Текст книги "Практический курс английского языка 1 курс"
Автор книги: Владимир Аракин
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Institute with excellent marks. 3. My
favourite subject at ... school was ... Literature. 4. My brother goes in for ...
sports. 5. It was decided to finish ... building of ... house in ... shortest possible
time. 6. I'm going to join ... sports society. 7. He is ... member of ... students'
English club. 8. We haven't yet had ... discussion on ... book we are reading now.
9.1 got... satisfactory mark for ... test. 10. Read and translate ... text, do ...
Exercise 5 orally and ... Exercise 8 in ... written form.
11.He turned on ... radio as he was going to listen to ... news.
12.
... Pacific Ocean is seldom quiet. 13. I'm afraid he is so short of...
time.
XII.
Express a similar idea by using the synonymic expression to make up one's
mind.
M o d e l : We decided to learn to swim. We made up our minds
to learn to swim.
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1. I decided to go for a walk as it was a pleasant evening. 2. We decided to
answer his question in written form. 3. He decided to speak to the assistant-dean
about his work. 4. Our cousin decided to go to the country for his holiday. 5. He
decided to recite his new poem to his friends. 6. He decided to get an excellent
mark in English. 7. He decided to master two foreign languages.
XIII.
Intensify the idea of liking by using to be fond o f . M o d e l : I like
dancing. I am fond of dancing.
1. I like Tchaikovsky's music. 2. The girls liked to spend time in the open air.
3. I like swimming. 4. He likes Byron's poetry. 5. We all like Russian nature. 6.
The old man liked this beautiful park.
XIV.
Intensify the idea by using the construction one can't help doing smth.
M o d e l : I laughed at the boy. I couldn't help laughing at the
boy.
1. We love Repin's work, he is a great artist. 2. I went to my sister's yesterday,
it was my niece's birthday. 3. I invited Helen, she is one of my best friends. 4. I
entered a teachers' training institute, I love children. 5. I told her everything. She
wanted to know all about her mother. 6. I smiled while looking at that funny
animal.
XV.
Intensify the idea by adding it goes without saying at the beginning of each of
the given sentences.
M o d e l : We are proud of our University. It goes without saying we are
proud of our University.
1. We read a newspaper every day. 2. We must work systematically if we want
to know English well. 3. She will get an excellent mark. 4. His work is very
interesting. 5. Teaching is a noble profession. 6. He is a well-bred person. 7. We
are eager to master the English language.
XVI.
Give sentences with the construction to take part using the following words:
discussion, concert, work, excursion, expedition, picnic.
XVII.
Give sentences with the constructions to go in for and to be good at using
the following words. Explain their meaning:
music, sports, poetry, painting, swimming, singing, foreign languages.
XVIII.
a) Let the members of the class ask and answer questions. Give short
answers and add a sentence of your own in the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous Tenses
as in the models.
M o d e l 1: When did he take his exam in History? – On Wednesday. He
passed it successfully.
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M o d e l 2: Were they playing chess when he returned? – No, (they weren't).
They were having supper.
b) Respond to the negative sentence of your fellow-student as in the model. Use
contracted forms in speech.
M o d e l 1: He didn't leave Moscow the other day. – No, (he didn't). He left
only yesterday.
M o d e l 2: The girls were not playing the piano when he came. – No, (they
weren't). They were listening to the news.
XIX.
Ask one another questions as in the model. Repeat your question beginning it
with / asked i f ... . Student B. could start answering with Sony / didn't catch that; I'm
afraid 1 missed that, 1 beg your pardon; Would you mind repeating that, please.
M o d e l : A: Did you take part in the discussion?
B: I'm afraid I didn't quite hear what you said.
A: I asked if you took part in the discussion. В: I did. The discussion was very
interesting.
XX.
