Текст книги "The Book of Lost Tales, Part Two"

Автор книги: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien

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For ilbrant ‘rainbow’ see I. 256 (Ilweran). The final element is teloth ‘roofing, canopy’: see I.267–8 (Teleri).

Cristhorn For Cris see Cris Ilbranteloth, and for thorn see I.266 (Sorontur). In NFG is the entry: ‘Cris Thorn is Eagles’ Cleft or Sornekiris.’

Cuilwarthon For cuil see I. 257 (Koiviл-nйni); the second element is not explained.

Cыm an-Idrisaith For cыm ‘mound’ see I.250 (Cыm a Gumlaith). Idrisaith is thus defined in GL: of ‘cf. avosaith, but that means avarice, money-greed, but idrisaith = excessive love of gold and gems and beautiful and costly things’ (for avosaith see Ausir). Related words are idra ‘dear, precious’, idra ‘to value, prize’, idri (оd) ‘a treasure, a jewel’, idril ‘sweetheart’ (see Idril).

Curufin presumably contains curu ‘magic’ see I.269 (Tolli Kuruvar).

Dairon GL includes this name but without etymological explanation: ‘Dairon the fluter (Qenya Sairon).’ See Mar Vanwa Tyaliйva below.

Danigwiel In GL the Gnomish form is Danigwethil; see I.266 (Taniquetil). NFG has an entry: ‘Danigwethil do the Gnomes call Taniquetil; but seek for tales concerning that mountain rather in the elfin name.’

(bo-)Dhrauthodavros ‘(Son of) the weary forest’. Gnomish drauth ‘weary, toilworn’, drauthos ‘toil, weariness’, drautha- ‘to be weary’ for the second element tavros see I.267 (Tavari).

Dor Athro See Artanor, Sarnathrod.

Dor-na-Dhaideloth For Gnomish dai ‘sky’ see I.268 (Telimektar), and for teloth ‘roofing, canopy’ see ibid. (Teleri); cf. Cris Ilbranteloth.

Dramborleg NFG has the following entry: ‘Dramborleg (or as it may be named Drambor) meaneth in its full form Thudder-sharp, and was the axe of Tuor that smote both a heavy dint as of a club and cleft as a sword; and the Eldar say Tarambor or Tarambolaika.’ QL gives Tarambor, Tarambolaike ‘Tuor’s axe’ under root TARA, TARAMA, ‘batter, thud, beat,’ with taran, tarambo ‘buffet’, and taru ‘horn’ (included here with a query: see Taruithorn). No Gnomish equivalents are cited in GL.

The second element is Gnomish leg, lкg ‘keen, piercing’, Qenya laika; cf. Legolast ‘keen-sight’, I. 267 (Tбri-Laisi).

Duilin NFG has the following entry: ‘Duilin whose name meaneth Swallow was the lord of that house of the Gondothlim whose sign was the swallow and was surest of the archers of the Eldaliл, but fell in the fall of Gondolin. Now the names of those champions appear but in Noldorissa, seeing that Gnomes they were, but his name would be in Eldarissa Tuilindo, and that of his house (which the Gnomes called Nos Duilin) Nossл Tuilinda.’ Tuilindo ‘(spring-singer), swallow’ is given in QL, see I.269 (Tuilйrл); GL has duilin(g) ‘swallow’, with duil, duilir ‘Spring’, but these last were struck through and in another part of the book appear tuil, tuilir ‘Spring’ (see I.269).

For nossл ‘kin, people’ see I.272 (Valinor); GL does not give nos in this sense, but has nosta- ‘be born’, nost ‘birth; blood, high birth; birthday’, and noss (changed to nфs) ‘birthday’. Cf. Nostna-Lothion ‘the Birth of Flowers’, Nos Galdon, Nos nan Alwen.

Eдrбmл For ea ‘eagle’ see I.251 (Eдrendel), and for rбmл see Alqarбmл. GL has an entry Iorothrarn,-urn ‘Qenya Eдrбmл or Eaglepinion, a name of one of Eдrendel’s boats’. For Gnomish ior, ioroth ‘eagle’ see I.251 (Eдrendel), and cf. the forms Earam, Earum as the name of the ship (pp. 260, 276).

Eдrendel See pp. 266–7 and I.251.

Eдrendilyon See I.251 (Eдrendel), and Indorion.

Ecthelion Both GL and NFG derive this name from ecthel ‘fountain’, to which corresponds Qenya ektelл. (This latter survived: cf. the entry kel- in the Appendix to The Silmarillion: ‘from et-kel “issue of water, spring” was derived, with transposition of the consonants, Quenya ehtelл, Sindarin eithel’. A later entry in GL gives aithil (<ektl) ‘a spring’.)—A form kektelл is also found in Qenya from root KELE, KELU: see I.257 (Kelusindi).

