Текст книги "Literary History of the Arabs "

Автор книги: Reynolds Nicholson

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–Kadhdhab (title of Musaylima), 183

Kafur (Ikhshidite), 306, 307

Kahlan, 14

–Kalabadhi, 338

-kalam(Scholasticism), 363, 378

Kalb (tribe), 199, 405

kalb, 445

Kalila and Dimna, the Book of, 346, 363

–Kamala (title), 88

-kamil(metre), 75

-Kamilof Ibnu ’l-Athir, 355, 379, 429. See Ibnu ’l-Athir

-Kamilof -Mubarrad, 92, 131, 202, 226, 227, 237, 244, 343

kanwakan(a species of verse), 450

Karbala, 196, 198, 208, 216, 218, 243, 466

Kariba’il Watar, 10

–Karkh, a quarter of Baghdad, 267, 385

kasb, 379

Kashfu ’l-Zunun, 456

-Kashshaf, 145

katib(secretary), 257, 326

Kawadh (Sasanian), 42

Kerbogha, 446

Khadija, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157

-khafif(metre), 75

Khalaf, 421

Khalaf al-Ahmar, 97, 134, 293, 344

Khalid b. -Mudallil, 43

Khalid b. -Walid, 184

Khalid b. Yazid, 358

khalifa(Caliph), xxvii, 175

–Khalil b. Ahmad, 75, 285, 343

Khamir (village), 19

-Khamriyya, by Ibnu ’l-Farid, 396

khamriyyat, 294

khanaqah(monastery), 229

–Khansa (poetess), 126, 127

Kharidatu ’l-Qasr, 348

khariji(Kharijite), 209

Kharijites, the, 193, 207, 208-213, 221, 222, 239, 248, 259, 428

Kharmaythan, 360

–Khasib, 373

khatib, 271

–Khatib, of Baghdad, 355

–Khatim b.‘Adi, 94, 96

–Khawarij. See Kharijites, the

–Khawarnaq (castle), 40, 41

–Khaybar, 50

–Khayf, 237

Khazaza, battle of, 5

–Khazraj (tribe), 170

Khedivial dynasty, the, 468

Khidash b. Zuhayr, 95, 96

Khindif, xix

-Khitat, by -Maqrizi, 453

Khiva, 361, 444

Khizanatu ’l-Adab, 131

Khuda Bukhsh, S., 279

Khuday-nama, 348

Khulafa al-Rashidun, xxvii. See Caliphs, the Orthodox

Khurasan, xxviii, 129, 132, 220, 221, 232, 233, 239, 249, 250, 251, 254, 256, 258, 263, 265, 266, 275, 303, 339, 341, 379, 390, 391, 419, 444

Khurasan, dialect of, 339

khuruj(secession), 209

Khusraw Parwez. See Parwez

khutba, 263, 328

Khuza‘a (tribe), 63, 64, 65

Khuzayma (tribe), xix

Khuzistan, 266, 274, 293, 358

Khwarizm, 357, 361, 444

–Khwarizmi (Abu ‘Abdallah), 361

-kibrit al-ahmar, 399

Kilab (tribe), 246

Kilab b. Murra, 64

-kimiya(the Philosophers' Stone), 401

Kimiya’u ’l-Sa‘adat, 340

-kimiya’un(the Alchemists), 364

Kinana (tribe), xix, 64

Kinda (tribe), xviii, 42, 43, 69, 85, 103, 104, 360

–Kïndi, 288, 360

–Kisa’i (philologist), 261, 343

Kisra (title), 45

Kitabu ’l-Aghani(the Book of Songs), 19, 26, 31, 32, 37, 43, 44, 46, 47, 53, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 94, 102, 104, 109, 110, 123, 124, 131, 134, 138, 139, 150, 200, 205, 216, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 270, 279, 291, 292, 297, 345, 347, 374, 419

Kitabu ’l-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya, 338

Kitabu ’l-Akhbar al-Tiwal, 349

Kitabu ’l-Amali, 131

Kitabu Ansabi ’l-Ashraf, 349

-Kitab al-Awsat, 353

Kitabu ’l-‘Ayn, 343

Kitabu ’l-Badi‘, 325

Kitabu ’l-Bayan wa-’l-Tabyin, 347

Kitabu ’l-Falahat al-Nabatiyya, xxv Kitabu Futuhi ’l-Buldan, 349

Kitabu ’l-Hayawan, 346, 375

Kitabu ’l-‘Ibar, by Dhahabi, 339

Kitabu ’l-‘Ibar, by Ibn Khaldun, 437

Kitabu, ’l-Ibil, 345

Kitabu ’l-Ishtiqaq, 343

Kitabu ’l-Kamil fi ’l-Ta’rikh, 355. See -Kamil of Ibnu ’l-Athir

Kitabu Khalq al-Insan, 345

Kitabu ’l-Khayl, 345

Kitabu ’l-Luma‘, 393

Kitabu ’l-Ma‘arif, xviii, 202, 223, 224, 345, 346

Kitabu ’l-Maghazi, by Musa b. ‘Uqba, 247

Kitabu ’l-Maghazi, by -Waqidi, 144

-Kitab al-Mansuri, 265

Kitabu ’l-Masalik wa-’l-Mamalik, 356

Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal, by Ibn Hazm, 341, 427, 428

Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal, by -Shahrastani, 341. See -Shahrastani

