Текст книги "Literary History of the Arabs "
Автор книги: Reynolds Nicholson
Жанры:
Литературоведение
,сообщить о нарушении
Текущая страница: 34 (всего у книги 36 страниц)
–Ash‘ari (Abu ’l-Hasan), 284, 376-379, 431
Ash‘arites, the, 379, 380, 460
Ash‘aru ’l-Hudhaliyyin, 128
–Ashram (surname of Abraha), 28
Asia, xv, 275, 352, 414
Asia, Central, 255
Asia Minor, 269, 399, 434, 446
Asia, Western, xvi, xxix, 358, 442, 444, 446
Asin Palacios, 404
aslama, 153
–Asma‘i (philologist), 261, 343, 344, 345, 459
Assassins, the, 272, 371, 372, 381, 445
Assyrian language, the, xvi Assyrians, the, xv
Astrologers and Astronomers, 361
Astronomy, 276, 283
Aswad b. -Mundhir, 47
-Athar al-Baqiya, 361
Atharu ’l-Bilad, 416
Athens, 240, 358
‘Athtar, ‘Athtor (Sabæan divinity), 11, 18
Atlal, 286
‘Attar (Persian mystic). See Faridu’ddin ‘Attar
‘Atwada, 28
Aurelian, 34
Aurora, 412
Avempace. See Ibn Bajja
Avenzoar, 434
Averroes. See Ibn Rushd
Avicenna. See Ibn Sina
awa’il(origins), 247
‘Awarifu ’l-Ma‘arif, 230, 338
–‘Awfi, 370
awliya(saints), 393
Awrangzib (Mogul Emperor), xxx
Aws (tribe), 170
Aws b. Hajar (poet), 131
Awwam Dhú ‘Iran Alu, 11
a‘yan thabita, 402
ayat(verse of the Koran, sign, miracle), 166
Ayatu ’l-Kursi (the Throne-verse), 176
Aybak, 447
–Ayham b. -Harith (Ghassanid), 50
‘Ayn Jalut, battle of, 446
‘Ayn Ubagh, battle of, 52
ayyamu ’l-‘Arab, 55, 356
Ayyubid dynasty, the, 275, 447, 453
Azd (tribe), 79, 374
–Azhar, the mosque, 395
Azraqites (-Azariqa), the, 208, 239
B
Baalbec, 111
Bab al-Mandab, 5
Babak, 258, 375
Babur (Mogul Emperor), xxix, 444
Babylon, xxv, 38
Babylonia, 34, 38, 138, 253, 255, 307. See -‘Iraq
Babylonian and Assyrian inscriptions, the, xvi, xxv
Babylonians, the, xv
Badajoz, 421, 423
Badis, 428
Badi‘u ’l-Zaman ai-Hamadhánú, 328, 329, 331
Badr, battle of, 158, 174, 175
Badr, freedman of ‘Abdu ’l-Rahman the Umayyad, 405, 406
–Baghawi, 337
Baghdad, xxviii, xxix, 131, 182, 254, 255-256, 290-293, 303, 307, 313, 314, 315, 326, 338, 340, 345, 346, 347, 350, 351, 352, 355, 357, 359, 362, 365, 369, 376, 380, 382, 385, 387, 392, 399, 412, 415, 418, 431, 441, 444-446, 447, 449, 450, 458, 461, 465, 466
Baghdad, history of its eminent men, by -Khatib, 355
Baha’u ’l-Dawia (Buwayhid), 267, 314
Bahdala (tribe), 87
Bahira, the monk, 148
Bahman (Sasanian), 457
Bahram Gor (Sasanian), 40, 41
–Bahrayn (province), 107, 108, 186
Bahri Mamelukes, the, 447
Baju, 445
–Bakharzi, 348
Bakil (tribe), 12
Bakr (tribe), xix, 55-60, 61, 69, 70, 76, 93, 107, 109, 113, 114, 242
–Bakri (geographer), 357, 428
Balaam, 73
–Baladhuri (historian), 280, 349
-balagh al-akbar, 371
Balak, 73
–Bal‘ami, 265, 352
Balaq (mountain), 17
Balkh, 232, 233, 259, 361, 385
–Balqa, 63
Banat Su‘ad, the opening words of an ode, 119, 127, 327
Banu ’l-Ahrar, 29
Banu Hind, 58
Banu Khaldun, 437
Banu Musa, 359
Banu Nahshal, 243
Baptists, name given to the early Moslems, 149
baqa, mystical term, 390
Baqqa, 36
–Baramika, 259. See Barmecides, the
Barbier de Meynard, 13, 15, 37, 195, 259, 350, 352, 353, 380, 457
Bardesanes, 364
Barmak, 259
Barmakites, the. See Barmecides, the
Barmecides, the, 255, 259-261, 262, 293
Barquq, Sultan (Mameluke), 452
Bashama, 119
Bashshar b. Burd, 245, 277, 290, 373-374, 375
-basit(metre), 75
–Basra, xxiv, 127, 133, 134, 186, 189, 195, 202, 209, 210, 215, 222, 223, 225, 226, 233, 242, 243, 246, 273, 281, 293, 294, 329, 331, 336, 341, 342, 343, 345, 346, 369, 370, 374, 377, 378
Basset, R., 327
–Basus, 56
–Basus, the War of, 55-60, 61, 76, 107, 114
–Batiniyya (Batinites), 381, 382, 402. See Isma‘ilis, the
–Battani, 361
-bayan, 283
-Bayan al-Mughrib, 407
Bayard, 191
Bayazid of Bistam, 391, 460. See Abu Yazid al-Bistami
Baybars, Sultan (Mameluke), 447, 448
–Baydawi, 145, 179
bayt(verse), 74, 77
Baytu ’l-Hikma, at Baghdad, 359
–Bazbaz, 60
Bedouin view of life, the, 136
Bedouin warfare, character of, 54, 55
Bedouin women, Mutanabbi's descriptions of, 310