Translate the following into English:
1. Мы стараемся принимать участие в дискуссиях о новых фильмах. Мы
принимаем участие в общественной жизни Университета. Мы принимаем
участие в работе английского клуба. 2. Почему вы не принимаете участия в
нашей работе (в нашем концерте, в нашем обсуждении)? 3. Он занимается
(интересуется) спортом (музыкой, живописью, языками, научной работой,
пением, искусством). 4 Те, кто приезжают из других городов, живут в
общежитии. 5. Он принял решение поступить в Московский педагогический
университет (University) (стать учителем; усиленно заниматься в этом
семестре). 6. Я не могу не остановиться, когда вижу этого милого ребенка. Я
не могла не поступить в педагогический университет, я моблю детей. 7. Дети
гордятся своим отцом-моряком. Они гордятся своими успехами (their
success). Они все сдали экзамены и получили оценку «отлично». Жители
Волгограда гордятся своим городом. Это действительно новый, чудесный
город. 8. Не сердись на меня. Это моя ошибка. Они сердятся на меня, потому
что я опоздала (потому что я не ответила на их письмо). 9. Само собой
разумеется, на уроках английского языка мы говорим только по-английски,
Само собой разумеется, он помог нам. 10. Я не могу избавиться от этой
ошдбки в произношении (от тяжелой мысли; от этой болезни). 11. Когда вы
сдали последний экзамен? – Я сдала последний экзамен 12 августа. Она
сдала последний экзамен. Вы сдали этот экзамен? – Да, я сдал последний
экзамен и теперь свободен. Он не сдавал с нами экзамен, так как был болен.
Он не выдержал (не сдал) экзамен. Мы сдаем экзамен по английскому языку
в январе. Надеюсь, что мы все сдадим его.
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XXI.
Retell Text 1 in the person of Ann, Helen.
XXII.
Complete the following sentences:
1.1 made up my mind ... .2. Next Wednesday we shall take part in ... . 3. Did
you take part in ...? 4, It goes without saying ... . 5.1 can't get rid of... . 6. He found
out that... . 7.1 am fond of... . 8. Do you find it difficult to ... . 9. My elder sister is
very good at... . 10. I can't help .... 11. We are proud of... . 12. Did you manage
to ...? *
XXIII.
Think of situations using the following words and word combinations:
a) to take an exam (exams); to get a mark; to enter an institute; to take part in;
not to make mistakes; to be lucky;
b) to get rid of; to be good at; to make a report on; they say.
XXIV.
Make up sentences using the following word combinations:
to be angry with; to take part in; to give a mark; to get a mark in (a subject); to
make progress; to be good at; to be lucky; to join smth.; to find out; to make up
one's mind; to make mistakes; to do homework (lab work); to go in for; to take an
exam in (a subject); to pass the exam; to get rid of; to be proud of; one can't help
doing smth.; to master the language.
XXV.
Think of– stimulating phrases to which the following sentences
are the replies. Work in pairs:
1. You are lucky. 2. Certainly. 3. Sure. 4. I hope to. 5. Willingly. 6. Rather. 7.
Pardon! 8. All right. 9. It's high time to do it. 10. Nothing of the kind. 11. Never
mind. 12. I should like to. 13. You don't say so. 14. Sorry. 15. It's out of the
question. 16. No more, thank you. 17. Here you are. 18. I'm afraid, I am (was, did,
have). 19. Just a moment. 20. I believe so. 21. So did (have, was, am) I. 22.
Neither did (was, have, am) I. 23. How clever you are. 24. No at all.
XXVI.
Respond to the following sentences:
1. Will you come to our party? 2 Is it late to go downstairs to the laboratory? 3.
Have some more coffee, will you? 4.1 am so thankful to you, you have helped me
a lot. 5. It's so cold today. 6. Let's go to the museum together. 7. You don't know
our new secretary, do you? 8. I've already invited their parents to our party. 9. I
should like to join our English choir. 10. She is very good at swimming. 11. I find
it rather difficult to study a foreign language. 12. Will you go to the Caucasus in
summer? 13. We are going to have a test in oral practice this week. 14. He has
passed his exam in Chemistry and got an excellent mark. 15. The girl has failed at
her exam, you know. 16. Would you like to go to the skating-rink tonight? 17. He
is very good at skating. 18. Will you put my fountain-pen right? 19. Will you turn
off the tap? The bath is full of water. 20. Shall I turn on the radio? I should like to
listen to the news. 21. I'm so sorry. I can't
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get this book. 22. It's so stuffy here. You should air the room. 23. How could
you say such a thing?
XXVII.