Egalmoth NFG has the following entry: ‘Egalmoth is a great name, yet none know clearly its meaning—some have said its bearer was so named in that he was worth a thousand Elves (but Rъmil says nay) and others that it signifies the mighty shoulders of that Gnome, and so saith Rъmil, but perchance it was woven of a secret tongue of the Gondothlim’ (for the remainder of this entry see p. 215). For Gnomish moth ‘1000’ see I.270 (Uin).

GL interprets the name as Rъmil did, deriving it from alm (< alрam-) ‘the broad of the back from shoulder to shoulder, back, shoulders’, hence Egalmoth = ‘Broadshoulder’ the name in Qenya is said to be Aikaldamor, and an entry in QL of the same date gives aika ‘broad, vast’, comparing Gnomish eg, egrin. These in turn GL glosses as ‘far away, wide, distant’ and ‘wide, vast, broad; far’ (as in Egla; see I.251 (Eldar)).

Eglamar See I.251 (Eldamar). NFG has the following entry: ‘Egla said the son of Bronweg was the Gnome name of the Eldar (now but seldom used) who dwelt in Kфr, and they were called Eglothrim [emended from Eglothlim] (that is Eldaliл), and their tongue Lam Eglathon or Egladrin. Rъmil said these names Egla and Elda were akin, but Elfrith cared not overmuch for such lore and they seem not over alike.’ With this cf. I. 251 (Eldar). GL gives lam ‘tongue’, and lambл is found in QL: a word that survived into later Quenya. In QL it is given as a derivative of root LAVA ‘lick’, and defined ‘tongue (of body, but also of land, or even = “speech”)’.

Eldarissa appears in QL (‘the language of the Eldar’) but without explanation of the final element. Possibly it was derived from the root ISI: ista ‘know’, issл ‘knowledge, lore’, iswa, isqa ‘wise’, etc.

Elfrith See pp. 201–2, and I.255 (Ilverin).

Elmavoitл ‘One-handed’ (Beren). See Ermabwed.

Elwing GL has the following entry: ‘Ailwing older spelling of Elwing = “lake foam”. As a noun = “white water-lily”. The name of the maiden loved by Ioringli’ (Ioringli = Eдrendel, see I.251). The first element appears in the words ail ‘lake, pool’, ailion ‘lake’, Qenya ailo, ailin—cf. later Aelin-uial. The second element is gwing ‘foam’: see I. 273 (Wingilot).

Erenol See I.252 (Eriol).

Ermabwed ‘One-handed’ (Beren). GL gives mab ‘hand’, amabwed, mabwed ‘having hands’, mabwedri ‘dexterity’, mabol ‘skilful’, mablios ‘cunning’, mablad, mablod ‘palm of hand’, mabrin(d) ‘wrist’. A related word in Qenya was said in GL to be mapa (root MAPA) ‘seize’, but this statement was struck out. QL has also a root MAHA with many derivatives, notably m (= maha) ‘hand’, mavoitл ‘having hands’ (cf. Elmavoitл).

Faiglindra ‘Long-tressed’ (Airin). Gnomish faigli ‘hair, long tresses (especially used of women)’ faiglion ‘having long hair’, and faiglim of the same meaning, ‘especially as a proper name’, Faiglim, Aurfaiglim ‘the Sun at noon’. With this is bracketed the word faiglin(d)ra.

Failivrin Together with fail ‘pale, pallid’, failthi ‘pallor’, and Failin a name of the Moon, GL gives Failivrin: ‘(1) a maid beloved by Silmo; (2) a name among the Gnomes of many maidens of great beauty, especially Failivrin of the Rothwarin in the Tale of Turumart.’ (In the Tale Rothwarin was replaced by Rodothlim.)

The second element is brin, Qenya vнrin, ‘a magic glassy substance of great lucency used in fashioning the Moon. Used of things of great and pure transparency.’ For vнrin see I.192–3.

Falasquil Three entries in NFG refer to this name (for falas see also I.253 (Falman)):

‘Falas meaneth (even as falas or falassл in Eldar) a beach.’

‘Falas-a-Gwilb the “beach of peace” was Falasquil in Elfin where Tuor at first dwelt in a sheltered cove by the Great Sea.’ -a-Gwilb is struck through and above is written, apparently, ‘Wilb or Wilma.

‘Gwilb meaneth “full of peace”, which is gwilm.’

GL gives gwоl, gwilm, gwilthi ‘peace’, and gwilb ‘quiet, peaceful’.

