Текст книги "Практический курс английского языка 2 курс"

Автор книги: Владимир Аракин

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He broke off in the middle of a sentence.

N o t e: No object after break off. Cf. in Russian: прекратить разговор.

to break out начинаться внезапно, вспыхнуть ( об эпидемии, пожаре, войне), е.g. A fire

broke out during the night.

to break through (smth.) прорывать(-ся), е.g. The partisans broke through the enemy's

line.

to break the record побить рекорд

break n перемена, перерыв ( в работе, учебе и т.д.), е.g. I feel tired, let's have a break.

We're working since nine o'clock without a break.

3. to stick (stuck, stuck) υt/i 1. приклеивать(-ся), наклеивать; липнуть; прикреплять,

as to stick a stamp on a letter, to stick a notice on a board. These stamps won't stick. The nickname

stuck to him.

2. оставаться; держаться, придерживаться? стоять на своем, е.g. Friends should stick

together. You must stick to your promise. Though Tom saw that nobody believed him, he stuck to his

words. Stick to business! (He отвлекайтесь!)

3. втыкать, затыкать; засовывать, е.g. The girl stuck a flower in her hair. He stuck his hands

in his pockets.

4. застрять, завязнуть, е.g. The splinter stuck in my finger. The car stuck in the mud. The

key stuck in the keyhole.

4. to drive (drove, driven) υt/i 1. гнать (скот); преследовать (неприятеля), е.g. Не

drove the horses into the forest.

2. править, управлять (машиной, автомобилем), е.g. He's learning to drive.

3. ехать (в автомобиле, экипаже), е.g. Shall we drive home or walk?

N o t e: With reference to travelling on a bicycle, on a horse or other animal the verb to ride

is used, е.g. He jumped on his horse and rode away. He rode over on his bicycle to see me yesterday.

to drive up (away) подъезжать (отъезжать), e.g. We drove up to the house.

to drive at ( colloq.) клонить к чему-л., намекать на что-л., е.g. I could not understand

what he was driving at.

to drive smb. mad сводить с ума

driven катание, езда, прогулка (в автомобиле, экипаже), е.g. We had a nice drive.

to go for a drive прокатиться, совершить прогулку в автомобиле, е.g. Shall we go for a

drive round the town?

driver n шофер, водитель, машинист, as a bus-driver, tram-driver, taxi-driver, engine-

driver

5. pause n пауза, перерыв; передышка, е.g. There was a short pause while the next

speaker got on to the platform. A pause is made because of doubt or hesitation or for the sake of

expressiveness when speaking, singing, reading, etc.

Syn. break

to make a pause делать паузу, останавливаться, е.g. The speaker made a short pause to

stress his words.

to pause υi делать паузу, останавливаться, е.g. Не paused to collect his thoughts. He went

on without pausing.

Syn. stop

N о t e:to stop is usually used when the action is not supposed to continue; to pause is used

when there is only a temporary break in the action, especially in speech or writing, е.g. He paused

until the noise stopped.

6. to nod υi/t 1. кивать головой, е.g. I asked him if he could ring me up and he nodded. She

nodded to me as she passed.

Syn. bow

N о t e: to sod refers lo a quick motion of the head only, and is less formal than to bow,

which is a slower, formal bending, usually of the body as well as the head, е.g. The servant bowed

and left the room.

Ant to shake one's bead

2. дремать, клевать носом, е.g. She sat in the armchair nodding over her book.

nodn кивок, е.g. She passed me with a nod. She gave me a nod.

7. ruin n 1. гибель, крушение, разорение, е.g. The death of Davy's mother was the ruin of

his hopes.

to bring smb. (smth.) to ruin разорить, погубить, е.g. Не brought his family to ruin.

