Текст книги "Implosion. The end of Russia and what it means for America"

Автор книги: Ilan Berman

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98.The realization of the given strategy is ensured by the consolidation of the energies and resources of state bodies and civil society institutions, directed towards the defense of Russia’s national interests by means of political, organizational, socioeconomic, legal, special, and other measures, developed within the framework of strategic planning in the Russian Federation.

99.Periodic amendments to the given Strategy are realized under the aegis of the Security Council of the Russian Federation – in accordance with the results of the constant monitoring of the realization of the given Strategy and in view of developments that would have a substantial influence on the state of national security.

100.Organizational support for the realization of the given Strategy consists of the improvement of the public administration of the Russian Federation and likewise the development of a system of national security on the basis of improvements to strategic planning mechanisms geared at the stable development of the Russian Federation and at the provision of national security under the direction of the President of the Russian Federation.

101.The system of documents of strategic planning (including the Concept of long-term socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation; the Program of short-term socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation; the strategies (programs) of development of separate economic sectors; the strategies (concepts) of development of the federal regions; the strategies and comprehensive programs of socioeconomic development of subjects of the Russian Federation; interstate programs in which Russia participates; federal (departmental) special programs; state defense contracting; conceptions, doctrines, and foundations (fundamental directions) of state policy with regards to ensuring national security and with regards to the domestic and foreign policy of the state) are formulated by the Government of the Russian Federation and relevant federal organs of executive power, with the participation of state bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation.

102.By resolution of the president of the Russian Federation, documents regarding issues of domestic and foreign policy can be brought up for review before the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

103.The development of strategic planning documents is executed in agreement with the order of business [parliamentary procedure] of the government of the Russian Federation, and in accordance with the system of document preparation of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation.

104.State policy relating to the fight against terrorism and drug-related crimes is formulated by the State Antinarcotics Committee and the National Antiterrorism Committee—interdepartmental bodies which ensure coordination between federal organs of executive power and government bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the relevant domains.

105.Comprehensive questions pertaining to national security may be examined at joint sessions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the State Council of the Russian Federation, and the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, with the participation of other advisory and consultative bodies, created to guarantee the constitutional powers of the president of the Russian Federation.

106.Normative legal measures supporting the realization of the given Strategy are determined on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, decrees and orders of the president of the Russian Federation, resolutions and acts of the Parliament of the Russian Federation, and likewise normative legal acts of the federal organs of executive power.

107.The informational and informational-analytical support for the realization of the given Strategy is performed under the coordinating aegis of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, by attracting the information resources of relevant state bodies and state scientific institutions, with the use of a system of “distributed Situation Centers” working in coordination with one another.

108.For the development of a system of Situation Centers in the medium term, it will be necessary to overcome technological lag in the most important areas of IT, telecommunications, and interconnectivity, which determine the state of national security; to develop and introduce technologies of information security into systems of government and military administration, systems of management of ecologically dangerous products and critically important sites and likewise to create conditions for the harmonization of the national information infrastructure with global information networks and systems.

109.Threats to information security in the course of realizing the given Strategy are prevented by improving the security of the information and telecommunications systems of critically important infrastructure and high-risk facilities in the Russian Federation; by increasing the level of protection of corporate and individual information systems; and by creating a unified system of information-telecommunication support for the system of national security.

110.The development and realization of a range of efficient and prolonged measures for the prevention of threats to national security in the federal regions are performed by the federal organs of executive power in cooperation with the state bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, under the coordinating aegis of the government of the Russian Federation.

111.Monitoring of the realization of the given Strategy is conducted within the framework of the annual report of the secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation to the president of the Russian Federation, regarding the state of national security and measures for its reinforcement.

VI. THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE STATE OF NATIONAL SECURITY

112.The main indicators of the state of national security are designated in order to evaluate the level of national security and include:

–the level of unemployment (as a proportion of the economically active population);

–the decile coefficient (the correlation between the incomes of the top and bottom 10% of the population);

–the rate of growth of consumer prices;

–the level of the internal and external state debt as a percentage of GDP;

–the level of fiscal support for health, culture, education and science as a percentage of GDP;

–the level of annual renewal of armaments and military and specialist equipment;

–the level of supply of military and engineering-technical cadres;

The list of basic indicators of national security can be made more precise in accordance with the results of monitoring of the state of national security.