Fangluin ‘Bluebeard’. See Indrafang. For luin ‘blue’ see I.262 (Nielluin).

Foalуkл Under a root FOHO ‘hide, hoard, store up’ QL gives foa ‘hoard, treasure’, foina ‘hidden’, fфlл ‘secrecy, a secret’, fфlima ‘secretive’, and foalуkл ‘name of a serpent that guarded a treasure’. lуkл ‘snake’ is derived from a root LOKO ‘twine, twist, curl’.

GL originally had entries fы, fыl, fыn ‘hoard’, fыlug ‘a dragon (who guards treasure)’, and ulug ‘wolf’. By later changes this construction was altered to fuis ‘hoard’, fuithlug,-og (the form that appears in the text, p. 70), ulug ‘dragon’ (cf. Qenya lуkл). An entry in NFG reads: ‘Lыg is lуkл of the Eldar, and meaneth “drake”.’

Fфs’Almir (Earlier name of Faskala-nъmen; translated in the text (p. 115) ‘the bath of flame’.) For fфs ‘bath’ see I.253 (Faskalanъmen). GL gives three names: ‘Fфs Aura, Fфs’Almir, and Fфs na Ngalmir, i.e. Sun’s bath = the Western Sea.’ For Galmir, Aur, names of the Sun, see I.254 and I.271 (Ыr).

Fuithlug See Foalуkл.

Galdor For the entry in NFG concerning Galdor see p. 215; as first written galdon was there said to mean ‘tree’, and Galdor’s people to be named Nos Galdon. Galdon is not in GL. Subsequently galdon > alwen, and alwen does appear in GL, as a word of poetic vocabulary: alwen ‘= orn’.—Cf. Qenya alda ‘tree’ (see I.249 (Aldaron)), and the later relationship Quenya alda, Sindarin galadh.

Gar Thurion NFG has the earlier form Gar Furion (p. 202), and GL has furn, furion ‘secret, concealed’, also fыr ‘a lie’ (Qenya furu) and fur- ‘to conceal; to lie’. QL has furin and hurin ‘hidden, concealed’ (root FURU or HURU). With Thurion cf. Thuringwethil ‘Woman of Secret Shadow’, and Thurin ‘the Secret’, Finduilas’ name for Tъrin (Unfinished Tales pp. 157, 159).

Gil See I. 256 (Ingil).

Gilim See I. 260 (Melko).

Gimli GL has gimli ‘(sense of) hearing’, with gim-‘hear’, gimriol ‘attentive’ (changed to ‘audible’), gimri ‘hearkening, attention’. The hearing of Gimli, the captive Gnome in the dungeons of Tevildo, ‘was the keenest that has been in the world’ (p. 29).

Glamhoth GL defines this as ‘name given by the Goldothrim to the Orcin: People of Dreadful Hate’ (cf. ‘folk of dreadful hate’, p. 160). For Goldothrim see I. 262 (Noldoli). The first element is glвm ‘hatred, loathing’ other words are glamri ‘bitter feud’, glamog ‘loathsome’. An entry in NFG says: ‘Glam meaneth “fierce hate” and even as Gwar has no kindred words in Eldar.’

For hoth ‘folk’ see I.264 (orchoth in entry Orc), and cf. Goldothrim, Gondothlim, Rъmhoth, Thornhoth. Under root HOSO QL gives hos ‘folk’, hossл ‘army, band, troop’, hostar ‘tribe’, horma ‘horde, host’ also Sankossi ‘the Goblins’, equivalent of Gnomish Glamhoth, and evidently compounded of sankл ‘hateful’ (root S K ‘rend, tear’) and hossл.

Glend Perhaps connected with Gnomish glenn ‘thin, fine’, glendrin ‘slender’, glendrinios ‘slenderness’, glent, glentweth ‘thinness’ Qenya root LENE ‘long’, which developed its meaning in different directions: ‘slow, tedious, trailing’, and ‘stretch, thin’: lenka ‘slow’, lenwa ‘long and thin, straight, narrow’, lenu- ‘stretch’, etc.

Glingol For the entry in NFG, where the name is translated ‘singing-gold’, see p. 216; and see I.258 (Lindelos). The second element is culu ‘gold’, for which see I.255 (Ilsaluntл); another entry in NFG reads: ‘Culu or Culon is a name we have in poesy for Glor (and Rъmil saith that it is the Elfin Kulu, and-gol in our Glingol).’

Glorfalc For glor see I.258 (Laurelin). NFG has an entry: ‘Glor is gold and is that word that cometh in verse of the Kфr-Eldar laurл (so saith Rъmil).’