Kitabu ’l-Muluk wa-akhbar al-Madin, 13

Kitabu ’l-Shi‘r wa-’l-Shu‘ara, 75, 78, 105, 117, 257, 293, 346

Kitabu ’l-Ta‘arruf li-Madhhabi ahli ’l-Tasawwuf, 338

Kitabu ’l-Tabaqat al-Kabir, 144

Kitabu ’l-Tanbih wa-’l-Ishraf, 353, 354

-Kitab al-Yamini, 355

Kitabu ’l-Zuhd, 247

Koran, the, xvii, xx, xxii-xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 1, 2, 3, 15, 17, 18, 27, 68, 74, 91, 102, 119, 132, 134, 141-143, 144-152, 154-156, 158, 159-168, 169, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 184, 185, 187, 192, 201, 203, 207-212, 215, 221, 223, 225, 231, 234, 235, 237, 247, 249, 273, 277, 278, 279, 282, 284, 287, 294, 318, 327, 329, 330, 342, 343, 344, 363, 365, 368, 369, 375, 378, 379, 397, 398, 403, 408, 417, 433, 449, 454, 455, 460, 461, 462, 463, 467

Koran, the, derivation of, 159; collection of, 142; historical value of, 143; arrangement of, 143, 161; style of, 159, 318, 368; not poetical as a whole, 160; held by Moslems to be the literal Word of God, 159, 235; heavenly archetype of, 151, 163, 368; revelation of, 150-152, 159; designed for oral recitation, 161; commentaries on, 144, 145, 351, 455; imitations of, 318, 368, 375; dispute as to whether it was created or not, 262, 368, 369

Koran-readers ( -qurra), the, 209, 210, 277

Kosegarten, 128

Krehl, L., 151, 360

Kremer, Alfred von, 13, 14, 18, 19, 23, 24, 101, 139, 140, 220, 221, 225, 233, 279, 281, 302, 304, 316, 318, 321, 323, 324, 360, 373, 379, 383, 399, 439

–Kufa, xxiv, 38, 70, 127, 133, 134, 186, 189, 193, 196, 198, 202, 207-210, 215, 218, 219, 229, 250, 253, 291, 293, 296, 304, 342, 343, 344

–Kulab, battle of, 253

Kulayb (tribe), 244, 245

Kulayb b. Rabi‘a, 5, 55, 56, 57, 76, 93

Kulayb b. Wa’il, 110. See Kulayb b. Rabi‘a

Kulthum b. Malik, 110

–Kumayt (poet), 138

kunya(name of honour), 45, 50, 112

–Kusa‘i, 244

Kuthayyir (poet), 216

-kutub al-sitta(the Six Books), 337

–Kutubi, 449, 452

L

La Fontaine, 469

Labid (poet), 50, 109, 119-121, 128, 139, 140

Lagrange, Grangeret de, 396, 417

Lahore, 268

Lakhmites, the, of -Hira, 33, 38, 39-49, 54, 69

Lamis (name of a woman), 82

Lamiyyatu ’l-‘Ajam, 326

Lamiyyatu ’l-‘Arab, 79, 80, 89, 134, 326

Lamta (tribe), 429

Lamtuna (tribe), 429

Lane, E. W., 53, 164, 448, 459

Lane-Poole, Stanley, 264, 275, 371, 432

–Lat (goddess), 135, 155

Lata’ifu ’l-Minan, 464

Latifi (Turkish biographer), 460

Laus duplex (rhetorical figure), 311

Law, Muhammadan, the schools of, 283, 284, 363, 465; the first corpus of, 337

Lawaqihu ’l-Anwar, 225, 226, 392

–Lawh al-Mahfuz, 163, 378

Layla, mother of ‘Amr b. Kulthum, 44, 109, 110

Layla, the beloved of -Majnun, 238

Le Strange, G., 256, 356, 357

Learning, Moslem enthusiasm for, 281

Lees, Nassau, 386

Leo the Armenian, 359

Letter-writing, the art of, 267

Lexicon, the first Arabic, 343

Library of Nuh II, the Samanid, 265, 266; of Hakam II, the Spanish Umayyad, 419

Linguistic Sciences, the, 282

Lippert, 370

Lisanu ’l-Arab, 456

Lisanu ’l-Din Ibnu ’l-Khatib. See Ibnu ’l-Khatib

Literary culture despised by the Arabs, 278

litham, 423

Littmann, Enno, 73

Logos, the, 403

Lollards, the, 374

Longland, 450

Loth, O., 1

Lourdes, 382

Love, Divine, the keynote of Sufiism, 231; two kinds of, 234; an ineffable mystery, 387; hymn of, 396; in Sufi poetry, 234, 397, 398, 402, 403

Loyalty, as understood by the heathen Arabs, 83-85

Lucian, 319

-lugha(Lexicography), 283

Luhayy, 63

Lull, Raymond, 404

Lu’lu’, 304

Luqman b. ‘Ad (king), 2, 14

-Luzumiyyat, 315, 316, 319, 323, 324

Luzumu ma la yalzam, 315. See -Luzumiyyat

Lyall, Sir Charles, 32, 54, 71, 75, 82, 89, 92, 97, 101, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 125, 129, 139, 140, 149