2. развалины ( often pl), руины, е.g. The ruins of Rome. The enemy left the city in rains.

rain υt губить, разрушать, разорять

to ruin one's life (hopes, business, constitution), е.g. He knew that he himself had ruined

his life by stealing the money.

to rain oneself разориться, е.g. The fellow rained himself by card-playing.

ruinousadj разорительный, губительный, разрушительный

8. to rub υt/i тереть(-ся), натирать, е.g. The gymnast rubbed his hands with talc. The dog

rubbed its nose against my coat.

to rub smth. dry вытирать насухо, е.g. Не rubbed Ms face (hands) dry.

to rub in втирать (мазь и т. д.), е.g. Rub the oil in well.

to rub off стирать (удалять с поверхности), е.g. Rub the words off the blackboard.

to rub out стирать ( написанное чернилами, карандашом), в. д. She rubbed all the pencil

marks out.

to rub one's hands (together) потирать руки от удовольствия, е.g. His manner of rubbing

bis hands gets on my nerves.

rubn, е.g. She gave the spoons a good rub.

9. vacant adj незанятый, свободный; вакантный, пустой, е.g. The telephone booth was

vacant and I was able to telephone at once. She gazed into vacant space.

N o t e: The Russian words свободный and пустой have different English equivalents:

1. свободный may be translated by vacant, free, not engaged, spare, loose.

vacant means «not occupied,» as a vacant seat (room, house, flat); a vacant post (position); a

vaсant mind

free means «independent,» as a free person; a free state; free will

not engaged means «not occupied, not busy,» е.g. You are not engaged now, are you?

Ant. engaged, busy

Spare means «additional to what is usually needed,» е.g. I have spare time today. I've got

spare cash about me and can lend you 3 or 5 roubles.

loose means «not tight or not fitting close,» е.g. He had loose clothes on. All the window

frames in my flat are loose.

Ant tight

2. пустой has the following English equivalents: vacant, empty, blank, shallow.

(See the notes to the word blank on p. 164.)

vacancyn вакантная должность, е.g. We have a vacancy on our staff. We advertised for a

secretary to fill the vacancy.

NOTES ON WORD-FORMATION

The verb to land was made from the noun land by means of c o n v e r s i o n which is

a very productive way of making new words in modern English.

In conversion, a new word and the one from which it is produced have the same phonetic

shape but always belong to different categories or parts of speech, so that verbs may be produced

from nouns or adjectives ( е.g. to hand вручать; to comb причесывать; to pocket класть в карман;

to pale бледнеть), nouns from verbs ( е.g. break перерыв; drive поездка; find находка), etc.

The other two main ways of word-building are a f f i x a t i o n (or so called

derivation) and c o m p o s i t i o n .

In affixation new words are produced with the help of affixes (that is suffixes and prefixes),

е. g: beautiful, swimmer, unbelievable.

In composition new words are produced from two or more stems, е.g.: classroom, wall

newspaper, good-for-nothing, blue-eyed, etc.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)

Words

break υ, n

hesitate υ

ruin υ, n

curl υ, n

land υ

ruinous adj

curled adj

namesake n

shock υ

curling adj

nod υ, n

smart (-looking) adj

curly adj

pause υ, n

stick υ

current a.

rather adv

vacant adj

drive υ, n

rub υ

vacancy n

driver n

Word Combinations

in a way

to break off

to be willing to

do smth.

to break out

to stick to smth. (smb.)

to break the

record

to be down and out

to break with

to

commit

suicide

to curl one's lip

to drive at

to curl up

on account of

to drive up (away)

to

be taken

aback

to drive smb. mad

to shrug one's shoulders

to make a pause

to have bad (good) luck

to rub one's hands (together)

to rum up

to bring smb. (smth.) to ruin

EXERCISES

I. Read the text and do the following (A. Grammar, B. Word usage, C. Word-

formation).

A. 1. Pick out from the text all the irregular verbs and give their four forms. 2. Search the text

for – ing-forms and classify them according to their functions in the sentences. 3. Mark all the cases

of Sequence of Tenses in the text and comment on them (explain the rules). 4. Select sentences with

the verb go used as a link verb; what other verbs can be used in the same function?

B. 1. Pick out from the text words and phrases describing appearance. 2. Tick off all

introductory phrases used by Burton; use them in sentences of your own. 3. Pick out all the

sentences with the word rather and translate them into Russian. 4. Paraphrase all the sentences with

the verb get.