Falc is glossed in GL ‘(1) cleft, gash; (2) cleft, ravine, cliffs’ (also given is falcon ‘a great two-handed sword, twibill’, which was changed to falchon, and so close to English falchion ‘broadsword’). NFG has: ‘Falc is cleft and is much as Cris; being Elfin Falqa’ and under root F K in QL are falqa ‘cleft, mountain pass, ravine’ and falqan ‘large sword’. GL has a further entry: Glorfalc ‘a great ravine leading out of Garioth’. Garioth is here used of Hisilуmл see I.252 (Eruman). Cf. later Orfalch Echor.

Glorfindel For the entry in NFG, where the name is rendered ‘Goldtress’, see p. 216. For glor see I.258 (Laurelin), and Glorfalc. GL had an entry findel ‘lock of hair’, together with fith (fidhin) ‘a single hair’, fidhra ‘hairy’, but findel was struck out; later entries are finn ‘lock of hair’ (see fin- in the Appendix to The Silmarillion) and fingl or finnil ‘tress’. NFG: ‘Finndel is “tress”, and is the Elfin Findil.’ Under root FIRI QL gives findl ‘lock of hair’ and firin ‘ray of the sun’.

In another place in GL the name Glorfindel was given, and translated ‘Goldlocks’, but it was changed later to Glorfinn, with a variant Glorfingl.

Glorund For glor see I.258 (Laurelin), and Glorfalc. GL gives Glorunn ‘the great drake slain by Turumart’. Neither of the Qenya forms Laurundo, Undolaurл (p. 84) appear in QL, which gives an earlier name for ‘the great worm’, Fentor, together with fent ‘serpent’, fenumл ‘dragon’. As this entry was first written it read ‘the great worm slain by Ingilmo’ to this was added ‘or Turambar’.

Golosbrindi (Earlier name of Hirilorn, rendered in the text (p. 51) ‘Queen of the Forest’.) A word goloth ‘forest’ is given in GL, derived from *gw loth, which is itself composed of aloth (alos), a verse word meaning ‘forest’ (= taur), and the prefix *ngua > gwa, unaccented go, ‘together, in one’, ‘often used merely intensively’. The corresponding word in Qenya is said to be mбlos, which does not appear in QL.

Gondobar See Gondolin, and for -bar see I.251 (Eldamar). In GL the form Gondobar was later changed to Gonthobar.

Gondolin To the entries cited in I.254 may be added that in NFG: ‘Gond meaneth a stone, or stone, as doth Elfin on and ondo.’ For the statement about Gondolin (where the name is rendered ‘stone of song’) in NFG see p. 216; and for the latest formulation of the etymology of Gondolin see the Appendix to The Silmarillion, entry gond.

Gondothlim GL has the following entry concerning the word lim ‘many’, Qenya limbл (not in QL): ‘It is frequently suffixed and so becomes a second plural inflexion. In the singular it = English “many a”, as golda-lim. It is however most often suffixed to the plural in those nouns making their plural in -th. It then changes to -rim after -1. Hence great confusion with grim “host” and thlim “race”, as in Goldothrim (“the people of the Gnomes”).’ NFG has an entry: ‘Gondothlim meaneth “folk of stone” and (saith Rъmil) is Gond “stone”, whereto be added Hoth “folk” and that -lim we Gnomes add after to signify “the many”.’ Cf. Lothlim, Rodothlim, and Orclim in entry Balcmeg; for hoth see Glamhoth.

Gondothlimbar See Gondolin, Gondothlim, and for -bar see I.251 (Eldamar). In GL the form Gondothlimbar was later changed to ‘Gonthoflimar or Gonnothlimar’.

go- An original entry in GL, later struck out, was: gon-go- ‘son of, patronymic prefix (cf. suffix ios/ion/io and Qenya yф, yondo)’. The replacement for this is given above under bo-. See Indorion.

Gon Indor See go-, Indorion.

Gothmog See pp. 67, 216, and I.258 (Kosomot). GL has mog- ‘detest, hate’, mogri ‘detestation’, mogrin ‘hateful’ Qenya root MOKO ‘hate’. In addition to goth ‘war, strife’ (Qenya root KOSO ‘strive’) may be noted gothwen ‘battle’, gothweg ‘warrior’, gothwin ‘Amazon’, gothriol ‘warlike’, gothfeng ‘war-arrow’, gothwilm ‘armistice’.

Gurtholfin GL: Gurtholfin ‘Urdolwen, a sword of Turambar’s, Wand of Death’. Also given is gurthu ‘death’ (Qenya urdu; not in QL). The second element of the name is olfin(g) (also olf) ‘branch, wand, stick’ (Qenya olwen(n)).