M

Ma’ al-Sama (surname), 41

Ma’ab, 63

ma‘ad(place of return), 215

Ma‘add, xix, xx, 112

Ma‘arratu ’l-Nu‘man, 313, 314, 323

–Ma‘arri (Abu ’l-‘Ala), 448. See Abu ’l-‘Ala al-Ma‘arri

Ma‘bad (singer), 236

Ma‘bad al-Juhani, 224

Macbeth, Arabian parallel to an incident in, 25

Macdonald, D. B., 273, 378, 382, 433

Macedonia, 276

Machiavelli, 439

Macoraba, 5, 62

Madagascar, 352

–Mada’in (Ctesiphon), 29, 33, 46, 47, 48. See Ctesiphon

Mada’in Salih, 3

-madh al-muwajjah, 311

-madid(metre), 98

madih(panegyric), 78, 294

Madinatu ’l-Salam, 255. See Baghdad

Madrid, 420

mafakhir, 100

maghazi, 247

–Maghrib, 460

Magi (Magians), the. See Zoroastrians, the

Magian fire-temple at Balkh, the, 259

Mahaffy, J. P., 82

Mahdi, the, 216, 217, 248, 249, 274, 431

–Mahdi, the Caliph, 103, 128, 257, 258, 296, 343, 367, 373, 374, 418

–Mahdiyya, 274

Mahmud (Ghaznevid), 268-269, 355

Mahra, dialect of, xxi

Maimonides, 434

Majdu ’l-Din al-Fúrúzábádú. See -Fúrúzábádú -Majmu‘ al-Mubarak, 355

–Majnun, 238

majnun, 165

Malaga, 410, 421, 428, 434

Malik (boon companion of Jadhima), 35

Malik (brother of Qays b. Zuhayr), 61

Malik the Azdite, 34

Malik, the slayer of -Khatim b. ‘Adi, 94, 95

Malik b. Anas, 284, 337, 366, 408

–Malik al-Dillil (title of Imru’u ’l-Qays), 104

–Malik al-Kamil (Ayyubid), 395, 434

–Malik al-Salih Najmu’l-Din (Ayyubid), 447

Malik Shah (Seljuq), 275, 276, 326, 340

–Malik al-Zahir (Ayyubid), 275

–Malik al-Zahir Baybars. See Baybars, Sultan

Malikite books burned by the Almohades, 433

Malikite school of Law, the, 408

Mameluke dynasty, the, xxix, 442, 446, 447, 448, 453, 464

Mamelukes, the, 413

mamluk, 447

–Ma’mun, the Caliph, 92, 129, 255, 257, 262, 283, 284, 302, 343, 358-359, 361, 368, 369, 373, 388

Manat (goddess), 135, 155

Mandeville, Sir John, xxv

Manfred, 441

–Manfuha, 124

Mani (Manes), 364, 375

Manichæans, the, 218, 297, 341, 372-375. See Zindiqs, the

–Mansur, the Caliph, 128, 206, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258-259, 291, 314, 337, 346, 349, 358, 373, 407

Mansur I (Samanid), 265, 352

–Mansur Ibn Abi ‘Amir, 412, 413, 426

Mantle Ode (-Burda), the, 326, 327

maqama, 328

-Maqamat, of Badi‘u ’l-Zaman al– Hamadhani, 328, 329

-Maqamat, of -Hariri, 329-336

Maqamu Ibrahim, 63

–Maqdisi. See -Muqaddasi

–Maqqari, 399, 401, 413, 418, 419, 427, 436, 454

–Maqrizi (Taqiyyu ’l-Din), 453

-Maqsura, 343

Marabout, modern form of murabit, 430

Marasidu ’l-Ittila‘, 357

marathi, 294

Marathon, battle of, 174

Marcion, 364

Margoliouth, Prof. D. S., xxiv, 183, 267, 314, 316, 317, 319, 357, 469

Mariaba, 5

Ma’rib, 2, 5, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 50. See Dyke of Ma’rib

Maridin, 449

ma‘rifat(gnosis), 386

Marinid dynasty, the, 442

Mariya, mother of -Mundhir III, 41

Mariya (name of a handmaiden), 46, 47

Mariya of the Ear-rings, 50

Marj Rahit, battle of, 199

Marr al-Zahran, 95

Marriage, a loose form of, prevailing among the Shi‘ites, 262

Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi, 385, 386, 388

Marwan I (Umayyad Caliph), 199

Marwan II (Umayyad Caliph), 181, 251, 253, 347

–Marzuqi (philologist), 128

Masabihu ’l-Sunna, 337

Masaliku ’l-Mamalik, 356

-mashaf, 294

Mashhad -Husayn, 466

Maslama b. Ahmad, 420

Masruq, 28

Mas‘ud, Sultan, 329. See Ghiyathu ’l-Din Mas‘ud

–Mas‘udi, 13, 15, 37, 195, 203, 205, 206, 259, 260, 267, 349, 352-354, 387, 456

Materia Medica, by Ibnu ’l-Baytar, 434

mathalib, 100, 280

Mathnawi, the, by Jalalu ’l-Din Rumi, 404

-Matin, 428

matla‘, 309

matn, 144

Mauritania, 412

-Mawa‘iz wa ’l-I‘tibar fi dhikri ’l-Khitat wa ’l-Athar, 453

–Mawali (the Clients), 198, 207, 219, 222, 248, 250, 278, 279, 373

–Mawali (the Clients), coalesce with the Shi‘ites, 198, 219, 220, 250; treated with contempt by the Arabs, 219, 248, 278, 279; their culture, 248; their influence, 278, 279

mawaliyya, a species of verse, 450

–Mawardi, 337, 338

Mawiyya, mother of -Mundhir III, 41

Mawiyya, wife of Hatim of Tayyi’, 87

–Maydani, 31. See Proverbs, Arabic

Maymun b. Qays. See -A‘shaMaysun, 195

Mazdak, 42, 258, 364

Mazyar, 375

Mecca, xviii, xxiii, xxvi, xxvii, 2, 3, 5, 6, 22, 28, 53, 62, 63, 64, 65-68, 101, 102, 114, 117, 146, 150, 154-156, 158, 169, 171, 174, 175, 196, 198, 202, 236, 249, 274, 319, 339, 340, 395, 396, 429, 431, 434, 439, 466, 468