Benu Marthad im, 11
Berber insurrection in Africa, 405
Berbers, the, 204, 274, 405-409, 413, 420, 423, 424, 429-432, 442, 443
Berbers, used as mercenaries, 407
Berlin Royal Library, 8, 12
Bevan, Prof. A. A., 46, 80, 129, 151, 166, 168, 199, 205, 239, 244, 253, 356, 373, 374, 375
Beyrout, 238, 469
Bibliographical Dictionary, by Hajji Khalifa, 456
Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum, 356
Bidpai, the Fables of, 330, 346
Bilqis, 18
–Bimaristan al-‘Adudi, 266
Biographies of poets, 346, 347, 348
Birnam Wood, 25
–Biruni (Abu Rayhan), 269, 280, 361
Bishr b. Abi Khazim (poet), 86
Bishr al-Hafi, 228
Bishr b. -Mu‘tamir, 369
Bistam, 391
Blick, J. S., 184, 249, 258
Black, the colour of the ‘Abbasids, 220, 262
Black Stone in the Ka‘ba, the, 63, 274, 319, 467
Blunt, Lady Anne, 88, 101
Blunt, Wilfrid, 88, 101
Bobastro, 410
Boer, T. J. de, 433
Bohlen, 308, 312
Bokhara, 203, 265, 275, 360
Book of Examples, the, by Ibn Khaldun, 437
Book of Sibawayhi, the, 343
Book of the Thousand Tales, the.See Hazar Afsan
Book of Viziers, the, 458
Books, the Six Canonical, 337
Boswell, 144, 313, 452
Brethren of Purity, the, 370-372
British Museum, the, 12, 402
Brockelmann, C., 205, 236, 237, 308, 328, 339, 346, 349, 449, 459, 468, 469
Browne, Prof. E. G., 29, 42, 185, 217, 218, 230, 247, 251, 258, 265, 272, 275, 290, 329, 346, 362, 375, 381, 383, 394, 399, 445
Bruuml;nnow, R. E., 32, 35, 49, 51, 209, 210
Brutus, 252
Bu‘ath, battle of, 170
Buddha, 297, 298
Buddhism, 373, 375, 390, 391. See Nirvana
–Buhturi (poet), 130, 316, 324
Bujayr b. ‘Amr, 58
Bukhara. See Bokhara
–Bukhari, 144, 146, 151, 337
Bulaq, 469
Bunyan, 212
Burckhardt, 95, 465, 466, 467
Burd, 373
-Burda, 326, 327
-burda(the Prophet's mantle), 327, 366
Burji Mamelukes, the, 447
Burns, Robert, 450
burnus, the, a mark of asceticism, 210
Burton, Sir Richard, 459
Busir, 326
–Busiri (poet), 326, 327
Buthayna, 238
Butrites, the, a Shi‘ite sect, 297
Buwayhid dynasty, the, 264, 266-268, 271, 275, 303, 338
Byzantine Empire, the, 3, 29, 46, 171, 255, 261, 269, 359
C
Cadiz, 405
Cæsar, 252
Cætani, Prince, 149, 155, 156, 171
Cairo, 275, 350, 394, 395, 437, 447, 448, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 458, 461, 464, 469
Caliph, the, must belong to Quraysh, 207
Caliph, name of the, mentioned in the Friday sermon, 263, 264; stamped on the coinage, 264; title of, assumed by the Fatimids, 271; by the Umayyads of Spain, 412
Caliphs, the, -Mas‘udi's account of, 354
Caliphs, the ‘Abbasid. See ‘Abbasids, theCaliphs, the Orthodox, xxiii, xxvii, 181-193
Caliphs, the Umayyad. See Umayyad dynasty, the
Calpe, 204
Campbell, D., 360
Canaanites, the, 3
Canonical Books, the Six, 337
Capuchins, the, 228
Carmathians, the, 272, 274, 322, 324, 371, 375, 381, 467. See Fatimid dynasty; Isma‘ilis
Carmona, 437
Casanova, P., 371
Caspian Sea, the, xxviii, 21, 264, 266, 350, 352, 391
Castile, 422, 437
Castles of -Yemen, the, 24
Catharine of Siena, 233
Cathay, xxv
Caussin de Perceval, 32
Cave-dwellers of Khurasan, the, 232
Celibacy condemned by Muhammad, 224
Cemetery of the Sufis, the, at Damascus, 463
Ceuta, 405, 412, 423, 434
Ceylon, 352
Chagar Beg, 275
Charles the Hammer, 204
Charter, the, drawn up by Muhammad for the people of Medina, 173
Chaucer, 289
Chauvin, Victor, 214
Chenery, T., 244, 328, 332, 333, 336
Chihrazad, 457
China, 203, 352, 419, 444
Chingiz Khan, 444
Christian poets who wrote in Arabic, 138, 139
Christianity in Arabia, 117, 137-140; in Ghassán, 51, 54, 123; at -Hira, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 123, 124, 138; in Najran, 26, 27, 124, 137; in Moslem Spain, 407, 411, 412, 413, 414-415, 431, 435, 441
Christianity, influence of, on Muhammadan culture, xxii, 176, 177, 216, 221, 231, 389, 390
Christians, Monophysite, 51
Christians, supposed by Moslems to wear a girdle, 461
Christians at the Umayyad court, 221, 240, 241
Chronology of Ancient Nations, the, by -Biruni, 361