The realization of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2020 is expected to become a motivating factor in the development of the national economy; the improvement of the population’s quality of life; the assurance of political stability within society; the reinforcement of national defense, state security, and law and order; and the enhancement of the competitiveness and international status of the Russian Federation.

* Unofficial open source translation. Verified by Heather Stetten of the American Foreign Policy Council. Russian language original available at the following website, http://archive.kremlin.ru/text/docs/2009/05/216229.shtml.

INDEX

1917 Bolshevik Revolution, 22

1995 Gore-Chernomyrdin Agreement, 85

1999 Dagestan raid, 43–44

2014 Winter Olympics, 45

9/11, 1, 8, 86

A

Abkhazia, 112–13

abortions, xi, 14, 24–25, 29

rates of, 19–20

Adygeya, 32

“Afghan alumni,” 43

Afghanistan, 43, 119

1979 intervention in, 82

Coalition efforts in, 116

Islamic extremism and, 117

Russian arms contracts with, 90

Soviet withdrawal from, 82

U.S. and allied activity in, 85

Africa, 13–14, 57

AIDS, 10, 14, 21. See alsoHIV/AIDS

al-Assad, Bashar, 7, 89

al-Assad, Hafez, 88–89

alcoholism, xi, 18, 25, 224, 227

al Khattab, Omar Ibn, 43–44

“All-Russian National Front,” 69

All-Tatar Public Center, 48

al Qaeda, 43

“alternative futures,” 120, 124

Amelina, Yana, 49, 52

American Enterprise Institute, 18, 119

American Foreign Policy Council, ix, 56

Amur River, 53, 55

Amur Valley, 55

ancien régime, 84

anti-Americanism, 10, 121

Anti-Corruption Council, 72

Arabist, 83

Arab League, 83

Arab Spring, 89–91

Arafat, Yasser, 82

Arbatov, Alexei, 61, 86

“Arctic cold war,” 80

“Arctic Five,” 78–79

Arctic zone, the, 79, 165–69, 171–84, 209, 219

Armenia, 42

Aron, Leon, 119

Asia, 61

American strategic priorities and, 93

countries of, 94, 124

labor migration abroad and, 57

Islamic Republic of Iran and, 94

Ottoman Empire and, 13

political and economic power, 6, 64

Russia and, 61, 92, 94–98, 100–1, 121

Asia Times, 59

Askerzade, Fariz, 51

Association of South East Asian Nations, 98

Atlantic Alliance, 106

Aton, 16

ayatollahs, 86

Azerbaijan, 30, 42, 209

B

Ba’athist state, 84

Baker, Raymond, 72

Baku-Tbilisi Caspian oil route, 76. See alsoTbilisi

ballistic missiles, 8, 95, 117

Baltics, the, 108, 121

Barabanov, Oleg, 98

Basayev, Shamil, 43–44

Bashkortostan, 47

Beijing, 6, 54–57, 61, 63, 65, 101, 121

Belarus, 6, 106, 108–10, 114, 201

Beloborodov, Igor, 20

Ben Ali, Zine al-Abidine, 90

Berlin Institute for Population and Development, 31

Beslan massacre, 37, 50

bin Laden, Osama, 44

birth control, 19

birth rates, 13, 29, 54, 214

black market, 32

Black Sea, 113

Blagoveshchensk, 53

Bordachev, Timofei, 98

Boston Marathon, 1

Botswana, 18

Bouazizi, Mohamed, 89

Boyz II Men, 24

British Petroleum (BP), 80

Buddhism, 75

Bugajski, Janusz, 76

Burma, 97

Bush, George W., 44, 117

Buynansk, 44

C

Cairo, 90

Canada, 15, 78–79

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 9

Carnegie Moscow Center, 50

Caucasus, the, 42, 45, 50–51, 85, 108

al Khattab and, 44

countries of, 42

“internal abroad” and, 50

migrants from, 33, 35

“near abroad” and, 7, 33

NGOs in, 46, 87

Russian military in, 50

threats from Moscow and, 6

violence in, 35

war in, 44

Caucasus Emirate, 41, 45, 47

Center for Strategic and International Studies, 29, 49, 76

Central Asia, 62, 76, 85, 108, 193

AIDS-related deaths in, 21

anti-Western partnership in, 62, 196

independence movements in, 42

majority-Muslim republics of, 82

migrants from, 35, 123

NATO and, 87

“near abroad” and, 7, 33

U.S. and allied activity in, 85

centralization, 36, 38

Chechen, Chechnya, 42, 44, 50.