C. 1. Pick out from the text all compound words and identify their type. 2. Construct some

compounds modelling them after well-dressed and smart-looking. 3. Search the text for verbs and

nouns formed by means of conversion.

II. Translate in writing three paragraphs from the text: 1) the first paragraph, 2)

the paragraph beginning with «He didn't move» and 3) the paragraph from «Swim!»

up to «Suddenly I had an idea».

Read the translation in class and discuss it with your fellow-students.

III. a) Transcribe these words:

handsome, well-dressed, quarter, experience, lose, suicide, pausing, current, aback, shoulder,

drowned.

b) Transcribe and explain the rules of reading these words:

wild, rather, curl, pawn, pass, constitution, dissipation, beacon, question, half, vacancy,

poker, trifle.

IV. Write twenty special questions about the text In each question use one of

the phrases from Essential Vocabulary (I).

V. Fill in prepositions:

1. handsome ... a way; 2. to know... one's own experience; 3. He could lose money ...

bridge ... a good grace. 4. to have bad luck ... cards; 5. He did not want to stick ... bridge. 6. He was

all... pieces. 7. I understand what he was driving .... 8. I landed ... the creek of Tarumi. 9.... account...;

10. He never turned....

VI. Study Vocabulary Notes and translate the illustrative examples into

Russian.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. Burton thought that what he was telling was "rather a funny story." Do you also think so?

Why don't you? Why did Burton think it funny? 2. What kind of man was young Barton? What do

you think of his way of living? Do you approve of it? Why not? 3. Why do you think young Burton

turned to his namesake for help when he was rained? 4. What was the situation in which he found

himself? 5. What did Burton mean by saying that his young namesake was "down and out"? that he

was "all to pieces"? 6. What did young Burton mean when he said that he "swam for his

University"? 7. On what condition did Burton promise a job in his office to his namesake? What do

you think of this condition? 8. Why did young Burton accept it? He knew he was not in good

condition, didn't he? 9. What happened to him? 10. Do you think old Burton knew that bis namesake

would be drowned? Why do you think so? 11. Why did Burton send his namesake to almost sure

death? 12. What kind of man do you think old Burton was? 13. Why does the author emphasize

when speaking about old Burton his "kindly chuckle," "mild chuckle," "those candid and kind blue

eyes of his"?

VIII. Write an outline of the story. You may try three ways: a) following the

chain of true events; b) sticking to the story as told by the author or c) building it up

round the main idea of the story.

IX. a) Fill in different English equivalents of the Russian words занят and

свободен (engaged, busy, occupied or vacant, free, spare):

1. As he was ... yesterday he couldn't join our company. 2. I tried to get him on the phone but

the line was ... As I was ... I decided to ring him up later. 3. Is the place next to you ...? – No, it is ...

. 4. When I entered the hall all the seats were ... and I could hardly find a ... seat. 5. Will you be ...

tomorrow? Let's go to the country. – No, I'll be ... at my office. 6. Let's find a ... classroom and

rehearse our dialogue there. – I'm afraid at this hour all the rooms are sure to be ... . 7. Have you

any ... time today? 8. At this late hour all taxis will be ... . 9. I am young, healthy, and ... to do as I

please.

b) Think of situations or microdialogues consisting of a statement (or a

question) and a reply to it using the words mentioned above.

X. Translate these sentences into English:

1. Она наклеила на письмо несколько марок и бросила его в почтовый ящик. 2. Друзья

всегда держались вместе. 3. Ключ застрял в замке, и я не могла открыть дверь. 4. Вы сегодня

заняты? – К сожалению, у меня вряд ли будет свободное время. 5. Смерть единственного

сына была крушением всех его надежд 6. Есть в гостинице свободные номера? – К

сожалению, все номера заняты. 7. Лондонские туманы губительны для здоровья. 8. Все

списали эти предложения? Я стираю их с доски. 9. У него была странная привычка потирать

руки, когда он был взволнован. 10. Холод голод и нужда подорвали здоровье Герствуда. 11.