Mecca, Pre-islamic history of, 62; attacked by the Abyssinians, 66-69; submits to the Prophet, 64, 175

Mecca, the dialect of, xxiii

Meccan Revelations, the, 464. See Futuhat al-Makkiyya

Meccan Surasof the Koran, the, 160-168

Media, 356

Medina (-Madina), xxvi, xxvii, 3, 21, 22, 49, 50, 52, 62, 71, 84, 150, 157, 158, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 176, 177, 181, 185, 186, 188, 198, 208, 209, 236, 241, 243, 337, 339, 365, 466, 468

Medina, Surasof the Koran revealed at, 175, 176

Mediterranean Sea, the, 5, 255, 275, 404, 412, 444

Merv, 252, 346

Merx, A., 384, 389

Mesopotamia, 35, 186, 238, 240, 269, 355, 358, 385, 388, 411, 446

Messiah, Moslem beliefs regarding the, 215-217, 248, 249. See Mahdi, the

Metempsychosis, the doctrine of, 267

Metres, the Arabian, 74, 75

Mevlevi dervish order, the, 393

mihna, 368

–Mihras, 124

Mihrgan, Persian festival, 250

Milton, 212

Mina, 119

Minæan language, the, xxi

Minæans, the, 7

minbar(pulpit), 199

Minqar, 57

Miqlab (castle), 24

Miracles demanded by the Quraysh from Muhammad, 165; falsely attributed to Muhammad, 166

-Mi‘raj(the Ascension of the Prophet), 169, 403

Mir’atu ’l-Zaman, 355

Mishkatu ’l-Masabih, 337

Misr(Old Cairo), 394

misra‘(hemistich), 74

-Mishar, 455. See -Muzhir

Moguls, the Great, xxix, 444

Moliere, 469

Monasticism, alien to Islam, 225

Mongol Invasion, the, xxiv, xxix, xxx, 272, 277, 326, 443, 444-446

Mongols, the, 254, 264, 275, 442, 443, 462. See Mongol Invasion, the

Monte Cristo, 469

Montrose, 191

Mordtmann, 9

Morocco, 264, 341, 423, 424, 430, 431, 442

Moses, 165, 172, 185, 215, 273, 397

Moslem, meaning of, 153

Moslems, the first, 153

Moslems, the non-Arabian. See -Mawali

Mosul (-Mawsil), 261, 269, 281, 326, 355, 362, 399, 445, 454

-Mu‘allaqat, 77, 82, 101-121, 128, 131, 416, 459

Mu‘awiya b. Abi Sufyan (Caliph), xxviii, 13, 119, 181, 191, 192, 193, 194-195, 196, 206, 207, 208, 213, 214, 222, 256, 377, 407, 426

Mu‘awiya b. Bakr (Amalekite prince), 2

Mu‘awiya, brother of -Khansa, 126

Mu’ayyidu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 267

–Mubarrad (philologist), 92, 131, 202, 226, 237, 244, 343, 344

Mudar b. Nizar, xix, 252

Mudar, the tribes descended from, xix

-Mudhhabat, -Mudhahhabat, 101

–Mutaddal al-Dabbi (philologist), 128, 133, 343

Mufaddal b. Salama, 31

-Mufaddaliyyat, 90, 128, 343

–Mughammas, 69

muhajat(scolding-match), 238

–Muhajirun (the Emigrants), 171, 209

Muhalhil b. Rabi‘a, 58, 76, 109, 110

–Muhallab b. Abi Sufra, 239

–Muhallabi, the Vizier, 267, 347

Muhammad, the Prophet, xxiii, xxvi-xxviii, 3, 10, 15, 18, 27, 30, 51, 62, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 74, 86, 87, 105, 124, 132, 134, 135, 137, 139, 141-180, 181-183, 186-188, 190-193, 201, 202, 207-209, 213-218, 223, 224, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237, 249, 250, 251, 257, 258, 267, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 318, 327, 330, 341, 342, 348, 349, 355, 356, 380, 383, 392, 400, 403, 420, 428, 433, 449, 455, 462, 463, 465, 467

Muhammad, question whether he could read and write, 151; his attitude towards the heathen poets, 159, 212, 235; his aim in the Meccan Suras, 160; his death, 175; his character, 179, 180; biographies of, 144, 146, 247, 349; poems in honour of, 124, 127, 326, 327, 449; mediæval legend of, 327; identified with the Logos, 403; pilgrimage to the tomb of, 463; his tomb demolished by the Wahhabis, 467

Muhammad (‘Alid), 258

Muhammad (Seljuq), 326

Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Wahhab, 465-467

Muhammad b. ‘Ali (‘Abbasid), 251

Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha, 466, 468

Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. -Sanusi, 468

Muhammad Ibnu ’l-Hanafiyya, 216, 218, 220

Muhammad b. -Hasan, the Imam, 217

Muhammad b. Isma‘il, the Imam, 217, 272-274

Muhammad al-Kalbi, 348

Muhammad b. Sa‘ud, 466

–Muhtadi, the Caliph, 264

Muhyi ’l-Din Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi, 399-404, 434, 462