See alsoFirst Chechen War

Islamist movement, 43

Muslims, 28

parliament, 45

Tsnarnaev brothers, 1

Chelyabinsk, 59

Christ the Savior Cathedral, 74

Chubais, Anatoly, 108

Churchill, Winston, 125

Civic Chamber, 35, 86, 236

Clinton administration, 88

Clinton, Hillary, 115

Coalition, 84–85, 116

Cohen, Ariel, 52

Cold War, 7, 10, 17, 19–20, 22, 28, 61–62, 80, 82

Collective Security Treaty Organization, 7

“color revolutions,” 37, 70, 87

communism, Communist, 17, 19, 24, 58, 73

Crimean Muslims, 28

Cyprus, 95

czars, 9

Czech Republic, 117

D

Dagestan, 29, 31–32, 43–46

Damascus, 7, 88–89

Day of Married Love and Family Happiness, 24

death rates, 18, 214

Demographic Yearbook, 19

demography, 14, 16, 18, 24

Denmark, 78–79

depopulation, 6, 14, 121

Der Spiegel, 45, 103

derzhavnost, 9, 34

Dima Yakovlev Law, 119

divorce rate, 19

Domodedovo, 41, 50

Dudayev, Dzokhar, 43

Dugin, Alexandr, 104–6, 108

Duma Defense Committee, 86

Duma (State Duma), 24, 36, 61, 69, 72–73, 106–7

E

Eastern Command, 65

Eberstadt, Nicholas, 18

Economic and Security Review Commission, 61

Egypt, 90–91

electromagnetic pulse weapons, 8

Eniler mosque, 46

Eurasia, 76, 85, 105–6, 123, 184

“Eurasia Party,” 105

“Euro-Islam,” 47

European Phased Adaptive Approach, 96, 118

European Union, the (EU), 18, 25, 27, 95, 112, 196

“Evil Empire,” the, 9, 42

F

Faizov, Ildus, 48

Far East, 6, 53–65, 96–98, 100–1, 121–22, 124, 209, 219

Far Right, 33–35

“federal center,” 38, 60

federalism, 36, 38

“Federal Targeted Program,” 60

Federation Council, the, 37

fertility rates, 14–15, 29 Financial Times, 106

First Chechen War, 43–44. See alsoChechen, Chechnya

Florida, 73

“foreign agent law,” 70

Foundations of Russian Federation Policy in the Arctic until 2020 and Beyond, The, 79, 165–84. See alsoRussia