It may be noted that in QL Turambar’s sword is given as Sangahyando ‘cleaver of throngs’, from roots SANGA ‘pack tight, press’ (sanga ‘throng’) and HYARA ‘plough through’ (hyar ‘plough’, hyanda ‘blade, share’). Sangahyando ‘Throng-cleaver’ survived to become the name of a man in Gondor (see the Appendix to The Silmarillion, entry thang).

Gwar See I.257 (Kфr, korin).

Gwarestrin Rendered in the Tale (p. 158) as ‘Tower of Guard’, and so also in NFG; GL glosses it ‘watchtower (especially as a name of Gondolin)’. A late entry in GL gives estirin, estirion, estrin ‘pinnacle’, beside esc ‘sharp point, sharp edge’. The second element of this word is tiri(o)n; see I.258 (Kortirion). For gwar see Amon Gwareth.

Gwedheling See I.273 (Wendelin).

Heborodin ‘The Encircling Hills.’ Gnomish preposition heb ‘round about, around’ hebrim ‘boundary’, hebwirol ‘circumspect’. For orod see I.256 (Kalormл).

Hirilorn GL gives hiril ‘queen (a poetic use), princess; feminine of bridhon’. For bridhon see Tevildo. The second element is orn ‘tree’. (It may be mentioned here that the word neldor ‘beech’ is found in QL; see the Appendix to The Silmarillion, entry neldor).

Idril For Gnomish idril ‘sweetheart’ see Cыm an-Idrisaith. There is another entry in GL as follows: Idhril ‘a girl’s name often confused with Idril. Idril = “beloved” but Idhril = “mortal maiden”. Both appear to have been the names of the daughter of Turgon—or apparently Idril was the older and the Kor-eldar called her Irildл (=Idhril) because she married Tuor.’ Elsewhere in GL appear idhrin ‘men, earth-dwellers; especially used as a folk-name contrasted with Eglath etc.; cf. Qenya indi’, and Idhru, Idhrubar ‘the world, all the regions inhabited by Men; cf. Qenya irmin’. In QL these words indi and irmin are given under root IRI ‘dwell?’, with irin ‘town’, indo ‘house’, indor ‘master of house’ (see Indor), etc.; but Irildл does not appear. Similar words are found in Gnomish: ind, indos ‘house, hall’, indor ‘master (of house), lord’.

After the entry in NFG on Idril which has been cited (p. 216) a further note was added: ‘and her name meaneth “Beloved”, but often do Elves say Idhril which more rightly compares with Irildл and that meaneth “mortal maiden”, and perchance signifies her wedding with Tuor son of Men.’ An isolated note (written in fact on a page of the Tale of the Nauglafring) says: ‘Alter name of Idril to Idhril. The two were confused: Idril = “beloved”, Idril = “maiden of mortals”. The Elves thought this her name and called her Irildл (because she married Tuor Pelecthon).’

Ilbranteloth See Cris Ilbranteloth.

Ilfiniol, Ilfrith See I.255 (Ilverin).

Ilъvatar An entry in NFG may be noticed here: ‘En do the mystic sayings of the Noldoli also name Ilathon [emended from Вd Ilon], who is Ilъvatar—and this is like the Eldar Enu.’ QL gives Enu, the Almighty Creator who dwells without the world. For Ilathon see I.255–6 (Ilwл).

Indor (Father of Tuor’s father Peleg). This is perhaps the word indor ‘master (of house), lord’ (see Idril) used as a proper name.

Indorion See go-. QL gives yф, yond- as poetic words for ‘son’, adding: ‘but very common as -ion in patronymics (and hence practically = “descendant”)’ also yondo ‘male descendant, usually (great) grandson’ (cf. Eдrendel’s name Gon Indor). Cf. Eдrendilyon.

Indrafang GL has indra ‘long (also used of time)’, indraluin ‘long ago’ also indravang ‘a special name of the nauglath or dwarves’, on which see p. 247. These forms were changed later to in(d)ra, in(d)rafang, in(d)raluin/idhraluin.

An original entry in GL was bang ‘beard’ = Qenya vanga, but this was struck out; and another word with the same meaning as Indravang was originally entered as Bangasur but changed to Fangasur. The second element of this is sыr ‘long, trailing’, Qenya sуra, and a later addition here is Surfang ‘a long-beard, a naugla or inrafang’. Cf. Fangluin, and later Fangorn ‘Treebeard’.

Irildл See Idril.