Muhyi ’l-Maw’udat (title), 243

Muir, Sir W., 142, 143, 146, 156, 184, 197, 338

–Mu‘izz (Fatimid Caliph), 420

Mu‘izzu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266, 267, 347

–Mujammi‘ (title), 65

Mu‘jamu ’l-Buldan, 17, 357

Mu‘jamu ’l-Udaba, 357

Mukarrib (title), 10

–Mukhadramun (a class of poets), 127

–Mukhtar, 198, 218-220, 250

-Mukhtarat, 128

–Muktafi, the Caliph, 257, 269, 325

–Mulaththamun, 423

Müller, A., 5, 101, 261, 266, 355, 429

Muuml;ller, D. H., 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 24

Multan, 203

Muluku ’l-Tawa’if (the Party Kings of Spain), 414

–Munafiqun (the Hypocrites), 171, 172, 176

–Munakhkhal (poet), 49

–Mundhir I (Lakhmite), 41

–Mundhir III (Lakhmite), 41-44, 45, 50, 51, 60, 87, 103, 104

–Mundhir IV (Lakhmite), 45, 47

–Mundhir b. -Harith (Ghassanid), 50, 52

–Mundhir b. Ma’ al-sama, 50, 51. See -Mundhir III

–Munjibat (title), 88

Munk, S., 360

-Munqidh mina ’l-Dalal, 340, 380

munshi, 326

–Muqaddasi (geographer), 356, 357, 409

-Muqaddima, of Ibn Khaldun, 32, 229, 278, 289, 437-440. See Ibn Khaldun

–Muqanna‘, 258

–Muqattam, Mt., 394, 396

-Muqtabis, 428

–Muqtadir, the Caliph, 325, 343, 399

-murabit, 430

–Murabitun, 433. See Almoravides, the

murid, 392

murji’(Murjite), 221

Murjites, the, 206, 220, 221-222, 428

Murra, 56, 57, 58

Mursiya (Murcia), 399

Muruju ’l-Dhahab, 13, 15, 37, 195, 203, 205, 206, 259, 260, 267, 349, 353, 354, 387, 457

muruwwa(virtue), 72, 82, 178, 287

Musa b. Maymun (Maimonides), 434

Musa b. Nusayr, 203, 204, 405

Musa b. ‘Uqba, 247

Mus‘ab, 199

Musaylima, 183

-Mushtarik, 357

Music in Pre-Isiamic Arabia, 236

Musicians, Arab, 236

-musiqi(Music), 283

Muslim (Moslem), meaning of, 153

Muslim (author of -Sahih), 144, 337

Muslim b. ‘Aqil, 196

Muslim b. -Walid (poet), 261

musnad(inscriptions), 6

–Mustakfi (Spanish Umayyad), 424

–Mustakfi, ‘Abbasid Caliph, 266

–Mustansir (‘Abbasid), 448

–Mustarshid Billah, the Caliph, 329

–Musta‘sim, the Caliph, 254, 445

–Mustawrid b. ‘Ullifa, 210

-mut‘a, 262

–Mu‘tadid (‘Abbadid), 421, 425

–Mu‘tadid (‘Abbasid Caliph), 325

–Mu‘tamid (‘Abbadid), 421-424

–Mutajarrida, 49, 122

–Mutalammis (poet), 107, 108, 138

Mutammim b. Nuwayra, 127

–Mutanabbi (poet), 266, 269, 270, 289, 290, 291, 292, 304-313, 315, 316, 324, 396, 416, 448

mutasawwifa(aspirants to Sufiism), 229

–Mu‘tasim, the Caliph, 129, 257, 263, 369, 375

–Mutawakkil, the Caliph, 257, 264, 284, 344, 350, 369, 375, 376, 388

mutawakkil, 233

Mu‘tazilites, the, 206, 220, 222-224, 225, 230, 262, 268, 284, 346, 367-370, 376, 377, 378, 392, 409, 428, 431