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Я окончила школу два года назад. Я уже закончила работу и могу пойти
с вами в кино. Когда я кончила работу, я решила пойти погулять. Собрание
окончилось, и мы пошли домой. 2. Моя сестра поступила в институт в 1982
году. Когда я вошла в зал, я увидела, что там было много студентов. 3.
Москвичи гордятся своим городом-героем. 4. Мы не можем не думать о
предстоящих экзаменах. 5. Его родители уехали из Киева, когда ему было 10
лет. 6. Я сдала на отлично вступительный экзамен по английскому языку.
Сколько экзаменов вы выдержали в прошлом году? Нина сдала экзамен по
физике, но не сдала химию. 7. Какую оценку вы получили за изложение? 8.
Мальчик хорошо отвечал, и учитель поставил ему пять. 9. Я знаю этого
преподавателя, он экзаменовал меня но истории в прошлом году. 10. У нее
хорошие оценки по всем предметам. 11. Мой брат любит математику, физику
и химию, а я люблю литературу и географию. 12. На прошлой неделе у нас
была контрольная. Я получила три. 13. На уроках практики речи мы читаем,
отвечаем на вопросы, делаем устные и письменные упражнения. Сделайте
упражнение 3 устно, а 7 и 8 письменно. 14. Вчера я готовила уроки в
лаборатории. Я люблю работать с магнитофоном. Если вы хотите избавиться
от ваших ошибок, вы должны больше работать в лаборатории. 15. Я хочу
принять участие в работе этого научного общества. 16. Борис решил
вступить в наше спортивное общество, он увлекается спортом. 17. Хотя в
нашем Университете есть хороший гимнастический зал, мы часто ходим на
стадион. 18. Когда вы вступили в драмкружок? – Несколько дней тому
назад. 19. Наш английский клуб помогает нам лучше овладеть языком. 20. У
моей подруги хороший голос. Она член нашего хорового кружка. 21. На
прошлой неделе я делала доклад по домашнему чтению. Я сделала много
ошибок, и преподаватель поставила мне неудовлетворительную оценку.
XXVIII.
Retell the following jokes, use indirect speech:
1. E n g l i s h p r o f e s s o r : What is the difference between an active verb
and a passive verb?
S t u d e n t : A n active verb shows action and a passive verb shows passion.
2. P r o f e s s o r : Can you tell me anything about the great scientists of the
17th century?
r
194
S t u d e n t : They are all dead, sir.
3. F r i e n d : And what is your son going to be when he's passed his final
exam?
F a t h e r: An old man.
4. Two men were talking in a train.
"Are you going to Milberry's lecture today?" said one. "Oh, yes, I am," replied
the other.
"Take my advice and don'1.1 hear he is a very poor lecturer." "I am afraid, I
must go," said the other. "I'm Milberry."
5. During a lecture a well-known lecturer on economics mentioned the fact
that in some parts of the world the number of men was larger than that of women,
and he added humorously:
"I can therefore recommend the ladies to emigrate to that part of the world."
A young lady who was sitting in one of the last rows stood up ^full of anger.
She was leaving the room rather noisily, when the lecturer remarked.
"I don't mean that it must be done in such a hurry as that."
XXIX. a) Read the following text. Explain the usage of tenses in Lit. b) Render the
text in indirect speech, c) Make up short bits of conversation on the analogy of those
given below;
The Brown Family at Breakfast
Parti
A r t h u r : Has the post come yet, Robert? R o b e r t : Yes. There were only
two letters, one for you and mother, and one for me.
E i l e e n : Nothing for me?
R: Of course not.
E: Why *of course not*?
R: Well, you never write to anyone. You've never written a letter in your life.
E: I have. R: You haven't.
J a n e : Now you two, stop arguing and get on with your _ breakfast.
Partll
A: Who was our letter from, Jane? J: Edith. Here
it is.
A: Have you read it? J: Yes.
A: Weil just tell me what she says. J: Don't
you want to read it?
A: I've left my glasses upstairs. Have they moved yet? J: Yes. They moved last
Tuesday. A: How do they like the new house? J: They love it. A: Good.
J; They've bought one or two new pieces of furniture.
A: Have they got rid of that awful old sofa?