Оратор остановился, чтобы собраться с мыслями. 12. Вам не следует беспокоиться, он хорошо

водит машину. 13. Звук выстрела нарушил тишину. Мистер Кэртел, который до этого времени

мирно дремал в кресле, вскочил и стал оглядываться по сторонам. 14. Я не любил купаться в

реке из-за сильного течения. 15. Учитель подождал, пока не стихли разговоры, и только после

этого продолжал объяснение. 16. Они прервали беседу, как только я вошел. 17. Он обещал

помочь мне, но не сдержал обещания. 18. Увидев меня, он презрительно скривил рот и только

кивнул головой в знак приветствия.

XI. Read the story carefully and answer the following questions:

1. When do you usually: rub your chin; give a little chuckle; ask about smb.'s age; go pale;

hesitate; shrug your shoulders; look at your watch; shake hands?

2. In what situations did old Burton and his namesake perform the same actions as in Point 1.

Comment on each situation.

ХII. Try your band at teaching:

A. Preparation. 1. Prepare to explain the difference between the verbs: stop and pause, nod

and bow so as to make sure that your pupils can use these verbs properly. 2. Write an exercise to

practise the following antonyms: to break and to keep, to nod and to shake, free and engaged, loose

and tight 3. Think of the answers you would give if your pupils asked you: 1) How long is a mile? 2)

Did Burton mean land miles or nautical miles when he said there were over three miles between the

Shioya Club and the creek of Tarumi? 3) In what part of the world did the events take place?

B. Work in Class. 1. Ask the class to answer the questions given in Items 1 and 3 and to do

your exercise from Item 2.

2. Correct the mistakes, comment on the answers and say a few words by way of explanation

if needed. (Use "Classroom English", Sections I, IV, VII.)

ХIII. Write a summary of the story «A Friend in Need». Before writing it find

answers to the following questions that may serve as the key points of the story.

E. д.: What did young Burton ask for?

What did he get?

What was his occupation and that of old Burton?

What were the advantages and disadvantages of old Burton's position and those of his

namesake?

What were young Burton's chances?

Could he manage to cover three miles?

Who gained anything from this performance?

What do you think both of them should have done under the circumstances?

What were your feelings after reading the story?

XIV. Speak on the characters of the story;

a) Old Burton (his appearance, character and what yon think of him).

b) Young Burton (his appearance, character and what yon think of him).

c) The story-teller (what kind of person he was; how he was impressed by Burton's story;

with whom his sympathies were).

XV. Paraphrase the following sentences, using colloquial words and phrases

from the text instead of the words in italic type which are stylistically neutral:

1. My sister's husband was killed in the war, and soon after that her elder child died of

pneumonia. No wonder she was broken physically and spiritually. 2. He ruined himself because he

played cards and drank a lot. When I met him, there seemed to be no way out for him. Yet, he had

always been a nice man and had never done any harm to anybody. 3. I began to understand what she

meant to say. 4. She is rather a good cook, isn't she? – Women of that kind always are. 5. Men of

this kind are always a great success with women. 6. You said you didn't come to the exam on

Monday because you were so ill you couldn't move. I don't believe it. I'm sure you were simply

afraid. 7. Couldn't you lend me a little more money? I am in a hopeless position.

XVI. Revise the story and discuss the following:

1. How does the author make the reader realize what kind of man Burton the Elder

was? Which method of characterization does he use, direct or indirect? (See Notes on Style, p.

120.)

2. Point out the lines and passages in which the ironical attitude of the author towards

Burton the Elder is felt. Is it expressed by lexical or syntactical means? (Analyse each case.)

Comment on the title of the story.

3. What is the message (the main idea) of the story?

XVII. Perform a dialogue between old Burton and his namesake.

Don't forget that old Burton was busy in his office, not very easily impressed,

indifferent to other people's troubles; his namesake was down and out, all to pieces and not in

very good condition to swim.

XVIII. Role-playing.

Role-play a Trial at which you will try Burton for wilful murder. It may be arranged in

the following way:

Student A – speaking for the judge.

