you, no doubt, if.... 4. They would play tennis now if .... 5.1 should have come yesterday if.... 6.

What would you do if... ? 7. It would be very nice if.... 8. I'd have a walking holiday if.... 9. They'd

be only very glad if.... 10. Everything would have been all right if....

22. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets:

1. If they (not to help) us we (not to find) the way. 2. If I (to have) enough money I (to buy)

this cassette-recorder. 3. You (to be) able to speak English better if you (to study) harder. 4. If she (to

be) older she (to understand) you better. 5. If he (to be) in town yesterday he (to call) on us. 6. We (to

enjoy) the play better if it (not to be) so long. 7. My uncle (to be) able to help us if he (to be) here.

8.1 (to do) the same if I (to be) there. 9. If I (to know) of your arrival I (to meet) you. 10. If you (to

know) what it is all about, you (not to keep on) smiling. 11. If you (to go) to the theatre last night,

I'm sure, you (to enjoy) the play. 12. He (to act) differently if he (to realize) the situation. 13. If she

(to come) earlier she (to be) able to see them before they went out. 14. Nobody told me about your

trouble. I (to help) you if I (to hear) about it. 15.1 (to come) sooner if I (to know) you were here. 16.

We (not to know) anything about their plans for the summer holidays if Mario (not to send) us a

letter. 17. If you (to come) between two and three yesterday you (to find) him in. 18. If I (to be) you I

(to have) a long wall' "s the park. 19. If 1 (can) help you I readily (to do) so, but you know I can't.

20.1 must be off now. If it (not to be) so late I (to stay) a little longer.

23. Change into sentences of unreal condition:

E x a m p l e s: She won't help us as she is not here. – She would help us if she were here.

We did not meet so often because she lived far from my place. – We should have met more

often if she had not lived so far from my place.