Isfin NFG has this entry: ‘Isfin was the sister of Turgon Lord of Gondolin, whom Eцl at length wedded; and it meaneth either “snow-locks” or “exceeding-cunning”.’ Long afterwards my father, noting that Isfin was ‘derived from the earliest (1916) form of The Fall of Gondolin’, said that the name was ‘meaningless’ but with the second element cf. finn ‘lock of hair’ (see Glorfindel) or fim ‘clever’, finthi ‘idea, notion’, etc. (see I.253 (Finwл)).

Ivбrл GL gives Ior ‘the famous “piper of the sea”, Qenya Ivбrл.’

Нverin A late entry in GL gives Aivrin or Aivrien ‘an island off the west coast of Tol Eressлa, Qenya Нwerin or Iverindor.’ QL has Нverind- ‘Ireland’.

Karkaras In GL this is mentioned as the Qenya form; the Gnomish name of ‘the great wolf-warden of Belca’s door’ was Carcaloth or Carcamoth, changed to Carchaloth, Carchamoth. The first element is carc ‘jag, point, fang’ QL under root K K has karka ‘fang, tooth, tusk’, karkassл, karkaras ‘row of spikes or teeth’.

Kosmoko See Gothmog.

Kurыki See I.269 (Tolli Kuruvar).

Ladwen-na-Dhaideloth ‘Heath of the Sky-roof’. See Dor-na-Dhaideloth. GL gives ladwen ‘(1) levelness, flatness; (2) a plain, heath; (3) a plane; (4) surface.’ Other words are ladin ‘level, smooth; fair, equable’ (cf. Tumladin), lad ‘a level’ (cf. mablad ‘palm of hand’ mentioned under Ermabwed), lada- ‘to smooth out, stroke, soothe, beguile’, and ladwinios ‘equity’. There are also words bladwen ‘a plain’ (see I.264 (Palъrien)), and fladwen ‘meadow’ (with flad ‘sward’ and Fladweth Amrod (Amrog) ‘Nomad’s Green’, ‘a place in Tol Erethrin where Eriol sojourned a while; nigh to Tavrobel.’ Amrog, amrod = ‘wanderer’, ‘wandering’, from amra- ‘go up and down, live in the mountains, wander’ see Amon Gwareth).

Laiqalassл See I.267 (Tбri-laisi), I.254 (Gar Lossion).

Laurundo See Glorund.

Legolas See Laiqalassл.

Lindeloktл See I. 258 (Lindelos).

Linwл Tinto See I.269 (Tinwл Linto).

Lуkл See Foalуkл.

Lфs See I.254 (Gar Lossion). The later form loth does not appear in GL (which has however lothwing ‘foamflower’). NFG has ‘Lфs is a flower and in Eldarissa lossл which is a rose’ (all after the word ‘flower’ struck out).

Lуsengriol As with lфs, the later form lothengriol does not appear in GL. Losengriol is translated ‘lily of the valley’ in GL, which gives the Gnomish words eng ‘smooth, level’, enga ‘plain, vale’, engri ‘a level’, engriol ‘vale-like; of the vale’. NFG says ‘Eng is a plain or vale and Engriol that which liveth or dwelleth therein’, and translates Lуsengriol ‘flower of the vale or lily of the valley’.

Los ’lуriol (changed from Los Glуriol; the Golden Flower of Gondolin). See I.254 (Gar Lossion), and for glуriol ‘golden’ see I.258 (Laurelin).

Loth, Lothengriol See Lфs, Lуsengriol.

Lothlim See Lфs and Gondothlim. The entry in NFG reads: ‘Lothlim being for Loslim meaneth folk of the flower, and is that name taken by the Exiles of Gondolin (which city they had called Lфs aforetime).’

Mablung For mab ‘hand’ see Ermabwed. The second element is lung ‘heavy; grave, serious’ related words are lungra- ‘weigh, hang heavy’, luntha ‘balance, weigh’, lunthang ‘scales’.

Malkarauki See I.250 (Balrog).

Mar Vanwa Tyaliйva See I.260 and add: a late entry in GL gives the Gnomish name, Bara Dhair Haithin, the Cottage of Lost Play; also daira- ‘play’ (with dairwen ‘mirth’, etc.), and haim or haithin ‘gone, departed, lost’ (with haitha- ‘go, walk’, etc.). Cf. Dairon.

Mathusdor (Aryador, Hisilуmл). In GL are given math ‘dusk’, mathrin ‘dusky’, mathusgi ‘twilight’, mathwen ‘evening’. See Umboth-muilin.

Mavwin A noun mavwin ‘wish’ in GL was struck out, but related words allowed to stand: mav- ‘like’, mavra ‘eager after’, mavri ‘appetite’, mavrin ‘delightful, desirable’, mavros ‘desire’, maus ‘pleasure; pleasant’. Mavwin’s name in Qenya, Mavoinл, is not in QL, unless it is to be equated with maivoinл ‘great longing’.