FSB, the, 44, 176

G

Gaddafi, Muammar, 90

Gaynutdin, Ravil, 27–28

Gazovaya Ulitsa, 46–47

Gazprom, 80, 97

geopolitics, 14, 104–5

Georgia, 7, 42, 96, 111–14, 209

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, 112

Ghana, 91

“global commons,” 79, 165

Global Financial Integrity (GFI), 72

“global zero,” 9

Goble, Paul, 30

Golts, Alexander, 65

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 17

“Great Patriotic War,” 125

Greece, 95

Gref, German, 77

gross domestic product (GDP), 25, 72, 214, 240

H

Hagel, Chuck, 118

Hahn, Gordon, 31, 38, 49

hajj, 30

Hamas, 83

Heilongjiang province, 54

Heritage Foundation, the, 52

Higher School of Economics, 33

Hitler, Adolf, 125

HIV/AIDS, 20–21. See alsoAIDS

Hizb-ut Tahrir (HuT), 48

Hoffer, Eric, 75

Huntington, Samuel, 110

Hussein, Saddam, 82, 84

hydrocarbons, 60, 79, 168, 174

I

Independent Institute for Social Policy, 50

Indian Ocean, 93

Indonesia, 18

Ingush, Ingushetia, 28–29, 31–32, 41, 44

Institute of Demography, Migration, and Regional Development, 18

Institute for Scientific Information, 16

“intellectual war,” 50

Interfax, 77

Interior Ministry, 45

“internal abroad,” 50

International AIDS Society, 21

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 23

International Space Station, 118

Iran

ballistic missile threats and, 95

dictatorship in, xii

nuclear ambitions and, 7, 84–87

“orthodox Iran,” 73, 75

Russian alliance with, 105

Shi’a Muslim state of, 91

Iraq, 82, 84–85, 193

Ishayev, Victor, 64

Islam, xii, 47, 75, 82, 91–92, 124. See alsoShi’a; Sunni; Tatar Islam

Afghanistan and, 117

Caucasus Emirate and, 41

Chechnya and, 43–44

North Caucasus and, 122

profession of, 27–28

radical, xi, 2, 11, 38–39, 42, 45–46, 48–52

Russia and, 28, 30–31

Tatarstan and, 123

Islamic fundamentalism, 47

Islamic Republic of Iran, 85–86, 88, 94

“Islamic state,” 82

Islamism, 45, 51–52

Istanbul, 30, 87

Ittifak, 48

“Ivanov Doctrine,” 109

Ivanov, Sergei, 98, 109

J

Japan, 15, 53, 94, 97, 99–100, 105

Jewish Autonomous Region, 54, 58

jihad, 43, 82

jihadi, jihadism, jihadist, 6, 38, 44, 47

Jintao, Hu, 63

Jordan, 43–44, 87

Judaism, 75

Justice Ministry, 70

K

Kabardino-Balkaria, 31–32

Kaliningrad, 106

Karachaevo-Cherkessia, 32

Karaganov, Sergei, 64, 97

Kasparov, Garry, 74

Kazakhstan, 18, 30, 106, 114, 209

Kazan, 46, 48

KGB, 82, 104

Khabarovsk, 54, 58, 65

Khakimov, Rafael, 47

Khamitov, Rustem, 49

Khasavyurt, 43

Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 77

Kiev, 110–11

Kirill II, 73

Klepach, Andrey, 25

Kogas, 97

Kokoshin, Andrei, 86

komunalki, 19

Korea, Koreans, 53

Kozyrev, Andrei, 83

Krasnoyarsk, 59

Kremlin, the, 22, 26, 28, 35, 42, 45–46, 50, 54, 59–60, 69–76, 82, 91, 94, 103, 106–7

Arctic and, 78

Asia and, 99–100, 121–22

Belarus and, 108–9

centralization and, 36, 38

Chechnya and, 51, 83

counterterrorism and, 37, 44, 49, 52, 123

demographics and, 15, 23–24, 125–26

energy sector and, 77

Far East and, 64–65, 97

Far Right’s ascendance and, 34

geopolitical posturing of, 10

Georgia and, 112–13

Iraq and, 84

Muslims and, 11, 38, 92

Obama administration and, 96

resource control of, 11

Russian Orthodoxy and, 74–75

security forces of, 33

Syria and, 88–89

Ukraine and, 110–11

United Russia and, 68

Krupnov, Yuri, 18

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 81

Kudrin, Alexei, 103–4, 107

Kuril Islands (Kurils), 99

L

Lake Baikal, 100

Lavrov, Sergei, 95, 115

“Law on Combating Extremist Activity,” 37

Lebed, Alexandr, 63

Lenin, Vladimir, 22, 107

Levada Analytical Center, 33

Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), 34

Libya, 90

life expectancy, 17–18

Lipmann, Masha, 9

Literaturnaya Gazeta, 114

live births, 14–15, 19–20

Lomonosov Ridge, 79

Lukashenko, Alexander, 109–10

M

Madagascar, 18

Magnitsky Act, 119

Magnitsky, Sergei, 22, 119

Malashenko, Alexei, 50

Mali, 91

“managed democracy,” 71

Manezh Square, 33

Marshall, Andrew W., 120

Mecca, 30

Medvedev, Dmitry, 24, 46, 64, 67–69, 72, 78, 95, 99, 118, 185

Middle East, the, 7, 11, 30, 46, 82–83, 87–88, 91–92, 105, 193

Middle Volga region, 32, 219

Military-Industrial Commission, 107

Milli Mejlis, 48

Minsk, 109

“mission accomplished” speech, 44

Moldova, 106

Mongolia, 17

Moscow, 16, 22, 31, 33, 36, 41, 62, 73–75, 83, 90, 94, 96, 98, 107–14, 117–18, 165