Church and State, regarded as one by Moslems, 170, 182, 197
Chwolsohn, 363
Classicism, revolt against, 287-289
Cleopatra, 34
Coinage, Arabic, introduced by ‘Abdu ’l-Malik, 201
Commercial terms derived from Arabic, 281
Companions of the Prophet, biographies of the, 144, 356, 456
Confession of faith, the Muhammadan, 403
Conquests, the early Muhammadan, work on the, 349
Constantinople, xxix, 29, 45, 52, 84, 104, 318, 362, 412
Cordova, 131, 341, 347, 406-411, 412, 413-415, 418, 420-426, 428, 434, 435
Cordova, the University of, 420
Courage, Arabian, the nature of, 82
Criticism of Ancient and Modern Poets, 283-289
Cromwell, 189
Crusade, the Third, 275
Crusaders, the, 331, 447
Cruttenden, 8
Ctesiphon, 47, 48, 210. See -Mada’in
Cureton, 211, 216, 341
D
Dabba (tribe), xix -Dahab al-‘Ijli, 44
Dahis (name of a horse), 61
Dahis and -Ghabrá, the War of, 61, 62, 114, 116
-dahriyyun, 381
da‘i(missionary), 249, 272
–Daja‘ima, 50
–Dajjal (the Antichrist), 216
dakhil, 95
Damascus, xxi, xxviii, 13, 46, 51, 53, 54, 111, 181, 104, 195, 202, 203, 207, 235, 240, 241, 242, 244, 247, 252, 255, 274, 304, 313, 335, 340, 374, 386, 399, 408, 451, 462, 463
-Damigh, 375
Daniel, 162
Dante, 360, 404
dapir(Secretary), 257
Daqiqi, Persian poet, 265
Daraya, 386
Darius, 256
Darmesteter, J., 217
Daru ’l-Rum (Constantinople), 362
Daughters, the birth of, regarded as a misfortune, 91, 156
Daughters of Allah, the, 135, 156
Davidson, A. B., 82
dawidar( dawadar), 445
Daws Dhu Tha‘laban, 27
–Daylam, 266
Dead Sea, the, 249
Decline of the Caliphate, 257, 263
Derenbourg, H., 54, 122, 123, 194, 260, 331, 445, 454
Dervish orders, the, 393
Desecration of the tombs of the Umayyad Caliphs, 205
–Dhahabi (Shamsu ’l-Din), historian, 339, 446, 454
Dhamar‘ali Dhirrih, 10
Dhu ’l-Khalasa, name of an idol, 105
Dhu ’l-Khursayn (name of a sword), 96
Dhu ’l-Majaz, 114
Dhu Nafar, 66, 67
Dhu ’l-Nun al-Misri, 386-388, 389, 460
Dhu ’l-Nusur (surname), 2
Dhu Nuwas, 12, 26-27, 137, 162
Dhu Qar, battle of, 69, 70
Dhu l-Qarnayn, 17, 18
Dhu ’l-Quruh (title), 104
Dhu Ru‘ayn, 25, 26
Dhu ’l-Rumma (poet), 246
Dhu ’l-‘Umrayn, nickname of Ibnu ’l-Khatib, 436
Dhu ’l-Wizaratayn (title), 425
Dhubyan (tribe), xix, 61, 62, 116, 117, 121
Diacritical points in Arabic script, 201
Di‘bil (poet), 261, 375
Dictionaries, Arabic, 343, 403, 456
Didactic poem by Abu ’l-‘Atahiya, 300
Diercks, 360
Dieterici, F., 270, 305, 307, 308, 310, 312, 313, 371
dihqan, 291
Diminutives, 396, 449
din(religion), 178, 287
Dinarzad, 457
Dinarzade, 457
–Dinawar, 346
–Dinawari (historian), 251, 349
Dinazad, 457
Diodorus Siculus, 3
Dionysius the Areopagite, 387, 389
–Dira‘iyya, 466
Dirge, the Arabian, 126
dithar, 152
Divan-i Shams-i Tabriz, 298
Divine Right, the Shi‘ite theory of, 214, 271
diwan(collection of poems), 127, 128
Diwan (Register) of ‘Umar, the, 187, 188
Diwans of the Six Poets, the, 128
diya(blood-wit), 93
–Diyárbakri (historian), 445
Dog, the, regarded by Moslems as unclean, 445
Doughty, E. M., 3
Dozy, 214, 399, 407, 410, 411, 413, 414, 415, 420, 422, 424, 428, 429, 431, 465, 467
Drama, the, not cultivated by the Semites, 328
Drinking parties described in Pre-islamic poetry, 124, 125, 167
Droit du seigneur, le, 4
dubayt(a species of verse), 450
Dubeux, 352
Duka, T., 390
Dumas, 272
Dumyatu ’l-Qasr, 348
Duns Scotus, 367
Durayd b. -Simma, 83
Durayd b. Zayd b. Nahd, 75
Durratu ’l-Ghawwas, 336
Duwalu ’l-Islam, 446
Dvorak, R., 304
Dyke of Ma’rib, the, 2, 5, 14-17, 50, 63
Dynasties of the ‘Abbasid period, 264-276
E
Eber, xviii
Ecbatana, 129, 328. See Hamadhan
Ecstasy, 387, 393, 394
Edessa, 331, 358
Egypt, xxiv, xxix, xxx, 4, 5, 132, 184, 186, 193, 215, 268, 274, 275, 307, 323, 326, 327, 350, 354, 355, 358, 387-390, 399, 419, 432, 434, 442, 443, 447, 448, 450, 451, 454, 460, 461, 464, 466, 468
Egypt, conquest of, by the Moslems, 184
Egypt, History of, by Ibn Taghribirdi, 454
Eichhorn, xv