Meleth A noun meleth ‘love’ is found in GL; see I.262 (Nessa).

Melian, Melinon, Melinir None of these names occur in the glossaries, but probably all are derivatives of the stem mel- ‘love’ see I.262 (Nessa). The later etymology of Melian derived the name from mel- ‘love’ (Melyanna ‘dear gift’).

Meoita, Miaugion, Miaulл See Tevildo.

Mindon-Gwar For mindon ‘tower’ see I. 260 (Minethlos); and for Gwar see p. 291 and I.257 (Kфr, korin).

Morgoth See p. 67 and Gothmog. For the element mor- see I.261 (Morniл).

Mormagli, Mormakil See I.261 (Morniл) and I.259 (Makar).

Nan Dumgorthin See p. 62. For nan see I.261 (Nandini).

Nantathrin This name does not occur in the Lost Tales, where the Land of Willows is called Tasarinan, but GL gives it (see I.265 (Sirion)) and NFG has an entry: ‘Dor-tathrin was that Land of Willows of which this and many a tale tells.’ GL has tathrin ‘willow’, and QL tasarin of the same meaning.

Nauglafring GL has the following entry: ‘Nauglafring = Fring na Nauglithon, the Necklace of the Dwarves. Made for Ellu by the Dwarves from the gold of Glorund that Mоm the fatherless cursed and that brought ruin on Beren Ermabwed and Damrod his son and was not appeased till it sank with Elwing beloved of Eвrendel to the bottom of the sea.’ For Damrod (Daimord) son of Beren see pp. 139, 259, and for the loss of Elwing and the Nauglafring see pp. 255, 264. This is the only reference to the ‘appeasing’ of Mоm’s curse.—Gnomish fring means ‘carcanet, necklace’ (Qenya firinga).

Nнniel Cf. Gnomish nоn ‘tear’, ninios ‘lamentation’, ninna-‘weep’ see I.262 (Nienna).

Nнnin-Udathriol (‘Unnumbered Tears’). See Nнniel. GL gives tathn ‘number’, tathra- ‘number, count’, udathnarol, udathriol ‘innumerable’. Ы- is a ‘negative prefix with any part of speech’. (QL casts no light on Nieriltasinwa, p. 84, apart from the initial element nie ‘tear’, see I.262 (Nienna).)

Noldorissa See Eldarissa.

Nos Galdon, Nos nan Alwen See Duilin, Galdor.

Nost-na-Lothion See Duilin.

Parma Kuluinen The Golden Book, see p. 310. This entry is given in QL under root PARA: parma ‘skin, bark; parchment; book, writings’. This word survived in later Quenya (The Lord of the Rings III. 401). For Kuluinen see Glingol.

Peleg (Father of Tuor). GL has a common noun peleg ‘axe’, verb pelectha- ‘hew’ (QL pelekko ‘axe’, pelekta- ‘hew’). Cf. Tuor’s name Pelecthon in the note cited under Idril.

Ramandur See I.259 (Makar).

Rog GL gives an adjective rфg, rog ‘doughty, strong’. But with the Orcs’ name for Egnor Beren’s father, Rog the Fleet, cf. arog ‘swift, rushing’, and raug of the same meaning; Qenya arauka.

Rфs GL gives yet another meaning of this name: ‘the Sea’ (Qenya Rбsa).

Rodothlim See Rothwarin (earlier form replaced by Rodothlim).

Rothwarin GL has this name in the forms Rothbarin, Rosbarin: ‘(literally “cavern-dwellers”) name of a folk of secret Gnomes and also of the regions about their cavernous homes on the banks of the river.’ Gnomish words derived from the root ROTO ‘hollow’ are rod ‘tube, stem’, ross ‘pipe’, roth ‘cave, grot’, rothrin ‘hollow’, rodos ‘cavern’ QL gives rotsл ‘pipe’, rуta ‘tube’, ronta, rotwa ‘hollow’, rotelл ‘cave’.

Rъmhoth See Glamhoth.

Rъsitaurion GL gives a noun rыs (rфs) ‘endurance, longsuffering, patience’, together with adjective rф ‘enduring, longsuffering; quiet, gentle’, and verb rф-‘remain, stay; endure’. For taurion see I.267 (Tavari).

Sarnathrod Gnomish sarn ‘a stone’ for athrod ‘ford’ see Artanor.

Sarqindi (‘Cannibal-ogres’). This must derive from the root S K given in QL, with derivatives sarko ‘flesh’, sarqa ‘fleshy’, sarkuva ‘corporeal, bodily’.