Arctic and, 79–80

Boyz II Men, 24

Chechnya and, 31

China and, 55, 61, 63–65, 121–22

demographics and, 52

Eastern Europe and the Caucasus and, 6, 45

economy and, 71

energy and, 75–78

Far East and, 54, 57–58, 99–101

majority-Muslim republics and, 5, 30, 51, 82, 123

Middle East and, 84–86, 88–89, 91

“near abroad” and, 7, 87

race-related violence in, 34, 44

radical Islam and, 49–50

Putin and, 68, 82

Soviet-style politics and, 7

Ukraine and, 110–11

United States and, 10, 119–20

War on Terror, 116

Western governments and, 10, 17

Moscow’s Institute of Demography, 16, 18

Moscow State University, 98, 105

“mother’s capital,” 1

Mubarak, Hosni, 90

mufti, 27, 48

mujahideen, 43

Mukhetdinov, Damir-Khazrat, 38–39

“multilateralism,” 80, 100

“multi-polarity,” 55

Munich Security Conference, 95

Muslim, Muslims, 41–42, 92

background, 30

countries, 6

migrants, 30, 123

minority, 11, 38, 75, 91, 114

population, 30, 32, 52, 116, 123

regions, 86

religious regimes, 46

republics, 51

Russian, 28, 32, 38–39, 52

states, 91

underclass, 5, 32, 52

women, 29

world, 81–84, 91, 123

youth, 47

Muslim Brotherhood, 91

“Muslim Russia,” 28

Muslim Spiritual Directorate of European Russia, 38

Myanmar, 97

N

Nabucco natural gas pipeline, 76

Nashi, 34

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 118

nationalism, nationalist, 5, 33–35, 38, 43, 46, 49, 63, 104, 106, 111, 192, 206, 208

National Research University, 98

National Review, 125–26

National Security Council, 78, 89, 124

Nations of Dagestan, 45

natural gas, 25, 60, 76–78, 80, 97, 172

Navalny, Alexei, 74

near abroad, 7, 33, 85, 87, 109

Nemtsov, Boris, 75

New START, 117

Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 108

NGOs, 46, 70

Nicaragua, 15

Niger, 14

Nixon, Richard, 120

Nizhny Novgorod, 59

Nord-Ost theater, 50

North Africa, 87, 90

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 7, 61–62, 87, 90, 95–96, 106, 116, 118, 191, 196