Elegiac poetry, 126, 127
Elephant, the Sura of the, 68
Elephant, the year of the, 28, 66, 146
Eloquence, Arabian, 346, 347
Emanation, Plotinus's theory of, 393
Emessa, 304
Emigrants, the. See -Muhajirun
Encomium of the Umayyad dynasty, by -Akhtal, 242
Epic poetry not cultivated by the Arabs, 325
Equality of Arabs and non-Arabs maintained by the Shu‘ubites, 279, 280
Equites Thamudeni, 3
Erotic prelude, the. See nasib
Erpenius, 355
Essenes, the, 224
Euphrates, the, xv, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 53, 110, 113, 186, 189, 192, 196, 256, 418, 443, 449
Euting, Julius, 9
F
Fables of beasts, considered useful and instructive, 330
–Fadl, the Barmecide, 260
–Fadl b. al-Rabi‘, 293
–Fahl (surname), 125
Fahm (tribe), 81
Fairs, the old Arabian, 135
-Fakhri, 187, 188, 194, 203, 260, 331, 445, 454
Fakhru ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 267
Fakhru ’l-Mulk, 340
Falcon of Quraysh, the, 407, 417
-falsafa(Philosophy), 283
fana(dying to self), 233, 390, 391
fanak, 53
faqih, 464
faqir(fakir), 230, 464
faqr(poverty), 230
Farab, 360
–Farábi (Abu Nasr), 270, 360, 393
–Farazdaq (poet), 196, 238, 239, 240, 242-244, 245, 246
–Farghani, 361
Faridu’ddin ‘Attar, 226, 228, 386
–Farqadan (name of two stars), 35
–Farra, 343
Farrukh-mahan, 45
Fars (province), 266
Fathers, the Christian, 341
-Fatiha, 143
Fatima, daughter of -Khurshub, 88
Fatima, daughter of the Prophet, 183, 218, 250, 251, 258, 267, 274
Fatima (mother of Qusayy), 64
Fatima, a woman loved by Imru’u ’l-Qays, 106
Fatimid dynasty, the, 217, 265, 268, 269, 271-275, 322, 371, 412
–Fatra, 152
Fawatu ’l-Wafayat, 449, 452
Fayiasufu ’l-‘Arab (title), 360. See -Kindi
Faymiyun (Phemion), 26
Ferdinand I of Castile, 422
Ferdinand III of Castile, 434
Ferdinand V of Castile, 441
Fez, 436
Fihr (tribe), xix
-Fihrist, 13, 142, 345, 359, 361-364, 387, 457
–Find, 58, 60, 84
-fiqh(Jurisprudence), 283; denoting law and theology, 339, 420, 465
Firdawsi, Persian poet, 265, 269
Firuz (Firuzan), father of Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi, 385
Firuz, a Persian slave, 189
–Fúrúzábádí (Majdu ’l-Din), 403, 456
Fleischer, 400, 404
Flint, Robert, 441
Fluegel, G., 142, 297, 362, 364, 459
Folk-songs, Arabic, 238, 416-417, 449-450
Fons Vitæ, 428
Foreigners, Sciences of the, 282, 283
Forgery of Apostolic Traditions, 145, 146, 279
Forgery of Pre-islamic poems, 133, 134
France, 9, 412, 469
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, 434, 441
Free schools, founded by Hakam II, 419
Free-thought in Islam, 283, 284, 298, 345, 460. See Mu‘tazilitesand Zindiqs
Free-will, the doctrine of, 223, 224
Freytag, G. W., 16, 31, 48, 50, 55, 73, 89, 91, 109, 129, 292, 373
Friedlaender, I., 428
Frothingham, 389
–Fudayl b. ‘Iyad, 232, 233, 385
-fuhul, 138
Fukayha, 89
-funún al-sab‘a(the seven kinds of poetry), 450
Fuqaym (tribe), 28
-Fusul wa-’l-Ghayat, 318
Fususu ’l-Hikam, 400, 401, 402
-Futuhat al-Makkiyya, 400, 464
Future life, Pre-islamic notions of the, 166
G
Gabriel, 63, 141, 150, 267
Galen, 358
Galland, 458
Gallienus, 33
Gaulonitis, the, 53
Gaza, 5
Geber, 361
Geiger, 162
Genealogy, Muhammadan, xx
Genealogy, treatise on, by Ibn Durayd, 343
Genesis, Book of, xv
Geographers, the Moslem, 356, 357
George -Makin, 355
Georgians, the, 445
Germany, 8, 412
Gesenius, 8
–Ghabrá (name of a mare), 61
–Gharid, 236
–Ghariyyan, 43
Ghassán, xxii, 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 121, 122, 138, 139, 158, 332
Ghassanid court, the, described by Hassan b. Thabit, 53
Ghassanids, the, 33, 49-54, 122
Ghatafan (tribe), xix, 61
–Ghawl, 119
ghayba(occultation), 216
Ghayman (castle), 24
Ghayz b. Murra, 117
Ghazala, 339
–Ghazali, 230, 234, 277, 338-341, 380-383, 393, 431, 463
Ghazan, 446
Ghaziyya (tribe), 83
Ghazna, 268-269, 355
Ghaznevid dynasty, the, 265, 268-269, 271, 275
ghiyar, 461
Ghiyathu ’l-Din Mas‘ud (Seljuq), 326, 329
-Ghulat(the extreme Shi‘ites), 216