–Mu‘tazz, the Caliph, 325

–Muti‘, the Caliph, 353

Muti‘ b. Iyas (poet), 291, 292

muwahhid, 432

–Muwalladun, 278, 408

muwashshah, verse-form, 416, 417, 449

-Muwatta’, 337, 408, 409

Muzaffar Qutuz (Mameluke), 446

Muzayna (tribe), 116

–Muzayqiya (surname), 15

-Muzhir, 71, 455

Mystical poetry of the Arabs, the, 325, 396-398, 403

Mysticism. See Sufiism

N

–Nabat, the Nabatæans, xxv, 279

Nabatæan, Moslem use of the term, xxv

Nabatæan Agriculture, the Book of, xxv

Nabatæan inscriptions, xxv, 3

–Nabigha al-Dhubyam (poet), 39, 49, 50, 54, 86, 101, 121-123, 128, 139

nadhir(warner), 164

Nadir (tribe), 170

–Nadr b. -Harith, 330

Nafahatu ’l'Uns, by Jami, 386

Nafhu ’l-Tib, by -Maqqari, 399, 413, 436

Nafi‘ b. -Azraq, 208

–Nafs al-zakiyya (title), 258

–Nahhas (philologist), 102

–Nahrawan, battle of, 208

-nahw(grammar), 283

Na’ila, 35

–Najaf, 40

–Najashi (the Negus), 26, 27, 28

Najd, xvii, 62, 107, 466

Najda b. ‘Amir, 209

Najdites (a Kharijite sect), the, 208

Najran, 26, 27, 105, 124, 136, 137, 162

Na‘man, 11

Namir (tribe), xix Napoleon, 468

-Naqa’id, of -Akhtal and Jarir, 240

-Naqa’id, of Jarir and -Farazdaq, 239

Naqb al-Hajar, 8

–Nasafi (Abu ’l-Barakat), 456

–Nasa’i, 337

Nashwan b. Sa‘id al-Himyari, 12, 13

nasib(erotic prelude), 77, 310

Nasim, a place near Baghdad, 461

–Nasimi (the Hurufi poet), 460, 461

Nasir-i Khusraw, Persian poet, 323

Nasiru ’l-Dawla (Hamdanid), 269, 411

Nasr b. Sayyar, 251

Nasr II (Samanid), 265

Nasrid dynasty of Granada, the, 435, 442

nat‘, 257

–Nawaji (Muhammad b. -Hasan), 417

Nawar, wife of -Farazdaq, 243, 244

Nawar, the beloved of Labid, 121

Nawruz, Persian festival, 250

Naysabur, 232, 276, 338, 339, 340, 348

Nazmu ’l-Suluk, 396

–Nazzam, 369

Neo-platonism, 360, 384, 389, 390

Neo-platonist philosophers welcomed by Nushirwan, 358

Nero, 325

Nessus, 104

Nicephorus, 261

Niebuhr, Carsten, 7

Night journey of Muhammad, the, 169, 403

Night of Power, the, 150

Nihayatu ’l-Aráb, 455

Nile, the, xxviii, 264, 354, 455

Nirvana, 233, 391

–Nizamiyya College, at Baghdad, 276, 340, 380, 431

–Nizamiyya College, at Naysabur, 276, 340

Nizamu ’l-Mulk, 276, 340, 379

Nizar, xix

Noah, xv, xviii, 165

Nöldeke, Th., xv, xx, xxiii, xxv, 5, 27, 29, 38, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57-60, 66, 70, 78, 80, 83, 101, 102, 103, 109, 113, 122, 123, 126, 127, 130, 134, 145, 151, 160, 167, 172, 184, 195, 228, 237, 238, 249, 252, 258, 288

Nomadic life, characteristics of, 439, 440

Nominalists, 367

Normans, the, 441

Nubia, 387

Nuh I (Samanid), 265

Nuh II (Samanid), 265

-Nujum al-Záhira, 257, 262, 268, 369, 454

–Nu‘man I (Lakhmite), 40, 41, 139

–Nu‘man III (Lakhmite), 45-49, 50, 53, 54, 69, 86, 121, 122

–Nu‘man al-Akbar. See Nu‘man I

–Nu‘man al-A‘war (Lakhmite). See -Nu‘man I

–Nu‘man b. -Mundhir Abu Qabus. See -Nu‘man III

Numayr (tribe), 245, 246

–Nuri (Abu ’l-Husayn), 392

Nushirwan (Sasanian king), 29, 42, 45, 358

–Nuwayri, 15, 455

Nyberg, H. S., 404

O

Occam, 367

Ockley, Simon, 433

Ode, the Arabian, 76-78. See qasida

Odenathus, 33, 35

Odyssey, the, xxii

O'Leary, De Lacy, 360

Ordeal of fire, the, 23

Orthodox Caliphs, the, xxiii, xxvii, 181-193

Orthodox Reaction, the, 284, 376. See -Ash‘ari

Osiander, 9

Ottoman Turks, the, xxix, 442, 447, 464-467

Oxus, the, xxviii, 341, 444

P

Pahlavi (Pehlevi) language, the, 214, 330, 346, 348, 358

Palermo, 441

Palestine, 52, 104, 137, 229

Palmer, E. H., 172, 176, 260

Palms, the Feast of, 54

Palm-tree, verses on the, by ‘Abd al-Rahman I, 418

Palm-trees of Hulwan, the two, 292

Palmyra, 33, 53

Panegyric, two-sided (rhetorical figure), 311

Panjab (Punjaub), the, 203, 268

Pantheism, 231, 233, 234, 275, 372, 390, 391, 394, 402, 403, 460

Paracelsus, 388

Paradise, the Muhammadan, burlesqued by Abu’l -‘Ala al-Ma‘arri, 318, 319

Parthian kings, the, 457

Parwez, son of Hurmuz (Sasanian), 48, 69

Passion Play, the, 218

Paul and Virginia, 469

Pavet de Courteille, 349

Pearl-fishing in the Persian Gulf, 354

Pedro of Castile, 437

Penitents, the (a name given to certain Shi‘ite insurgents), 218

Pentateuch, the, 165, 171, 323

Perfect Man, doctrine of the, 402

Persecution of the early Moslems, 154, 155, 157; of heretics, 224, 368, 369, 372-375, 376, 436, 460, 461

Persepolis, 356

Persia, xxiv, xxvii, xxix, 21, 29, 33, 34, 38, 41, 42, 48, 113, 169, 182, 184, 185, 188, 208, 214, 247, 255, 258, 265, 266, 274, 279, 328, 348, 349, 390, 394, 404, 444, 446, 454, 457

Persia, the Moslem conquest of, 184

Persia, the national legend of, 349

Persian divines, influence of the, 278

Persian Gulf, the, 4, 107, 354, 357

Persian influence on Arabic civilisation and literature, xxviii, xxix, 182, 250, 256, 265, 267, 276-281, 287, 288, 290, 295, 418

Persian influence on the Shi‘a, 214, 219

Persian Kings, History of the, translated by Ibnu ’l-Muqaffa‘, 348

Persian literature, fostered by the Samanids and Buwayhids, 265, 303

Persian Moslems who wrote in Arabic, xxx, xxxi, 276-278

Persians, the, rapidly became Arabicised, 280, 281

Persians, the, in -Yemen, 29

Petra, xxv, 5

Petrarch, 425

Pharaoh, 162, 403

Pharaohs, the, 4, 5

Philip III, 441

Philistines, the, 3

Philologists, the Arab, xxiv, 32, 127, 128, 133, 246, 341-348Philosophers, the Greeks 341, 363