Student A – speaking for the prosecution (he will describe all the facts proving Burton's

guilt).

Student С – speaking for the defence (he will try and present all the facts that may speak in

Burton's favour).

Student D – representing Burton (he will, naturally, try to defend himself).

Students E, F, G – acting as witnesses for the prosecution or the defence.

The rest of the group are acting as members of the jury and will bring a verdict of «guilty»

or "not guilty".

The judge conducts the trial, puts questions, examines the documents and evidence.

Counsel for the prosecution (прокурор) addresses the jury and presents his case, after

which he calls witnesses who swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

Counsel for the defence proceeds in the same way. The judge may interfere at any point and

ask questions.

When the two sides have presented their cases, the judge gives his summing up. The jury

retires to consider its verdict: Guilty or Not Guilty. If the defendant is found guilty, the judge passes

sentence on him.

XIX. Think of a different end to the story (comical, puzzling, etc.).

XX. Write a short story to illustrate the proverb "A friend in need is a friend

indeed". Use Essential Vocabulary of the lesson. Retell your story in class.

XXI. Translate the following sentences into English, using the word rather.

1. Эта книга довольно скучная, возьмите лучше другую. 2, Чемодан маловат, боюсь,

что вы не уложите в него всю одежду. 3. Еще чашечку чая? – Да, пожалуйста, 4. Эта новость

немного взволновала его. 5. Я, пожалуй, возьму эту пластинку. 6. Он скорее невежественен,

чем глуп. 7. Нас несколько удивил его ранний приход. 8. Она выглядела несколько усталой

после двухкилометровой прогулки. 9. Она показалась мне довольно красивой девушкой.

ХXII. a) Read the text:

Every summer many people, girls and women as well as boys and men, try to swim from

England to France or from France to England. The distance at the nearest points is only about twenty

miles, but because of the strong tides the distance that must be swum is usually more than twicе as

far.

There is a strong tide from the Atlantic Ocean. This divides in two in order to pass round the

British Isles. The two tides meet near the mouth of the Thames, and strong currents they cause make

it impossible to swim in a straight line across the Channel.

The first man to succeed in swimming the Channel was Captain Webb, an Englishman. This

was in August 1875. He landed in France 21 hours 45 minutes after entering the water at Dover.

Since then there have been many successful swims and the time has been shortened. One French

swimmer crossed it in 11 hours and 5 minutes.

Because the sea is usually cold, swimmers cover their bodies with grease. This, they say,

helps to keep out the cold. They are fed during the swim by men who go with them in small boats.

b) Retell the text above using the phrases in italic type.

c) Comment on the text. Say if you think such a competition is a sport.

XXIII. Try your hand at teaching.

1. Say what you would do in the teacher's position:

Anna, a fourth form pupil, surprised and shocked the children in class because of the long

dangling earrings she was wearing. At first the teacher decided to ignore this, hoping the children

would soon ignore it also. However, the subdued but excited noise continued. Everyone wanted to

see and touch the earrings.

2. Practise your Classroom English.

Prepare a short test on the vocabulary of Unit Six. Play the part of the teacher and give the

test in class, check it and comment on each work. (See "Classroom English". Sections VII, IX.)

LABORATORY EXERCISES (I)

1. Listen to the text «A Friend in Need», mark the stresses and tunes. Read the text

following the model.

2. a) Paraphrase the given sentences,

b) Make up sentences contrasting to the given ones using the verb need and a suggested

noun.

c) Respond to the remarks using the given pattern.

3. Write a spelling-translation test.

4. Change the given sentences according to the model.

5. Task I. Listen to the English sentences and write down the Russian translation. Check

your translation with the key (written work).

Task II. Translate your phrases back into English and check them with the key.

6. Listen to the text «The Story of Arthur Bloxham» or some other story on students'

life; write 10 questions to the text. Get ready to discuss it in class.

TOPIC: SPORTS AND GAMES

TEXT A. WHAT MAKES ALL PEOPLE KIN

People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. That is one thing in which

people of every nationality and class are united.