Ghumdán (castle), 24
Gibb, E. J. W., 443, 460
Gibb, H. A. R., 470
Gibbon, 439
Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq), 204, 414
Glaser, E., 9, 15
Gnosis, the Sufi doctrine of, 386, 387
Gnosticism, 389, 390
Gobineau, Comte de, 320
Goeje, M. J. de, 179, 180, 253, 256, 257, 287, 322, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354, 356, 366, 371, 409
Goethe, 97
Gog and Magog, 18
Golden Meadows, the.See Muruju ’l-Dhahaband -Mas‘udi
Goldziher, Ignaz, xx, xxii, 10, 18, 30, 73, 90, 119, 145, 177, 178, 199, 200, 221, 225, 246, 278, 279, 280, 285, 287, 289, 297, 298, 315, 344, 345, 366, 368, 370, 372, 374, 379, 390, 409, 431, 433, 466
Gospel, the, 165, 171
Grammar, Arabic, the origin of, 202, 278, 282, 341-343, 363
Grammars, Arabic, 343, 456
Granada, 421, 424, 428, 431, 434, 435-437, 441, 442, 447
Gray, T., 77
Greece, 131, 296, 361, 434
Greece, the influence of, on Muhammadan thought, 220, 221, 229, 266, 358-361, 363, 369, 370, 386, 388
Greek Philosophers, the, 341, 363
Green, the colour of the ‘Alids, 262
Grimme, H., xv, 10
Gruuml;nert, M., 346
Guadalquivir, the, 422
Guest, A. R., 453
Guillaume, A., 360
Guirgass, 251
Guyon, Madame, 233
H
Haarbruuml;cker, 220, 221, 223, 224, 297
Habib b. Aws. See Abu Tammam
hadarat, mystical term, 402
–Hadi, the Caliph, 260, 373
Hadiqatu ’l-Afrah, 449
-hadith(Traditions of the Prophet), 132, 134, 143-146, 201, 247, 258, 348. See Traditions of the Prophet
Hadramawt (province), 1, 5, 42
Hadrian, 137
Hafsa, 142
Hafsid dynasty, the, 442
Hagar. See Hajar, wife of Abraham
Hajar (in -Bahrayn), 94, 96
Hajar, wife of Abraham, xviii, 63
–Hajjaj b. Yusuf, 200, 201-203, 209, 213, 244
Hajji Khalifa, 456
–Hakam I (Spanish Umayyad), 409
–Hakam II (Spanish Umayyad), 412, 419
hakim(philosopher), 387
hal, mystical term, 387
Halbatu ’l-Kumayt, 417
Halévy, Joseph, 9
Halila, 56
Halima, daughter of -Harith al-A‘raj, 50
Halima, the battle of, 43, 50, 51, 125
Halima, the Prophet's nurse, 147
–Hallaj. See -Husayn b. Mansur
Halle, 8
Ham, xv
hama(owl or wraith), 94, 166
Hamadhan (Ecbatana), 129, 292, 328, 333
–Hamadhánú, 328. See Badi‘u ’l-Zaman
Hamal b. Badr, 61, 88
-Hamasa, of Abu Tammam, 55, 57-61, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 92, 93, 98, 100, 126, 129-130, 136, 137, 199, 213, 324, 331
-Hamasa, of -Buhturi, 130, 324
hamasa(fortitude), 79, 326
Hamat, 454
–Hamaysa‘ b. Himyar, 12
Hamdan, 19
Hamdan Qarmat, 274
–Hamdani (geographer), 6, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 24
Hamdanid dynasty, the, 268, 269-271, 291, 303
Hamilton, Terrick, 459
Hammad al-Rawiya, 103, 113, 128, 132-134, 344
Hammer, J. von, 308, 316, 396, 459
Hamza of Isfahan (historian), 14, 280
Hanbalites, the, 376, 462
handasa(geometry), 283
Hani’, a chieftain of Bakr, 69
Hanifa (tribe), 183
Hanifs, the, 69, 149, 150, 170, 318
Hanzala of Tayyi’, 44
haqiqat, mystical term, 392
haqiqatu ’l-haqa’iq, mystical term, 403
-haqiqatu ’l-Muhammadiyya, mystical term, 403
-haqq, mystical term, 392
Haram (tribe), 331
Harim b. Sinan, 61, 116, 117, 288
–Hariri, author of the Maqamat, 329-336
–Harith al-Akbar. See -Harith b. ‘Amr Muharriq
–Harith b. ‘Amr (Kindite), 42, 44, 103, 104
–Harith b. ‘Amr Muharriq (Ghassanid), 50
–Harith al-A‘raj (Ghassanid), 43, 50, 54, 125. See -Harith b. Jabala
–Harith b. ‘Awf, 61, 116, 117
–Harith b. Hammam, 330, 331, 333
–Harith b. Hilliza (poet), 44, 100, 109, 113-114, 128
–Harith b. Jabala (Ghassanid), 43, 50, 51, 52. See -Harith al-A‘raj
–Harith al-Ra’ish, 17
–Harith b. Surayj, 222
–Harith b. ‘Ubad, 58, 50
–Harith the Younger (Ghassanid), 50
–Harith b. Zalim, 85
-harj, 249
Harran, 221, 358, 361, 462
Harran, the bilingual inscription of, xxii Hartmann, M., 450, 468
Harun al-Rashid, the Caliph, xxix, 255, 258, 259, 260-261, 262, 277, 283, 292, 293, 296, 298, 343, 345, 347, 366, 367, 368, 373, 385, 388, 458, 459
Harura, 208
Harwat, 11
hasab, 100