J: Yes. And they've bought some new chairs for the kitchen,
195
Part III
A: Have they started on the garden?
J: Oh, yes. They started on that weeks ago, I suppose. They've done the front
garden. They haven't touched the back at all.
A: Well, at least they've made a start.
J: They've been very lucky with their neighbours.
A: In what way have they been-lucky?
J: Well, they were very kind on'the day Anne moved.
A: What-did they do?
J: Sarah (that's the wife's name) looked after the two boys the whole day. .
A: How nice of her! ;
J: And Tom (that's the husband) helped Peter to lay the carpets. 4
A: Hm, hm.
J: He's even offered to help Peter with the garden.
XXX.
Listen to the text carefully. Pick out words and word combinations
pertaining to the topic «Your Studies». Get ready to ask your fellow-students questions
on the text. Retell the text.
XXXI.
a) Watch Film Segment Three «Buying a Textbooks» for general content, b)
Watch the film segment again to find English equivalents to the following:
не слишком ли (много)?; разговорный английский; недостатки;
заниматься; изучать лингвистику; веский довод; твердый переплет; бумажная
обложка.
с) Answer your teacher's questions on the content of the film segment, d) Listen to
the sound track recording of Segment Three. Say what happened in the bookshop.
XXXII.
a) Make up a dialogue on the following situation:
You ask your friend what marks she got at the entrance exams and what
subjects she studies at the University. You wonder how often she works in the
laboratory and whether the work helps her to correct her pronunciation. You'd also
like to know if she takes part in the work of the English club and what kind of
work she does there.
b) Suggest a situation for your fellow-stndents to make up a dialogue on it.
XXXIII.
Describe situations illustrating the following proverbs:
1. All is well that ends well.
2. It is never late to learn.
3. Out of sight out of mind.
4. Where there's a will, there's a way.
XXXIV.
Describe the procedure for telephoning.
196
XXXV.
Imagine you are on the phone talking to a friend (asking for information)
about 1) your studies; 2) your social activities.
XXXIV.
Write a letter to a friend (to an English pen-friend, to your former English
teacher) about your studies. Mind the layout of the letter.
LABORATORY WORK
I. a) Repeat the sentences after the tape, b) Make them interrogative
and negative.
II. a) Answer the questions in the intervals, b) Listen to your record and correct the
mistakes if you have any.
III. Translate the words and word combinations into English. Spell and transcribe
them.
II. a) Translate the sentences into English using the given word combinations, b)
Check your translation with the key.
IV. Use the sentences in indirect speech. Make all the necessary changes.
V. Listen to the disjunctive questions. They are not true to fact. Correct them.
Lesson Fifteen
Grammar: The Future Indefinite Tense. The Future Continuous Tense. To be able, to
have in the Future Indefinite Tense. Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition.
Texts: 1. Seasons and Weather. 2. Dialogue: Weather Talk.
STUDY THE FOLLOWING
Tab l e No, 1 THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
T ab l e No. 2 THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
TENSE
I
Weshal (shan't)He (She)
You
Theywill (won't)be meeting the delegation at the
station. (?) be having dinner at 5 o'clock. (?) be sleeping when Mother comes. (?)Shal I
we
Willhe (she)
you
they•
197
I
shall (shan't)
We
He
go to the country go
next Saturday. (?)
(She) You
to the theatre work
tomorrow. (?) on
will (won't)
They My
leave for St.
Sunday. (?) next week.
parents
Petersburg
(?)
Shall
I
we
he (she)
Will
you
•
they
Tab l e No. 3 TO BE ABLE IN THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
I
be able
to do it tomorrow. (?) to translate this
shall (shan't)
We
article tomorrow. (?)
He (She)
to repair the radio-set alone. (?) to
will (won't)
■ You They
practise this text in the laboratory. (?)
I
Shall
we
he (she)
Will
you
they
Tab l e No. 4
TO H A V E + INFINITIVE IN THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
I ^ We
shall (shan't)
He (She)
You
will (won't)
They
to do it tomorrow. (?) to work in the
I
have
garden tomorrow morning. (?) to rewrite
Shall
we
the text. (?) to help them. (?)
he (she)
Will
you
they
198
Tab l e No. 5
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME AND CONDITION
Ishal We(shan't)He(She)Youwillgo to the countryit is hot. (?)They(won't)go for a walkthe
weather iswork in the gardeniffine. (?) Peter comes. (?)play tenniswhen
ShallIhave dinner in theit doesn't rain (it
wegardenrains). (?)the sun shines (?)
he (she)Willyou they
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I. Study Substitution Tables No. 1 5 and compose as many sentences
—
as you can.