Silpion An entry in NFG (p. 215) translates the name as ‘Cherrymoon’. In QL is a word pio ‘plum, cherry’ (with piukka ‘blackberry’, piosenna ‘holly’, etc.), and also Valpio ‘the holy cherry of Valinor’. GL gives Piosil and Silpios, without translation, as names of the Silver Tree, and also a word piog ‘berry’.

Taimonto See I.268 (Telimektar).

Talceleb, Taltelepta (Name of Idril/Irildл, ‘of the Silver Feet’.) The first element is Gnomish tвl ‘foot (of people and animals)’ related words are taltha ‘foot (of things), base, pedestal, pediment’, talrind, taldrin ‘ankle’, taleg, taloth ‘path’—another name for the Way of Escape into Gondolin was Taleg Uthwen (see Bad Uthwen). QL under root TALA ‘support’ gives tala ‘foot’, talwi (dual) ‘the feet’, talas ‘sole’, etc. For the second element see I.268 (Telimpл). QL gives the form telepta but without translation.

Tarnin Austa For tarn ‘gate’ see I.261 (Moritarnon). GL gives aust ‘summer’ cf. Aur ‘the Sun’, I.271 (Ыr).

Taruithorn, Taruktarna (Oxford). GL gives tвr ‘horn’ and tarog ‘ox’ (Qenya taruku-), Taruithron older Taruitharn ‘Oxford’. Immediately following these words are tarn ‘gate’ and taru ‘(1) cross (2) crossing’. QL has taru ‘horn’ (see Drambolreg), tarukka ‘horned’, tarukko, tarunko ‘bull’, Taruktarna ‘Oxford’, and under root TARA tara- ‘cross, go athwart’, tarna ‘crossing, passage’.

Tasarinan See Nantathrin.

Taurfuin See I.267 (Tavari) and I.253 (Fui).

Teld Quing Ilon NFG has an entry: ‘Cris a Teld Quing Ilon signifieth Gully of the Rainbow Roof, and is in the Eldar speech Kiris Iluqingatelda’ a Teld Quing Ilon was struck out and replaced by Ilbranteloth. Another entry reads: ‘Ilon is the sky’ in GL Ilon (= Qenya Ilu) is the name of Ilъvatar (see I.255 (Ilwл)). Teld does not appear in GL, but related words as telm ‘roof’ are given (see I.267–8 (Teleri)); and cwing = ‘a bow’. QL has iluqinga ‘rainbow’ (see I.256 (Ilweran)) and telda ‘having a roof’ (see I.268 (Telimektar)). For Cris, Kiris see Cris Ilbranteloth.

Tevildo, Tifil For the etymology see I.268, to which can be added that the earlier Gnomish form Tifil (later Tiberth) is associated in GL with a noun tоf ‘resentment, ill-feeling, bitterness’.

Vardo Meoita ‘Prince of Cats’: for Vardo see I.273 (Varda). QL gives meoi ‘cat’.

Bridhon Miaugion ‘Prince of Cats’: bridhon ‘king, prince’, cf. Bridhil, Gnomish name of Varda (I.273). Nouns miaug, miog ‘tomcat’ and miauli ‘she-cat’ (changed to miaulin) are given in GL, where the Prince of Cats is called Tifli Miothon or Miaugion. Miaulл was the name of Tevildo’s cook (p. 28).

Thorndor See I.266 (Sorontur).

Thornhoth See Glamhoth.

Thorn Sir See I.265 (Sirion).

Tifanto This name is clearly to be associated with the Gnomish words (tif-, tifin) given in I.268 (Tinfang).

Tifil See Tevildo.

Tirin See I.258 (Kortirion).

Tфn a GwedrinTфn is a Gnomish word meaning ‘fire (on a hearth)’, related to tan and other words given under Tanyasalpл (I.266—7); Tфn a Gwedrin ‘the Tale-fire’ in Mar Vanwa Tyaliйva. Cf. Tфn Sovriel ‘the fire lake of Valinor’ (sovriel ‘purification’, sovri ‘cleansing’ sфn ‘pure, clean’, soth ‘bath’, sф- ‘wash, clean, bathe’).

Gwedrin belongs with cwed- (preterite cwenthi) ‘say, tell’, cweth ‘word’, cwent ‘tale, saying’, cwess ‘saying, proverb’, cwedri ‘telling (of tales)’, ugwedriol ‘unspeakable, ineffable’. In QL under root QETE are qet-(qentл) ‘speak, talk’, quent ‘word’, qentelл ‘sentence’, Eldaqet = Eldarissa, etc. Cf. the Appendix to The Silmarillion, entry quen-(quet-).