Hasan (Buwayhid), 266
–Hasan of -Basra, 208, 222, 223, 225-227, 230, 243, 244, 294
–Hasan b. Ahmad al-Hamdani, 11. See -Hamdani
–Hasan b. ‘Ali, the Nizamu ’l-Mulk, 276. See Nizamu ’l-Mulk
–Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, 216, 297
–Hasan al-Burini, 396
–Hasan b. -Sabbah, 445
Hashid (tribe), 12
Hashim, 65, 146, 250
–Hashimiyya (Shi‘ite sect), 220, 251
Hassan b. Thabit (poet), 18, 52, 53, 54, 127
Hassan (son of As‘ad Kamil), the Tubba‘, 19, 23, 25
Hatim of Tayyi’, 85-87, 288
Hawazin (tribe), xix Hayy b. Yaqzan, 433
Hayyum, 19
Hazar Afsan( Hazar Afsana), 363, 457-458
–Haziri (Abu ’l-Ma‘ali), 348
Hazzu ’l-Quhuf, 450
Hebrew language, the, xvi
Hebrews, the, xv
Hellespont, the, xxix
Helpers, the. See -Ansar
Hengstenberg, 102
Heraclius, 52
Heresies of the Caliph -Ma’mun, 262
Herodotus, 353
Hierotheus, 389
hija (satire), 73, 294
–Hijaz, xvii, 3, 21, 62, 63, 64, 69, 137, 149, 150, 215, 340, 395, 398, 399, 465, 466
–Hijr, the inscriptions of, xxi, 3
–Hijra (Hegira), xxv, 158, 171
–Hilla, 449
Hilyatu ’l-Awliya,338
himaq(a species of verse), 450
Hims, 304
Himyar (person), 14
Himyar (people), xxv, 1, 6, 10, 17, 24, 25, 26, 429
Himyarite kings, the, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17-27. See Tubba‘s, the
Himyarite language, the, xvi, xvii, xxi, 6-11
Himyarite Ode, the, 12, 13
Himyarites, the, xviii, xx, xxi, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 17, 23, 26
Hind, mother of Bakr and Taghlib, 58
Hind (a Bedouin woman), 46
Hind, daughter of -Nu‘man III, 46, 47
Hind, wife of -Mundhir III, 44, 45, 110
Hinwam (hill), 20
–Hira, xxii, xxiii, 29, 33, 34, 37-49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 69, 70, 85, 87, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114, 121, 122, 124, 138, 139, 189, 244, 439
Hira, Mount, 150
Hirran, 11
Hirschfeld, H., 151
Hisham (Umayyad Caliph), 200, 206, 224, 243
Hisham I (Spanish Umayyad), 347, 409
Hisham II (Spanish Umayyad), 412, 421
Hisham b. Muhammad al-Kalbi, 38, 39, 40, 348
Hisn Ghurab, 8
Historians, Arab, 11-14, 144, 247, 348-356, 420, 428, 435-440, 452-454
Historical studies encouraged by the Umayyads, 247
History, the true purpose of, 437; subject to universal laws, 438; evolution of, 439, 440
History of the Berbers, by Ibn Khaldun, 429, 435
History of the Caliphs, by -Suyuti, 455
History of Islamic Civilisation, by Jurji Zaydan, 435
History of Old and New Cairo, by -Suyuti, 455
Holy Ghost, the, 150
Holy War, the, enjoined by the Koran, 174
Homer, the Iliad of, translated into Arabic verse, 469
Homeritæ, the, 5
Hommel, F., xv, 1
Honour, Pre-islamic conception of, 82-100
Horace, 326
Hospitality, the Bedouin ideal of, 85
House of the Prophet, the, 250. See ‘ Ali b. Abi Talib; ‘Alids; Shi‘ites.
Houtsma, Th., 193, 242, 329, 349
Huart, C., 468
Hubal (name of an idol), 64Hubba, 64
Hud (prophet), 2
Hudhalites (Hudhaylites), 22, 128. See Hudhayl
Hudhayla b. Badr, 61
Hudhayta b. al-Yaman, 142
Hudhayl (tribe), xix, 64, 98, 99, 100
Hughes, G., 80
Hujr (Kindite), 42
Hujr, father of Imru’u ’l-Qays, 104
Hulagu, xxix, 182, 444-446
Hulayl b. Hubshiyya, 64
-Hullat al-Siyara, 418
Hulton, 8
hulul(incarnation), 396, 402
Hulwan, 292
Humani, 457
–Humayma, 249
Hunayn b. Ishaq, 359
hur(houris), 167
Hurmuz (Sasanian), 47
Hurufis, the, 460
–Husayn, son of ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, 196, 197, 198, 216, 218, 243, 466
–Husayn b. Damdam, 117
–Husayn b. Mansur -Hallaj, 363, 375, 399
Husnu ’l-Muhadara, 455
–Hutay’a (poet), 127, 131, 261
Huzwa, 398
Hypocrites, the. See -Munafiqun
I
Iamblichus, 389
‘Ibad, the, of -Hira, 38, 39, 138
Ibadites (a Kharijite sect), the, 211
-‘Ibar, by -Dhahabi, 339
Ibnu ’l-Abbar, 418, 424
Ibn ‘Abdi Rabbihi, 102, 347, 420
Ibn Abi Du’ad, 376
Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a, 266, 355
Ibn Abi Ya‘qub al-Nadim, 362
Ibn Abi Zar‘, 429
Ibnu ’l-Ahmar (Nasrid), 435
Ibn ‘A’isha, 236