II. Change each of these sentences using the Future Continuous:
*
1. At 10 o'clock he was still working at the laboratory. 2. My friend was
preparing for her written test when I came. 3. Were you waiting for me at the
station at 8 o'clock in the morning? 4. Was his friend giving a lesson at 5 o'clock?
5. My nephew was repairing our vacuum-cleaner at 7. 6. My uncle was listening
to the news when I went to bed. 7. My aunt was knitting the whole morning. >
III.
Write questions to the parts of the sentences in bold type:
1. He will begin his lectures next month. 2. My brother will go to India for
six months. 3. My sister will go to the South because of her child's illness. 4. It
will take me 20 minutes to get to her house. 5. I shall be waiting for you at the
station. 6. It will take two years to build this theatre. 7. It was snowing hard
when I got up this morning. 8. I shall be able to translate this
article next week. 9. He will see her at 9 o'clock tomorrow. 10. I shall get up
tomorrow at 6 o'clock. 11. He will stay in the country for two months. 12. I shall
be able to go to the canteen after the lesson. 13. I shall have to repair my aunt's
iron tomorrow. 14. I shall be having dinner soon.
IV. Use the correct form of the verb in the adverbial clauses of time and condition:
199
1. If you (to translate) this article into Russian, I shall use it in my report. 2. If
she (to be) in Moscow now, she will meet you. 3. If you don't (to hurry), you will
miss the train. 4. If it (to rain), we shan't go to the country. 5. When my friend (to
come) to Moscow we shall go to the Bolshoi Theatre. 6. What will you be doing
when he (to come) to your place? 7. Don't forget to pay for your dinner before you
(to leave) the canteen. 8. I shall be able to translate this article if you (to give) me
a dictionary. 9. You will have to work hard at the laboratory if you (to miss) the
lesson. 10. Where will you go when you (to come) to Moscow? 11. You will lay
the table as sdon as Mary (to wash) the dishes. 12. I shan't have dinner before
mother (to come) home.
V. Use the following sentences in indirect speech. Make other necessary changes:
1. He says: "I am sure she will come in time." 2. She says: "I shall be able to
read English newspapers without a dictionary in a year." 3. They say: "We shan't
go to the Institute on Sunday." 4. Mr. Sandford says: "I shall have to pay much
money for the house." 5. Peter says: "I'll be waiting for you at the station." 6.
Mary says: "I'll be back soon." 7. She says: "What are you going to do when you
come home?" 8. She says: "I hope I'll soon speak English as well as you do." 9.
He says: "I am sure it will rain tomorrow." 10. They say: "We'll go for a walk if it
is hot tomorrow." 11. She says: "I am busy today but I'll be much busier
tomorrow." 12. Jane says: "I shall come earlier tomorrow." 13. John says: "I shan't
be able to meet them tomorrow." 14. He says: "I'll come if I am free." 15. She
says: "I'll go to the cinema in the evening if I am not very tired." 16. My mother
says: "You'll be sleepy tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once." 17. My aunt says:
"I shan't be thirsty if I have some grapes." 18. My mother says: "Don't serve
dessert before I clear the table."
VI. Change the following sentences using the Past and Future Indefinite:
1. You must practise this text in the laboratory. 2. You must take your exam in
English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. They can't meet
them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine this child. 6. He must work
systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more
time out in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this
work. 10. He can't join the party, he is busy.
TEXT 1 SEASONS AND WEATHER
When two Englishmen meet, their first words will he "How do you do?" or
"How are you?" And after the reply "Very well, thank you: how are you?" the next
remark is almost certain to be about the weather. "It's a lovely morning, isn't it?"
or "Isn't it hot today?" and the other person will reply "Yesr it's wonderful weather
we are having. I hope it will keep fine, it seems almost too good to last."