Philosophers, the Moslem, 360, 361, 381, 382, 432-434

Philosophers and scientists, Lives of the, by Ibnu ’l-Qifti, 355

Philosophus Autodidactus, 433

Phœnician language, the, xvi

Phœnicians, the, xv

Physicians, History of the, by Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a, 266, 355

Piers the Plowman, 450

Pietists, the, 207, 208

Pilgrimage to Mecca, the, 63, 65, 135, 136, 319

Pilgrimage, of the Shi‘ites, to the tomb of -Husayn at Karbala, 218, 466

pir(Persian word), 392

Plato, 204

Plutarch, 363

Pocock, E., 433

Poems of the Hudhaylites, the, 128

Poems, the Pre-islamic, xxii, xxiii, 30, 31, 71-140, 282, 285-289, 290; chief collections of, 127-131; the tradition of, 131-134; first put into writing, 132

Poems, the Suspended.See -Mu‘allaqat

Poetics, work on, by Ibnu ’l-Mu‘tazz, 325

Poetry, Arabian, the origins of, 72-75; the decline of, not due to Muhammad, 235; in the Umayyad period, 235-246; in the ‘Abbasid period, 285-336; in Spain, 415-417, 425, 426; after the Mongol Invasion, 448-450

Poetry, conventions of the Ancient, criticised, 286, 288, 315

Poetry, Muhammadan views regarding the merits of, 308-312; intimately connected with public life, 436; seven kinds of, 450

Poetry, the oldest written Arabic, 138

Poetry and Poets, Book of, by Ibn Qutayba. See Kitabu ’l-Shi‘r wa-’l-Shu‘ara

Poets, the Modern, 289-336; judged on their merits by Ibn Qutayba, 287; pronounced superior to the Ancients, 288, 289

Poets, the Pre-islamic, character and position of, 71-73; regarded as classical, xxiii, 72, 285, 286

Politics, treatise on, by -Mawardi, 337, 338

Portugal, 416

Postal service, organised by ‘Abdu ’l-Malik, 201

Postmaster, the office of, 45

Prætorius, F., 10

Prayers, the five daily, 149, 168

Predestination, 157, 223, 224, 378, 379

Preston, Theodore, 330

Prideaux, W. F., 11, 13

Primitive races in Arabia, 1-4

Proclus, 389

Procreation, considered sinful, 317

Prophecy, a, made by the Carmathians, 322

Prose, Arabic, the beginnings of, 31

Proverbs, Arabic, 3, 16, 31, 50, 84, 91, 109, 244, 292, 373

Ptolemies, the, 276

Ptolemy (geographer), 3, 358

Public recitation of literary works, 314

Pyramids, the, 354

Pyrenees, the, xxviii, 204

Pythagoras, 102

Q

Qabus (Lakhmite), 44, 45, 52

qadar(power), 224

–Qadariyya (the upholders of free-will), 224

qaddah(oculist), 271

qadú ’l-qudat(Chief Justice), 395

Qadiri dervish order, the, 393

–Qahira, 275, 394. See Cairo qahramana, 457

Qahtan, xviii, 12, 14, 18, 200

Qala’idu ’l-‘Iqyan, 425

-Qamus, 403, 456

-Qanun, 361

qara’a, 159

–Qarafa cemetery, 396

–Qaramita, 274. See Carmathians, the

qarawi, 138

qarn, meaning 'ray', 18

qasida(ode), 76-78, 105, 288

qasida(ode), form of the, 76, 77; contents and divisions of the, 77, 78; loose structure of the, 134; unsuitable to the conditions of urban life, 288

Qasidatu ’l-Burda. See -Burda Qasidatu ’l-Himyariyya,12

Qasir, 36, 37

Qasirin, 111

Qasiyun, Mt., 399

–Qastallani, 455

Qatada, 294

Qatari b. -Fuia’a, 213

–Qayrawan, 264, 429

Qays ‘Aylan (tribe), xix, 199, 293, 405

Qays b. -Khatim, 94-97, 137

Qays b. Zuhayr, 61, 62

Qaysar (title), 45

Qazwin, 445

–Qazwini (geographer), 416

Qift, 355

qiyas, 297

Qoniya, 404

Quatremère, M., xxv, 437, 445, 453

Qudar the Red, 3

Qumis (province), 391

-Qur’an, 159. See Koran, the

Quraysh (tribe), xix, xxiii, xxvii, 22, 64, 65-68, 117, 124, 134, 142, 146, 153-158, 164, 165, 170, 174, 175, 183, 207, 216, 237, 241, 279, 330, 347, 375, 407, 417

Quraysh, the dialect of, xxiii, 142; regarded as the classical standard, xxiii, 134

Qurayza (tribe), 21, 170

qurra(Readers of the Koran), 277. See Koran-readers, the

Qusayy, 64, 65, 146

–Qushayri, 226, 227, 228, 230, 338, 379

Quss b. Sa‘ida, 136

qussas, 374

Qusta b. Luqa, 359

Qutu ’l-Qulub, 338, 393

R

rabad, 409

Rabi‘, son of Fatima, the daughter of -Khurshub, 88

Rabi‘a al-‘Adawiyya, 227, 232, 233-234

Rabi‘a b. Nizar, xix, 5

Rabi‘a (b. Nizar), the descendants of, xix

Racine, 469

–Radi, the Caliph, 376

Radwa, Mount, 216

Rafidites, the, 268. See Shi‘ites, the

Ra‘i ’l-ibil (poet), 245, 246

raj‘a(palingenesis), 215

-rajaz(metre), 74, 75, 76, 77

Rakhman, 126

Rakusians, the, 149

Ralfs, C. A., 327

Ramadan, the Fast of, 224, 450

Ramla, 229

Raqqada, 274

Rasa’ilu Ikhwan al-Safa, 370, 371

Rasmussen, 61

Rationalism. See Mu‘tazilitesand Free-thought

–Rawda, island on the Nile, 455

rawi(reciter), 131

Rawis, the, 131-134

Raydan, 10

–Rayy, 258, 259, 268, 333, 350, 361, 420, 445

–Rayyan, 120

–Razi (Abu Bakr), physician, 361. See Abu Bakr al-Razi

–Razi (Abu Bakr), historian, 420

Reading and writing despised by the pagan Arabs, 39

Realists, 368

Red Sea, the, 4, 5, 62

Reformation, the, 468

Reforms of ‘Abdu ’l-Malik, 201; of ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, 205