Ibnu ’l-‘Alqami, 445
Ibnu ’l-‘Amid, 267
Ibn ‘Ammar (poet), 422, 424
Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi. See Muhyi ’l-Din Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi
Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi, the Cadi, of Seville, 399
Ibnu ’l-A‘rabi (philologist), 128
Ibn ‘Arabshah, 454
Ibnu ’l-Athir, 203, 205, 253, 355-356, 376, 379, 420, 429
Ibn Bajja, 361, 434
Ibn Bashkuwal, 426, 434
Ibn Bassam, 422, 434
Ibnu ’l-Baytar, 434
Ibn Durayd, 253, 280, 343
Ibnu ’l-Farid. See ‘Umar Ibnu ’l-Farid
Ibn Hajar, 456
Ibnu ’l-Hanafiyya. See Muhammad Ibnu ’l-Hanafiyya
Ibn Hani (poet), 419, 420
Ibn Hawqal, 356
Ibn Hayyan, 428
Ibn Hazm, 222, 341, 402, 423-428
Ibn Hisham, 17, 22, 23, 63, 64, 69, 144, 147, 150, 151, 152, 154, 156, 158, 166, 170, 173, 175, 349
Ibn Humam, 105
Ibnu ’l-‘Idhari, 407, 428, 429
Ibn Ishaq, 69, 144, 146, 149, 156, 247, 349
Ibn Jahwar, 424
Ibnu ’l-Jawzi, 355
Ibn Jubayr, 357, 434
Ibn Kabsha, nickname of Muhammad, 166
Ibn Khalawayh, 271
Ibn Khaldun, 32, 228, 229, 277, 278, 288, 289, 350, 353, 429, 435, 437-440, 443, 452
Ibn Khallikan, 129, 132, 190, 213, 224, 234, 245, 261, 266, 267, 276, 288, 295, 308, 312, 326, 343, 344, 346, 348, 355, 357, 359, 360, 377, 378, 387, 408, 422, 425, 427, 451-452
Ibn Khaqan, 425, 434
Ibnu ’l-Khatib, the Vizier, 413, 435, 436, 437
Ibn Khidham, 105
Ibn Khurdadbih, 356
Ibn Maja, 337
Ibn Malik of Jaen, 456
Ibn Mukarram (Jamalu ’l-Din), 456
Ibn Muljam, 193
Ibnu ’l-Muqaffa‘, 330, 346, 348, 358
Ibnu ’l-Mu‘tazz (poet), 325
Ibn Nubata (man of letters), 61
Ibn Nubata, the preacher, 271, 328
Ibnu ’l-Qifti, 355, 370, 387
Ibn Qutayba, xviii, 35, 49, 50, 51, 75, 77, 105, 117, 145, 202, 223, 257, 277, 280, 286, 287, 288, 289, 293, 294, 345, 346
Ibnu ’l-Qutiyya, 420
Ibn Quzman, 417
Ibn Rashiq, 71, 288
Ibnu ’l-Rawandi, 375
Ibn Rushd, 341, 361, 432, 434
Ibn Sab‘in, 434
Ibn Sa‘d, 144, 256, 349
Ibnu ’l-Sammak, 261
Ibnu ’l-Sikkit, 343
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), 265, 266, 341, 360, 361, 393
Ibn Sirin, 244
Ibn Surayj, 236
Ibn Taymiyya, 371, 462, 463, 465, 466
Ibnu ’l-Tiqtaqa, 454
Ibn Tufayt, 361, 432, 433, 434
Ibn Tumart, 431-432
Ibnu ’l-Wahshiyya, xxv
Ibnu ’l-Wardi, 455
Ibn Zaydun (poet), 419, 424-426
Ibn Zuhr, 434
Ibrahim (Abraham), xviii, 63. See Abraham
Ibrahim (‘Alid), 258
Ibrahim b. Adham, 232
Ibrahim b. Hilal al-Sabi, 328
Ibrahim of Mosul, 261
Idol-worship at Mecca, 62-64
Idris, 264
–Idrisi (geographer), 357, 434
Idrisid dynasty, the, 264
Ihya’u Ulum al-Din, 230, 234, 338, 340
–Iji (Adudu ’l-Din), 456
ijma‘, 460
ikhlas, 164
Ikhmim, 387
-Ikhtiyarat, 128
Ikhwánu ’l-Safa, 370-372, 388
-Iklil, 6, 12, 13, 24
-ilahiyyun, 382
Iliad, the, xxii, 325, 469
Il-Khans, the, xxix, 446
Il-Makah, 11
‘ilmu ’l-hadith(Science of Apostolic Tradition), 283
‘ilmu ’l-kalam(Scholastic Theology), 283
‘ilmu ’l-nujum(Astronomy), 283
‘ilmu ’l-qira’at(Koranic Criticism), 283
‘ilmu ’l-tafsir(Koranic Exegesis), 283
‘ilq, 101
‘Imadu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266
‘Imadu ’l-Din al-Katib al-Isfahani, 348, 355
Imam (head of the religious community), 210
Imam, the Hidden, 216-217, 371; the Infallible, 220, 432
Imam-Husayn, a town near Baghdad, 466. See Karbala
-imam al-ma‘sum, 432
Imamites, the, 251
Imams, the Seven, 217, 273
Imams, the Shi‘ite, 214-220
Imams, the Twelve, 217
Imamu ’l-Haramayn, 339, 379
iman(faith), 222
Imru’u ’l-Qays (poet), 42, 84, 85, 101, 102, 103-107, 128, 136, 246, 289
India, 4, 17, 268, 341, 352, 361, 389
India, History of, by -Biruni, 361
India, the influence of, on Moslem civilisation, 361, 389, 390
India, Moslem conquests in, 203, 268
Indian religion, described by -Shahrastani, 341
Indus, the, xxiv, 203, 264
Infanticide, practised by the pagan Arabs, 149, 243
Initiation, the Isma‘ilite degrees of, 273
Inquisition ( mihna) established by -Ma’mun, 368, 369
-Insan al-Kamil, the Perfect Man, 402