The most popular outdoor winter sports are shooting, hunting, hockey and, in the countries

where the weather is frosty and there is much snow – skating, skiing and tobogganing. Some people

greatly enjoy figure-skating and ski-jumping.

Summer affords excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting, cycling, gliding

and many other sports. Among outdoor games football takes the first place in public interest; this

game is played in all the countries of the world. The other games that have firmly established

themselves in favour in different countries are golf, lawn-tennis, cricket, volley-ball, basket-ball, and

so on. Badminton is also very popular.

All the year round many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, athletics, gymnastics and track

and field events. Scores of young girls and women go in for callisthenics.

Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table tennis, draughts and some others,

but the great international game is chess, of course. The results of chess tournaments are studied and

discussed by thousands of enthusiasts in different countries.

So we may say that sport is one of the things that makes all people kin.

TEXT B. SPORTS AND GAMES POPULAR IN ENGLAND

– What would you say are the most popular games in England today?

– Well, I suppose football, that is, soccer or rugger, and cricket.

– What are the other outdoor games?

– Oh, there's tennis, hockey, golf, and so on. Tennis is played all the year round – on hard

courts or grass courts in summer, and on hard or covered courts in winter.

– What about horse-racing?

– I should say that is one of the most popular sports in Great Britain. Then there are, of

course, walking-races, running, swimming and boxing.

– I've been told that there are no winter sports in England.

– Well, you see, the English winter isn't very severe as a rule, and we don't often have the

chance of skiing, skating or tobogganing, but winter is the great time for hunting, provided the

ground is not too hard.

– Is there any golf to be had near London?

– Oh, yes, any amount. There are dozens of good golf-links within an hour or so of London.

You ought to join a golf club if you're keen on the game.

– I think I shall if I get the chance. What about indoor games?

– Well, there's chess, billiards, cards, table tennis... By the way, do you play billiards?

– Well, I do, but of course, I'm not a professional or a champion, just an ordinary amateur,

and not a very good one at that,

TEXT C. THE FOOTBALL MATCH (A Conversation)

Characters – Mr. Priestley, Lucille, Frieda, Pedro, Olaf, Hob.

L u c i l l e : What splendid seats! We'll be able to see everything from here.

P e d r o : Yes, Jan has certainly looked after us well. We'll have to take him out to dinner

after the match.

T h e o t h e r s : Good idea, Pedro, we certainly must.

H o b : And we must shout for his team. I hope Jan is in form today.

M r . P r i e s t l e y : Ihope he is. I hear they are to choose the players tomorrow for

the international match and if he plays well today Jan may be chosen.

P e d r o : Yes, I heard that the Selection Committee would be at the match and I told Jan

he was to play his best today because they were watching him.

О 1 a f : It must be exciting to play in an international match.

P e d r o : Here are the teams coming out. Jan is leading the London team. He must be the

captain.

F r i e d a : Yes, he is.

H o b : Jan must be a good player.

O l a f : He is; you have to be a good player to be captain of London team.

L u с i l l e If Jan is chosen for the international match, will he have to give up his studies

and go into training?

F r i e d a : He mustn't do that. He must go on with his studies. They are more important

than football.

M г . Р г i e s l l e y : He needn't give up his studies. He has been playing regularly

and is in good form.

H o b : Jan's lost the toss and the Oxford captain has decided to play with the wind.

O l a f : Oh, well, they'll have to play against the wind in the second half. I see Jan is

playing centre-forward. He's just getting ready to kick off. There they go.

H o b : Come on, London!

(About an hour and a half later)

M r . P r i e s t l e y : This has been a grand game. I hardly remember ever seeing a

better one. Jan has played the game of his life.

L u c i l l e : I've nearly lost my voice with shouting "Come on, London!" Oh, I wish

London could win.

M r . P r i e s t l e y : I don't think they can. It must be nearly time now. It's one goal

each, and the Oxford defence is magnificent

O l a f : Yes, if my watch is right, they have three minutes to go.

F r i e d a : Look! Jan has got the ball. He's going like lightning towards the Oxford goal.