North Caucasus, 28–29, 31–32, 46, 51, 122

North Korea, 117

North Ossetia, 32

Norway, 78

Novaya Gazeta, 22

Novaya Silaparty, 34

O

Obama administration, 9, 93, 96, 115–18, 120, 125

Obama, Barack, 9, 115, 117, 119

Ochamshire, 113

Odessa-Brody pipeline, 76. See alsoPoland; Ukraine

Office of Drugs and Crime, 21

Office of Net Assessment (ONA), 120

Oktyabrsky, 47

Oman, 90

Open Government Initiative, 72

Orange Revolution, 37, 110

Oreshkin, Dmitry, 22

Organization of the Islamic Conference, 81

Organization for Islamic Cooperation (OIC), 81

“orthodox Iran,” 75

Osnovi Geopolitike(The Foundations of Geopolitics), 104

Ottoman Empire, the, 13

P

Pacific Fleet, 61, 65

Palestine, 83

Palestine Liberation Organization, 82

Palestinian Authority (PA), 83

Panetta, Leon, 93

Papua-New Guinea, 98

“peace dividend,” 24

Pekhtin, Vladimir, 72–73

Peking, 55

Pentagon, the, 62, 120

People’ s Daily, 56, 62

People’s Republic of China (PRC), 54

peregruzka, 115

perestroika, 17

perezagruzka, 115

Peru, 17

“phased adaptive approach,” 96, 117–18

pluralism, 68, 70

Pokrovsky, Vadim, 21

Poland, 76, 117. See alsoOdessa-Brody pipeline

“political nationalists,” 34

Ponomaryov, Lev, 74

Pora Valit, 26

post-Soviet space, 6, 8, 37, 62, 70, 85, 87, 106, 121

Potemkin village, 70

precious metals, 60

Primakov, Yevgeny, 82–83

Primorskii Krai, 54, 97

Primorye, 58

Public Committee on Human Rights, 74

Pussy Riot, 74

Putin, Vladimir, 7, 35, 37, 51, 70, 73–74, 81–82, 95, 101, 103, 105–7

Asia and, 55–56, 61, 63–64, 97

authoritarian regime of, 8, 22, 35–36, 71–72

counterterrorism and, 44

demographic decline of Russia and, 23–24

Far East and, 53–54, 60

geopolitics and, 9, 121

migration from Russia and, 23

military and, 8

nationalistic ideas and, 34

political candidates and, 69

reforms of, 38

United Russia and, 36

United States and, 118, 120

weakening popularity and power of, 67–68, 73, 80

Q

Qaradawi, Yusuf, 91

Qing Dynasty, 55

R

Rakhimov, Murtaza, 49

“reset,” 10, 115–19, 125

RIA Novosti, 23

Rodina(Motherland), 34

Rogozin, Dmitry, 34, 106–7

“Rose Revolution,” 112

Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 83

Russia, 24, 104, 106–114. See also Foundations of Russian Federation Policy in the Arctic until 2020 and Beyond, The

AIDS crisis and, 10, 14, 21

Asia and, 94–101

China and, 6, 11–12

demographics of, 11, 13–20, 24–25

Duma and, 36

economy of, 25

Far East of, 6, 53–65

implosion of, 3, 6, 9, 12, 115–26

Iran and, 7

migration from, 22–23, 25–26

Muslims and, 11, 27–39, 81–92, 114

post-Soviet, 10, 21, 28, 104

Putin and, 8–9, 22, 35, 38, 44, 53, 67–80, 103

radical Islam and, 2

Soviet Union and, 7–8, 22, 42, 108

Stalin and, 9

United States and, 10, 12

Yeltsin and, 8

wars and, 42–52

Russian Federation, the, 42, 71, 95, 107, 109–10, 114, 117. See alsoRussia

Arctic and, 79, 165–84

China and, 59

HIV/AIDS and, 21

Islamic radicalism in, 42, 91

Muslims in, 30, 39, 82

national security strategy, 185–240

natural gas and, 76

NGOs active in, 70

non-Slavs within, 33

population of, 10, 14, 20, 29, 125

territory of, 6, 122

upheaval of, 10, 12

United States and, 119–20

Russian Institute of Strategic Studies, 49

Russian Islamic University, 46

Russian Orthodox Church, the (Russian Orthodoxy), 28, 73–75, 109–10, 123

Russian Question, The, 107

Russian Supreme Court, 48

Russkiyemovement, 34

S

S-400 air defense system, 65

Saakashvili, Mikheil, 112–13

Sakhalin Island (Sakhalin), 60, 97, 99

Saudi Arabia, 18, 30, 75

Seoul, 97, 117

separatism, separatist, 5, 42, 49, 85, 124, 186, 192, 208

September 1999

bombings, 44

Serdyukov, Anatoly, 72

shadow economy, 32

Shah, Apoorva, 18

shale gas, 77

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), 7, 62

Shangri-La, 98

Shevardnadze, Eduard, 112

Shi’a, 51, 91, 123. See alsoIslam

Shui-bian, Chen, 62

Siberia, 48, 54, 65, 96, 100–1, 219

“sick man of Europe,” 13

siloviki, 82

Singapore, 98

Sino-Russian, 55, 61, 63, 65

Slavic, Slavs, 5–6, 28–29, 32–33, 52, 106–7, 109, 114, 124

Sochi, 45

softwood lumber, 60

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 107, 123

Southern District, 32

“southern rim,” 85

South Korea, 94, 97, 117

South Ossetia, 112–13

SOVA, 34

Soviet Academy of Sciences, 16

Soviet Union, the, 6–7, 9, 12, 16–17, 20, 26, 28, 30, 42, 49, 52, 82, 84, 88, 99, 106, 108, 112, 121, 124–25