200
Or perhaps the day is dull, it is raining a little, the sky is grey, and everyone is
wearing a mackintosh or carrying an umbrella. As the cars and buses go along the
street, they splash the water and mud on the passer§-by.
Gradually it gets darker: a thick fog is spreading over London. The lamps are
lit in the streets and in the shops and offices; cars and buses put on their lights and
can only crawl along. As one friend bumps into another, he says, "Isn't it a beastly
day?" – "Yes," replies the other, you can hardly see a yard in front of you."
Then comes winter. There has been a good fall of snow and a hard frost. It is
just the day for a good country walk; let us have a tramp down the country lanes.
The ground is like iron and rings under our feet, the frost sparkles on the branches,
and icicles hang from the houses.
It is still freezing hard and the ponds are frozen over. There are crowds of
people on them sliding and skating, and here is a merry group of schoolboys
having a fight with snowballs. It is very pleasant while the frost lasts; the
unpleasant time comes when the thaw begins. t
A few months have passed and it is a beautiful spring day. The rain fell
heavily last night, but now the soft white clouds are floating across the blue sky,
and the sun is shining brightly. Raindrops and dewdrops shine on every small
green leaf and every blade of young grass.
The farmer has ploughed his fields and the new corn is just beginning to
appear above the ground. In a few months autumn and harvest time will come.
When the corn has turned ripe and golden the farmer will reap it and put it in his
barn.
(Abridged from "Modem English Course for Foreign Students" by Eckerseley)
T E X T 2 DIALOGUE WEATHER TALK
L e o n : Lovely day today isn't it?
G e o r g e : It is. There's hardly a cloud in the sky in fact. L e o n : We'll have
a heat wave, I fear. It must be 25 degrees in the shade.
G e о r g e: It is very close today. Not a leaf is stirring. L e o n : There's hardly
a breath of air.
G e o r g e : By the way, I've just read the weather-forecast in
my newspaper here.
L e o n : What does it say?
G e o r g e : (reading) "Pressure will remain high to the southwest of the
British Isles. There will be occasional rain or drizzle, but bright weather with a
few scattered showers will spread to England and Wales."
L e о n: I fear a thunderstorm is coming.
G e o r g e : The sky is overcast and the sun is going in.
L e o n : It looks like rain. Actually it's beginning to rain. And 1 have left my
umbrella at home. It never rains but it pours!
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G e o r g e : Fortunately enough, I've got my folding umbrella ^vith me. Let
me put it up.
; L e o n : What a tremendous clap of thunder!
G e o r g e : And what a flash of lightning!
L e o n : But the English have a saying about the weather: If |you don't like it
now, just wait a bit.
G e o r g e : Look! It's clearing up. The clouds are lifting. L e o n : It has
stopped raining. Look at this wonderful rainbow!
G e o r g e : Bright sunshine again. Now I know why English weather is
something worth talking about.
(After "English by Radio")
VOCABULARY NOTES
keep (kept, kept) vt/i держаться; оставаться (в известном состоянии); to
keep fine, е. д. The weather kept fine, dull adj пасмурный; Ant. bright
splash vt забрызгивать, брызгатъ(ся), е. д. The driver splashed mud on the
passers-by.
fog n туман; a thick fog густой туман; foggy adj туманный, e. g. It is foggy.
spread (spread, spread) vt/i простираться, расстилаться, е. д. A green valley
spread before us; to spread over smth., e. g. The water spread over the floor.
light (up) (lit, lit/lighted) vt/i зажигать(ся), освещать, е. д. The lamps are lit
in the streets. Our houses are lighted by the electricity.
beastly adj ужасный, противный; Syn, nasty; beast л зверь, животное; Сотр.
animal
hardly adv с трудом, едва, е. д. I could hardly understand her.
hard adv сильно; Syn. heavily, e. g. It is raining hard (heavily), hard adj
сильный, as a hard frost
frost л мороз; frosty adj морозный; freeze (froze, frozen) vt замерзать,
покрываться льдом; е. д. It's freezing hard.
sparkle vi сверкать; Syn. shine
icicle n сосулька
slide (slidr slid) vi/t скользить; кататься no льду thaw n
оттепель
float vi/1 плыть (по течению, по воздуху), e. g. A lot of red and green balloons
floated in the air.