Oh, go on, Jan!

P e d r o : That Oxford centre-half is trying to stop him.

L u c i l l e : Go on, Jan. You mustn't let him stop you.

M r . P r i e s t l e y : Jan passed the ball to the inside right, a wonderful pass.

L u с i l 1 e : Oh! The inside-right is down; he's had to part with the ball.

O l a f : Look, Jan's got it again, he's beaten the fullback and is racing towards the goal.

H o b : Shoot, Jan, shoot! It's a goal!

P e d r o : Oh, what a shot! The goal-keeper hadn't a chance.

M r . P r i e s t l e y : And there's the whistle for full time, and London have won.

Well, they have to choose Jan for the international match now.

(From «Essential English for Foreign Students», Book 4, by C. E. Eckersley. A bridged)

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (II)

Words

Some popular sports

archery

skating

artistic

gymnastics (callisthenics)

skiing

boxing

cross-country skiing

car (motorcycle) racing

down-hill skiing

cycling

ski-jump

diving

slalom

fencing

sky

diving

(parachuting)

figure-skating

swimming

gymnastics

weight-lifting

gliding

windsurfing

hang gliding

wrestling

mountaineering

arm-wrestling

rowing and canoeing

yachting

athletics (track-and-field)

marathon (race)

discus (hammer,

javelin)

pole vault (vaulting)

throwing

race/run

high (long, triple) jump

shot putting

hurdle races

steeplechase

Some popular games

Open-air games

badminton n

net-ball n 56

56 net-ball: an English game, basically the same as basket-ball (played by women)

basket-ball n

rugby n (colloq. rugger)

cricket n

(lawn) tennis n

football n (colloq. soccer)

volley-ball n

golf n

water polo

hockey n

Indoor games

chess n

squash n

draughts n

table-tennis n

Sports Terms

amateur (professional) sport

cup (final, semi-final) match

indoor (outdoor or open-air) sports

championship n, е.g. national

football championship

sport n

compete v

sports n = events

competition n, е.g. inter-

sports adj, е.g. sports jacket

college cup competition

(shirt)

con'test v

sporting adj

'contest n, е.g. world gym nastics

tournament n

contest (rivalry in singing, beauty)

Participants

crew n (used for sportsmen

opponent (rival) n

rowing or sailing a boat)

sportsman (athlete) n

national (Olympic, college)

sportswoman n team

official (umpire, referee, judge) n

Audience

fan (colloq.) n, е.g. a foot-

spectator n

ball fan

sports enthusiast

shout for v

support v

Scoring system

best (record, fastest) time

point n, е.g. How many

defeat v

points have they won?

draw n, е.g. The match

runner-up n

ended in a draw.

score n, е.g. The score of the

draw v, е.g. The two teams drew.

game was 6:4 (six to four).

goal n

score v, е.g. He scored

lose v

20 points. Neither side

loser n

scored in the game (нe

victory n

забила гол).

Competition sites and sports equipment

barbell n

net n

beam n

play-ground n

chessboard n

puck n

chessman n

racket n

club (stick) n

rings n

discus n

ski jump

draughtsman n

sports hall

gym n

boxing gloves

javelin n

trampoline (батут) n

jumping (spring) board

uneven (parallel), asymmetric bars

Word Combinations

athletic training

to win the team (personal,

to follow a tournament

national, world) champion-

(competition, etc.)

ship

to kick the ball

to win by 2 (3, etc.) goals

to score a goal (20 points)

(points)

to keep the score

to win with the score 4 to 0

to end a game in a draw

in smb.'s favour

(to draw a game)

to set up (break) a record

to win a prize (a cup,

the record holder

victory)

the world (national, European) record

EXERCISES

I. Study Texts A and В and transcribe these words:

tobogganing, yachting, lawn-tennis, wrestling, athletics, gymnastics, callisthenics, billiards,

draughts, tournament, enthusiast, soccer, rugger, court, amateur.

II. Write 15 questions about Texts A and B; b) Retell Texts A and В (in indirect

speech). Evaluate the reports of your fellow students according to delivery: general