Spartak, 33

Stalin, Joseph, 9, 22, 28, 125

Stevastopol, 111

Steyn, Mark, 15, 125

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 87

St. Petersburg University, 103

strategic culture, 14

Strategy 2020, 64

Sufi, 45

Suleymanov, Rais, 49

Sunni, 91–92, 123. See alsoIslam

Sviridov, Yegor, 33

Syria, 7, 88–89, 91, 96

T

Taiwan, 61–62

Taiwan Strait, 62

Tanzania, 91

Tartus, 88

Tatar Islam, 47, 52. See alsoIslam

Tatarstan, 32, 46–49, 51, 53

Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 47

Tbilisi, 113. See alsoBaku-Tbilisi Caspian oil route

Tehran, 84–85

Third Reich, 125

Tokyo, 99–100

Tonga, 17

“total fertility rate” (TFR), 14–16

Trans-Baikal regions, 60

Transdniester region, 106

Treaty of Aigun, 55

Treaty on Friendship, Good Neighborliness and Cooperation (Treaty on Friendship and Good Neighborliness), 55, 109

Treaty of Nerchinsk, 55

Treaty of Peking, 55

Tsarnaev, Dzhokhar, 1–2

Tsarnaev, Tamerlan, 1–2

Tulip Revolution, 37

Tunis, 90

Tunisia, 89

Turkey, 15, 30

Turkmenistan, 15

Tuvalu, 17

“twenty-first century nuclear arsenal,” 8

U

Ufa, 49

Ukraine, 6, 21, 37, 76, 88, 106, 108, 110–11, 114, 209. See alsoOdessa-Brody pipeline

Umarov, Doku, 47

umma, 38

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 2, 10, 15–17, 19, 24, 28, 42, 73, 75, 82, 88, 99, 107–8, 123, 125, 166

United Nations (UN), 29, 62, 83, 113, 124, 194, 233–34

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 79

United Nations Development Programme, 32

United Nations Security Council, 124, 194

United Russia, 36–37, 68–69, 72

United States, the, 3, 9, 30, 194

allies in the West of, 12

“Arctic Five” nation of, 78

Asia-Pacific and, 94, 124

China and, 61–62

Cold War and, 17

cooperation with Russia and, 118–19, 197, 234

economy of, 24

Europe and, 95

Georgia and, 112

immigrants in, 33

Magnitsky and, 119

migrant labor force of, 33

Moscow and, 6

NATO and, 7, 61, 87

Russia’s implosion and, 12

Russia’s “main enemy” as, 10, 105

shale gas and, 77

“total fertility rate” of, 15

Western powers and, 6, 110

United States Congress, 117, 119

Unity Party, 68

Ural Mountains, 11

U.S. Census Bureau, 15

U.S. Department of Energy, 76

U.S. Geological Survey, 78

USS Abraham Lincoln, 44

Ustinov, Mark, 33

V

Valdai Discussion Club, 94, 96

Valentine’s Day, 24

Velikhov, Yevgeny, 86

Verkhovsky, Alexander, 34

Viagra, 24

Vishnevsky, Anatoly, 15–16

Vladivostok, 97

Volga region, 28–29, 47, 116

Volgodonsk, 44

“Vostok-2010,” 65

W

Wahhabis, Wahhabism, 46–47, 49

Walking Together, 35

War on Terror, 42, 116

Washington, D.C., 6, 10, 12, 14, 17, 29, 76, 116–17, 119–20, 125

West, the, 2, 6, 8–10, 12–14, 18–20, 68, 81, 87–88, 90, 95, 106, 116, 120, 124–26

We Will Reclaim Russia for Ourselves, 106

White House, the, 96, 118–19

“wild east,” 8

World War I (First World War), 13

World War II (Second World War), 99, 125

X

xenophobes, xenophobia, 11, 33, 35, 74, 123, 192

Y

“Yabloko,” 86

Yakupov, Valiulla, 48

Yanukovych, Viktor, 111

Yellow Sea, 62

Yeltsin, Boris, 8, 35–36, 61, 70–71, 88

Yeltsin era, 8, 36

Yemen, 18

Yevloyev, Magomed, 41

Young Guard, the, 35

“youth bulge,” 16

Yugoslavia, 123

Yukos, 77

Yushchenko, Viktor, 111

Z

Zemin, Jiang, 55, 61

Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 34

Zimbabwe, 14

Zubarevich, Natalia, 58