Register of ‘Umar, the, 187, 188

Reiske, 15, 102, 308, 312, 316, 331

Religion, conceived as a product of the human mind, 317

Religion of the Sabæans and Himyarites, 10, 11; of the Pagan Arabs, 56, 135-140, 164, 166; associated with commerce, 135, 154

Religions and Sects, Book of, by -Shahrastam, 341; by Ibn Hazm, 341. See Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal

Religious ideas in Pre-islamic poetry, 117, 119, 123, 124, 135-140

Religious literature in the ‘Abbasid period, 337-341

Religious poetry, 298-302

Renaissance, the, 443

Renan, xv, 432

Renegades, the, 408, 415, 426

Resurrection, the, 166, 215, 297, 299, 316

Revenge, views of the Arabs concerning, 93, 94; poems relating to, 97

Rhages. See -RayyRhapsodists, the, 131

Rhazes, 265, 361. See Abu Bakr al-Razi

Rhetoric, treatise on, by -Jahiz, 347

Rhinoceros, the, 354

Rhymed Prose. See saj‘

Ribah b. Murra, 25

ribat, 276, 430

Richelieu, 195

Rifa‘i dervish order, the, 393

–Rijam, 119

Risalatu ’l-Ghufran, 166, 167, 206, 318, 319, 375

-Risalat al-Qushayriyya, 226, 227, 338

Roderic, 204, 405

Rödiger, Emil, 8

Roger II of Sicily, 434

Rome, 33, 34, 41, 43, 50, 52, 113, 252, 314. See Byzantine Empire, the

Ronda, 410

Rosary, use of the, prohibited, 467

Rosen, Baron V., 375

Rothstein, Dr. G., 37, 53

–Rub‘ al-Khali, xvii Rubicon, the, 252

Ruuml;ckert, Friedrich, 93, 97, 104, 292, 332

Rudagi, Persian poet, 265

Ruhu ’l-Quds (the Holy Ghost), 150

-rujz, 152

Ruknu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266, 267

–Rumaykiyya, 422

Rushayyid al-Dahdah, 394, 396

Rustam, 330, 363

Ruzbih, 346. See Ibnu ’l-Muqaffa‘

S

–Sa‘b Dhu ’l-Qarnayn, 17

-Sab‘ al-Tiwal(the Seven Long Poems), 103

Saba (Sheba), xxv, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 16, 17. See Sabæans, the

Saba (person), 14

Sabæan language, the, xvi. See South Arabic language, the

Sabæans, the, xv, xvii, xviii, xx, xxi, 1, 4, 5, 7, 14, 17

Saba’ites, the, a Shi‘ite sect, 215, 216, 217, 219

Sabians, the, 149, 341, 354, 358, 363, 364, 388

–Sab‘iyya (the Seveners), 217

Sabota, 5

Sabuktagin, 268

Sabur I, 33

Sabur b. Ardashir, 267, 314

Sachau, E., xxii, 361

Sacy, Silvestre de, 8, 80, 102, 353, 354

Sa‘d (client of Jassas b. Murra), 56, 57

Sa‘d (tribe), 147

Sa‘d b. Malik b. Dubay‘a, 57

sada(owl or wraith), 94, 166

Sa‘d-ilah, 11

sadin, 259

–Sadir (castle), 41

Sadru ’l-Din of Qoniya, 404

safa(purity), 228, 370

Safa, the inscriptions of, xxi

–Safadi, 326, 456

Safar-Nama, 324

Safawid dynasty, the, xxix

–Saffah, 253, 254, 257, 259

–Saffah b. ‘Abd Manat, 253

–Saffah, meaning of the title, 253

–Saffar (title), 265

Saffarid dynasty, the, 265

safi(pure), 228

Safiyyu ’l-Din al-Hilli (poet), 449, 450

sag(Persian word), 445

–Sahaba (the Companions of the Prophet), 229

Sahara, the, 423, 429, 468

–Sahib Isma‘il b. ‘Abbad, 267, 347

Sahibu ’l-Zanadiqa (title), 373

-Sahih, of -Bukhari, 144, 146, 337

-Sahih, of Muslim, 144, 337

Sahl b. ‘Abdallah al-Tustari, 392

Sa‘id b. -Husayn, 274

St. John, the Cathedral of, 203

St. Thomas, the Church of, at -Hira, 46

Saints, female, 233

Saints, the Moslem, 386, 393, 395, 402, 403, 463, 467

saj(rhymed prose), 74, 75, 159, 327, 328

Sakhr, brother of -Khansa, 126, 127

Sal‘, 398

Saladin, 275, 348, 355

Salahu ’l-Din b. Ayyub, 275. See Saladin

Salama b. Khalid, 253

Salaman, 433

Salaman (tribe), 79

Salamya, 274

Salih (prophet), 3