Inscriptions, the Babylonian and Assyrian, xxv, 4
Inscriptions, Himyarite. See Inscriptions, South Arabic
Inscriptions, Nabatæan, xxv, 3
Inscriptions, South Arabic, xvi, xxi, xxvi, 6-11
Inspiration, views of the heathen Arabs regarding, 72, 73, 152, 165
Intellectual and Philosophical Sciences, the, 282
Ionia, the dialect of, xxiii
-‘Iqd al-Farúd, 102, 131, 347, 420
Iram, 1
–‘Iraq, 34, 38, 42, 123, 132, 142, 201, 202, 207, 208, 243, 244, 255, 262, 266, 273, 303, 350, 419, 445. See Babylonia
-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba, 456
Isabella of Castile, 441
Isaiah, 151
Isfahan, 14, 131, 268, 280, 326, 347, 355, 419
Isfandiyar, 330, 363
Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Mawsili, 261, 362, 418
Ishaq b. Khalaf, 92
Ishmael. See Isma‘il
Isidore of Hispalis, 198
Islam, meaning of, 153; cardinal doctrines of, 163-168; formal and ascetic character of, 168, 224; derived from Christianity and Judaism, 176, 177; pagan elements in, 177; opposed to the ideals of heathendom, 177, 178; identified with the religion of Abraham, 62, 177; a world-religion, 184
Isma‘il (Ishmael), xviii, 63, 64
Isma‘il (Samanid), 265
Isma‘il b. ‘Abbad, 267. See -Sahib Isma‘il b. ‘Abbad
Isma‘il b. Naghdala, 428
Isma‘ilis, the, 217, 272-274, 363, 371, 372, 381, 420, 445
isnad, 144, 278, 352
–Isnawi, 339
Israel, 73
Istakhr, 356
–Istakhri, 356
istifa, 228
Italy, 412, 414, 441
Ithamara (Sabæan king), 4
–Ithna -‘ashariyya (the Twelvers), 217
I‘timad, name of a slave-girl, 422
-Itqan, 145, 455
ittihad, 402
‘iyar, 297
Iyas b. Qabisa, 53
‘Izzu ’l-Din b. ‘Abd al-Salam, 461
J
Jabal Tariq (Gibraltar), 204
Jabala b. -Ayham (Ghassanid), 50, 51, 52, 53, 54
–Jabariyya (the Predestinarians), 224
Jabir b. Hayyan, 361, 387
jabr(compulsion), 224, 297
Jacob, G., 74, 76
Jadala (tribe), 429
Jadhima al-Abrash, 34, 35, 36, 40
Jadis (tribe), 4, 25
Jaen, 456
Ja‘far, the Barmecide, 260
Ja‘far, son of the Caliph -Hadi, 260
Jafna, founder of the Ghassanid dynasty, 50
Jafnites, the. See Ghassanids, the
Jaghbub, 468
Jahdar b. Dubay‘a, 59
-jahiliyya(the Age of Barbarism), xxvi, 30, 31, 34, 71, 90, 158, 287
–Jahiz, 267, 280, 346-347, 375
jahiz, 346
–Jahiziyya (Mu‘tazilite sect), 346
jahl, meaning 'barbarism', 30
Jahm b. Safwan, 222
–Jahshiyari (Abu ‘Abdallah Muhammad b. ‘Abdus), 458
Jalalu ’l-Din Khwarizmshah, 444
Jalalu ’l-Din al-Mahalli, 455
Jalalu ’l-Din Rumi, Persian poet, 298, 393, 404
Jallaban, 293
-Jamhara fi ’l-Lugha, 343
Jamharatu Ash‘ari ’l-‘Arab, 130
–Jami (‘Abdu ’l-Rahman), Persian poet, 229, 284, 386, 433
-Jami‘, by -Tirmidhi, 337
-Jami‘a, 371
Jamil, 238
Jandal, 245
Janissaries, the, 413
–Jannabi, 375
–Jaradatan (name of two singing girls), 2
Jarir (poet), 205, 238, 239, 240, 242, 244-246
Jassas b. Murra, 56, 57
–Jawf, 9
Jawhar, 429
–Jawlan, 54
Jerusalem, 169, 177, 233, 275, 340, 355, 357
Jesus, 215, 216
Jews, the, 341. See Judaism
–Jibal (province), 292, 356, 445
Jibril (Gabriel), 150
jihad, 430
Jinn, the, 72, 112, 119, 152, 165
jinni(genie), 165
Jirjis -Makin (historian), 355
John of Damascus, 221
John of Ephesus, 52
Johnson, Dr., 286, 313
Joktan, xviii
Jones, E. R., 433
Jones, Sir William, 102, 452
Jong, P. de, 366
Jordan, the, 446
–Jubba’i, 377, 378
Judaism, established in -Yemen, 23, 137; zealously fostered by Dhu Nuwas, 26; in Arabia, 137-140, 149, 158, 170-172, 173, 176, 177; in Spain, 415, 428, 429; in Sicily, 441
Judaism, influence of, on Muhammadan thought, 176, 177, 215, 216
-ju‘iyya(the Fasters), 232
Juliana of Norwich, 233
Junayd of Baghdad, 228, 230, 392, 465
Junde-shapur, 358
Jurhum (tribe), xviii, 63, 117
Jurjan, 339
Jurji Zaydan, 435
Justinian, 43, 51, 104, 358
Justinus (Byzantine Emperor), 27, 52
–Juwayni (Abu ’l-Ma‘ali), 339, 379
Juynboll, 257, 262, 268, 350, 369
K
Ka‘b (tribe), 246
Ka‘b b. Zuhayr (poet), 119, 127, 327
–Ka‘ba, 63, 64, 65, 67, 101, 117, 154, 155, 157, 164, 169, 177, 198, 319, 400, 403, 467
Ka‘bu ’l-Ahbar, 185