harvest n жатва, уборка хлеба; урожай
degree л градус, е. д. We had 25 degrees above (below) zero yesterday.
close adj душный, e. g. Open the window. It's very close here Syn. stuffy
breath л дыхание; зд. дуновение, е. g. At last we felt a breath of fresh air;
breathe vt/i дышать, e. g. The child was breathing hard, weather-forecast л
прогноз погоды
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remain vi оставаться, е. д. In England the fields and the parks remain green
even in winter; Syn. stay
drizzle л мелкий дождь, изморось; drizzle vi, е. д. It's drizzling,
thunderstorm л гроза; thunder л гром; a clap of thunder удар
грома
overcast adj покрытый облаками; хмурый (о небе)
pour vt/i лить, литься; наливать, е. д. It's pouring, Льет дождь.
Pour yourself a cup of milk.
fortunately adv к счастью; Ant. unfortunately tremendous adj страшный,
громадный; Syn. awful, terrible lightning л молния, е. д. A flash of lightning lit
up the sky. worth predic. adj заслуживающий, стоящий; to be worth doing
smth., e. g. It's not worth thinking about.
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
season, to shine brightly; to be out-of-doors; to be in blossom (to be in bloom);
flower-bed; to cycle; to boat; to fish; to go cycling (boating, fishing); to bathe, to
swim; to lie in the sun; to play with a ball; to play tennis (football); to play a game
of chess (tennis); to pick flowers, to pick (gather) berries and mushrooms; to
travel by car; at the seaside; on the beach; on the bank of the
river
' ifiWviS
to blow; to go skating; skating-rink; to toboggan; fraifes of
snow; sleet; sledge; slush; to get wet through; melt
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES
Weather remarks: What a marvellous (shocking) day! It seems to be getting
more settled (clearing up), doesn't it? It's very windy (mild, wet, stormy) today. I'll
be glad when the rain's over (the fog's cleared), won't you? It's nice (cold, warm,
chilly, hot), isn't it?
Hesitation devices: um, er, well, actually, in fact, you see, you know, the
thing is, it's like this, how shall I put it, thee (lengthening of the), ayyy
(lengthening of a), tooo (lengthening of to), I think..., I believe I suppose.
Memory Work:
When the weather is wet We must not fret, —
When the weather is cold We must not scold.
When the weather is warm We must not storm, —
But be thankful together Whatever the weather.
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EXERCISES
I. a) The material below is to be prepared for reading. Mark the stresses and tunes.
Concentrate your attention on sounds, b) Let your fellow-student read the sentences for
you to detect his errors in sounds and tell him what must be done to eliminate them:
[e] 1. Get ten eggs ready for breakfast.
2. Every day in every way.
The weather is getting better and better.
3. East or West home is best.
4. All is well that ends well.
5. Better late than never.
6. Health is above wealth.
II. Before you start working at the texts practise the sounds in the following word
combinations from the texts:
A.
1. [rj] raining a little, wearing a mackintosh, carrying an
umbrella, spreading over London, floating across the sky, having a flight;
2. [ 3 :J their first words, almost certain, the other person,
turned ripe;
3. [зи – э: – D] almost, can only crawl along, the ponds
are frozen over, a fight with snowballs.
B.1. Alveolars replaced by dentals: read the weather-fore-
cast, and the sun, but the English, about the weather, look at this.
2. Nasal plosion: it must be, it never, let me, like it now.
3. Loss of plosion: must be, what does it, but bright, spread to, it pours.
III. 1. a) Listen to the recording of the text "Seasons and Weather**.
Mark the stresses and tunes, b) Practise the text for test reading. Listen
to it carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way.
2. a) Listen to the dialogue. Mark the stresses and tunes, b) Practise the dialogue for
test reading. Listen to it very carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c)
Memorize and dramatize it.
IV.
Copy out of Text 1 all the words with digraphs ai, ei, ее, oo,
ow and transcribe them.
V. Give the four forms of the following verbs:
come, blow, drive, fall, prefer, freeze, ski, put, sweep, hang, show, sew, awake,
sleep, build, stop, sit, read, write, play, leave, begin, become.
VI.
Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and transcribe them:
