Текст книги "Lawrence: The Uncrowned King of Arabia"
Автор книги: Michael Asher
Жанры:
Биографии и мемуары
,сообщить о нарушении
Текущая страница: 31 (всего у книги 32 страниц)
7. Friends,p. 87.
8. Joyce, BBC interview, 14 June 1941 and 30 April 1939, in MS. Res., 55/2.
9. British Library, Add. Mss. 45915.
10. Mack, Prince,p. 239.
11. SPW,1935, p. 193.
12. ibid., p. 198.
13. Mousa, T. E. Lawrence: An Arab View,p. 56.
14. Lawrence to Joyce, PRO FO, 686/6.
15. British Library, Add. Mss., 45983a.
16. SPW,1935, p. 216.
17. PRO FO, 686/6, 24 April 1917.
18. ibid.
19. PRO FO, 686/6, 150.
15. It is Not Known What are the Present Whereabouts of Captain Lawrence
1. Auda was a great tale-teller, and the stories of his eating the hearts of his victims, as well as the toll of his killings, could well be exaggerated. J. N. Lockman has suggested that Auda’s tendency to elaborate might well have influenced Lawrence – in particular, Auda was so certain of his own fame that he would even tell stories against himself – perhaps giving Lawrence a precedent for the Dara’a fantasy – if fantasy it was (see J. N. L. Lockman, Scattered Tracks,p. 133). It is, however, by no means impossible that Auda had killed seventy-five men: even at the end of the twentieth century there exist men such as the Sardinian bandit Francesco Messina, who was convicted of killing fifty men in a family blood-feud.
2. Murray–Robertson correspondence, British Library.
3. Vickery to Clayton, PRO FO, 686/6 47.
4. Clayton to Vickery, PRO FO, 686/6 46.
5. Clayton, PRO FO, 882/6.
6. Lawrence’s ‘shopping list’ for the Aqaba mission, handwritten in his skeleton diary, includes a Lewis gun, but this is not referred to at all in his reports and dispatches.
7. Wilson to Clayton, PRO FO, 882, 351.
8. British Library, Add. Mss., 45983a (Skeleton Diaries).
9. ibid.
10. British Library, Add. Mss., 45915 (War Diary).
11. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence,p. 95.
12. SPW,1935, p. 28.
13. British Library, Add. Mss., 45915 (War Diary).
14. SPW,Oxford text, 1926, p. 45.
15. SPW,1935, p. 382. J. N. Lockman has claimed that this ‘Shimt’ is actually Gasim Abu Dumayk, the volatile Sheikh of the Dumaniyya Howaytat. This seems unlikely, for though the Dumaniyya fought at Aba 1-Lissan, they were not at Mudowwara: Lawrence clearly states that he had banned them from accompanying this raid.
16. British Library, Add. Mss. 45983a (Skeleton Diaries).
17. British Library, Add. Mss. 45915 (War Diary).
18. Lowell Thomas, MS. Res., 55/2.
19. Lyn Cowan, Masochism: A Jungian View,Texas, 1982, p. 124.
20. British Library, Add. Mss., 45915 (War Diary).
21. SPW,Oxford text, 1926.
22. Wilson, Authorised,p. 410.
23. British Library, Add. Mss. 45915 (War Diary).
24. SPW,1935, p. 284.
25. Mousa, T. E. Lawrence: An Arab View,p. 175.
26. RG,pp. 88–90.
27. Brown Letters,p. 408.
28. ibid., p. 274.
29. British Library, Add. Mss, 45915 (War Diary).
30. SPW,1935, p. 325.
31. Lawrence does not mention Slieve Foyin the 1935 text. He told Liddell Hart that the ship had actually been put in place to support the Arab attack on Aqaba: this does not square with the idea that the mission was unauthorized.
16. An Amateurish, Buffalo-Billy Sort of Performance
1. Lawrence, ‘Evolution of a Revolt’, p. 45.
2. W. F. Stirling, ‘Tales of Lawrence of Arabia’, Cornhill Magazine,74 (1933), pp. 494ff.
3. SPW,1935, p. 324.
4. ibid.
5. Lawrence, Secret Dispatches.
6. Garnett Letters,p. 228.
7. After writing this, I discovered that both Richard Aldington and J. N. Lockman had discovered the discrepancy. All credit must go to both of them for coming across this fact before myself.
8. SPW,Oxford text, 1926, p. 262.
9. Clayton to CIGS, PRO FO, 882/6.
10. SPW,1935, p. 330.
11. ibid., p. 582.
12. PRO FO, 882, 12/13.
13. SPW,1935, p. 395.
14. Clayton to Joyce, 18 September 1917, PRO FO, 882/7.
15. ibid.
16. SPW,1935, p. 360.
17. Friends,p. 167.
18. ibid.
19. 13 September 1917, PRO FO, 882/4.
20. SPW,1935, p. 369.
21. PRO FO, 882.
22. Brown Letters,p. 126.
23. Garnett Letters,p. 238.
17. Ahmad ibn Baqr, a Circassian from Qunaytra
1. SPW,1935, p. 253.
2. Philip Graves later asserted that Lawrence could himself perform this act. It is picture which smacks more of red Indians or the heroic world of Malory than of Arabia Deserta.The average camel stands about six feet at the shoulder, and perhaps nine feet at the withers. For a man to ‘leap into the saddle’ one-handed would require something more than the ability of an Olympic high-jump champion. More probably, ‘Ali mounted his camel by stepping on the animal’s neck and swarming on to its withers – a customary way of mounting, yet one so ungainly and vulnerable in its lack of control as to be scarcely worthy of the expression ‘leaping into the saddle’.
3. SPW,1935, p. 397.
4. ibid., p. 415.
5. Garnett Letters,p. 239.
6. SPW,1935, p. 545.
7. ibid.
8. ibid.
9. SPW,1935, p. 454.
10. ibid., p. 456.
11. ibid.
12. Brown Letters,p. 166.
13. Friends,p. 124.
14. SPW,1935, pp. 445–8.
15. Brown Letters,p, 132.
16. Mack, Prince,p. 233.
17. Wilson, Authorised,p. 1084.
18. Friends,p. 124.
19. It is, of course, possible, that both the Artillery and Khalfati incidents were mere figments of Lawrence’s masochistic fantasy also – no independent corroboration exists for either.
20. SPW,Oxford text, p. 38.
21. British Library, Add MSS., 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
22. SPW,1935, p. 581.
23. Cowan, Masochism,p. 248.
24. Brown Letters,p. 299.
25. See Lockman, Scattered Tracks,pp. 139ff.
26. ibid.
27. H. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks – Lawrence of Arabia as Airman and Private Soldier,London, 1977, p. 40.
28. Wilson, Authorised,p. 1084.
29. SPW,Oxford text, 1926, p. 78.
30. Winterton recalled that Lawrence’s bodyguard consisted of about sixty men during the Dara’a operation, but it may be that Lawrence’s own guard was combined with Sharif Nasir’s larger ‘Agayl bodyguard at this point, or that Winterton’s memory was influenced by SPW.In any case, if Lawrence’s bodyguard exceeded the fifteen or so listed in his diary as having been paid, presumably the extra hands worked for him for nothing!
31. Wilson, Authorised,p. 1084.
32. SPW,1935, p. 28.
33. MS. Res., 55/2.
34. Friends,p. 147.
18. The Most Ghastly Material to Build into a Design
1. PRO, 882/4 251.
2. Falls, Cyril, et al., Military Operations in Egypt and Palestine,Vol. 1, 1928, Parts 1 and 2 (Official War History), p. 404.
3. SPW,1935, p. 492.
4. Brown Letters,p. 434.
5. ibid., p. 435.
6. LH,p. 105.
7. ibid.
8. RG, p.97.
9. Brown Letters,p. 434.
10. PRO FO, 882/4.
11. SPW,Oxford text, 1926, p. 99.
12. S. C. Rolls, Steel Chariots in the Desert,London, 1937, p. 221.
13. SPW,1935, p. 535.
14. Brown Letters,p. 260.
15. Rolls, Steel Chariots,p. 230.
16. SPW,1935, p. 499.
19. My Dreams Puffed out Like Candles in the Strong Wind of Success
1. SPW,1935, p. 653.
2. Hubert Young, The Independent Arab,London, 1933, p. 142.
3. ibid., p. 203.
4. SPW,1935, p. 555.
5. Young, The Independent Arab, p.199.
6. ibid.
7. SPW,1935, p. 543.
8. Young, The Independent Arab,p. 211.
9. Knightley and Simpson, Secret Lives,p. 162.
10. Young, The Independent Arab,p. 219.
11. Rolls, Steel Chariots in the Desert,p. 264.
12. ibid., p. 288.
13. SPW,1935, p. 620.
14. Young, The Independent Arab,p. 228.
15. SPW,1935, p. 620.
16. Lord Winterton, ‘Arabian Nights and Days’, Blackwood’s Magazine,207 (1920), p. 754.
17. Lord Winterton, Fifty Tumultuous Years,1955, p. 70.
18. ibid.
19. SPW,1935, p. 653.
20. ibid., p. 654.
21. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence,p. 97.
22. Mack, Prince,p. 239.
23. Peake evidently believed, probably incorrectly, that all these Bedu belonged to Lawrence’s bodyguard. (See ch. 17, n. 30.)
24. ibid.
25. Lord Birdwood, Nuri As Said. A Study in Arab Leadership,London, 1959, p. 199.
26. Kirkbride to Liddell Hart, 8 November 1962 in MS. Res., b. 56.
27. Mack, Prince,p. 239.
28. George Staples, interviewed in the Toronto Telegraph,31 January 1963. Staples’s testimony has been challenged. Lawrence himself says that he rode in search of Barrow with only his lieutenant Ahmad az-Za’aqi.
29. SPW,1935, p. 657.
30. SPW,1935, p. 660.
31. SPW,1935, p. 662.
32. ibid., p. 666.
33. W. F. Stirling, ‘Tales of Lawrence of Arabia’, pp. 494ff.
34. Brown Letters,p. 275.
35. ibid.
36. SPW,1935, p. 682.
37. ibid., p. 659.
20. Colonel Lawrence Still Goes On; Only I Have Stepped Out of the Way
1. Young, The Independent Arab,p. 142.
2. LH,20 May 1935.
3. Wilson, Authorised,p. 603.
4. Wilson, Authorised,p. 620.
5. RG,p. 36.
6. Brown Letters,p. 332.
7. Wilson, Authorised,p. 630.
8. Friends,p. 245.
9. ibid., p. 199.
10. Brown Letters,p. 223.
11. ibid., p. 219.
12. Orlans, Lawrence of Arabia,p. 26.
13. Brown Letters,p. 172.
14. Friends,p. 208.
15. ibid., p. 214.
16. ibid.
17. ibid.
18. Aldington, Lawrence of Arabia.
19. SPW,1935, p. 580.
20. Cowan, Masochism,p. 124.
21. RG,p. 20.
22. Mack, Prince,p. 525.
23. Friends,p. 197.
24. SPW,1935, p. 276.
25. Antonius, The Arab Awakening,p. 319.
21. In Speed We Hurl Ourselves Beyond the Body
1. J. N. Lockman reports having read Lawrence’s RAF medical record, and though this was not available for publication concludes that the evidence suggests his scars were voluntarily acquired after the war. Lockman discounts Johns’s later testimony to the Sunday Times,1968. See Lockman, Scattered Tracks,pp. 139ff.
2. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks,p. 52.
3. RG,p. 97.
4. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks,p. 48.
5. Garnett Letters,p. 379.
6. British Library, Add. Mss. 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
7. Brown Letters,p. 221.
8. Garnett Letters,p. 379.
9. Friends,p. 379.
10. Brown Letters,p. 210.
11. ibid., p. 216.
12. ibid., p. 215.
13. Wilson, Authorised,p. 687.
14. Garnett Letters,p. 375.
15. Brown Letters,p. 209.
16. Montgomery-Hyde, Solitary in the Ranks,p. 48.
17. John Bruce, sworn testimony, Knightley and Simpson Papers, Imperial War Museum, p. 17.
18. ibid.
19. Wilson, Authorised,p. 704.
20. Bruce, sworn testimony, p. 17.
21. Knighdey and Simpson, Secret Lives,p. 193.
22. ibid., p. 194.
23. Mack, Prince,p. 525.
24. John Bruce, sworn testimony, p. 74.
25. Mack, Prince,p. 525.
26. Bruce, sworn testimony.
27. Brown Letters,p. 488.
28. ibid., p. 462.
29. ibid., p. 468.
30. Wilson, Authorised,p. 928.
31. Brown Letters,p. 408.
32. ibid., p. 486.
33. Brown Letters,p. 526.
34. ibid., p. 537.
35. ibid., p. 486.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archives
The Bodleian Library, Oxford: Reserve Manuscript Collection (embargoed material on T. E. Lawrence).
The National Library of Scotland, Manuscripts Collection: Various files, rare books and manuscripts.
The Public Record Office, Kew: Foreign Office and War Office Files; Arab Bureau Files; Intelligence Files.
The British Library Additional Manuscripts Collection: Robertson–McMahon Correspondence; T. E. Lawrence – Letters to Charlotte Shaw; T. E. Lawrence – War Diaries and Pocket Diaries.
King’s College, University of London, Basil Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives: Joyce Pierce Akaba Papers.
Imperial War Museum, London: Knightley and Simpson Papers.
Books and Journals
Abdallah, King of Jordan, Memoirs,ed. Philip Graves, London, 1950.
Admiralty War Staff – Intelligence Division, A Handbook of Arabia,Vol. 1, London, 1916.
Aldington, Richard, Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Enquiry,London, 1955.
Andrews, P., and Brunner, E., The Life of Lord of Nuffield,London, 1955.
Antonius, George, The Arab Awakening,London, 1938.
Baker, Randall, King Hussain and the Kingdom of the Hejaz,Cambridge, 1979.
Barbor, Patricia, Desert Treks from Jeddah,London, 1996.
Barker, A. J., The Neglected War: Mesopotamia 1915– 1916,London, 1967.
Bedarida, Franзois, A Social History of England 1851– 1975,London, 1979.
Bell, Lady (ed.), The Letters of Gertrude Bell,2 vols., London, 1927.
Ben Yusuf, Ofer, and Khazanov, Anatoly, Pastoralism in the Levant,1992.
Berne, Eric, Games People Play – The Psychology of Human Relationships,New York, 1964.
Betjeman, John, and Vaisey, D., Victorian and Edwardian Oxford,Oxford, 1971.
Birdwood, Lord, Nuri As Said. A Study in Arab Leadership,London, 1959.
Blackmore, Charles, In the Footsteps of Lawrence of Arabia,London, 1986.
Blunt, Lady Anne, Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates, 2vols., London, 1879.
Bray, N. N. E., Shifting Sands,London, 1934.
Brill, E. J., Mecca and the Tribes of Arabia – Some Notes on Their Relationsin Society and Religion from jahiliyya to Islam,ed. M. J. Kister, London, 1990.
Brown, Malcolm, A Touch of Genius – the Life of T. E. Lawrence,Oxford, 1988.
Bullock, David L., Allenby’s War – The Palestinian-Arabian Campaign 1916– 18,London, 1987.
Burbidge, W. F., The Mysterious AC2 – A Biographical Sketch of Lawrence of Arabia,London, 1943.
Burckhardt, J. L., Notes on the Bedouins and Wahhabys, 2vols, London, 1830.
Candler, E., ‘Lawrence in the Hedjaz’, Blackwood’s,243 (December 1925).
Charmley, John, Lord Lloyd and the Decline of the British Empire,London, 1987.
Clayton, Gilbert, An Arabian Diary,London, 1969.
Cowan, Lyn, New Ways in Psychoanalysis,New York, 1966.
Cowan, Lyn, Masochism – A Jungian View,Texas, 1982.
Dejmal, A., Memories of a Turkish Statesman 1915–1919,London, 1922.
Donner, Fred McGraw, The Early Islamic Conquests,Princeton, 1981.
Doughty, Charles M., Travels in Arabia Deserta, 2vols., Cambridge, 1888.
Ellis, Havelock, Psychology of Sex,New York, 1933.
Eph’al, Israel, The Ancient Arabs – Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent 9th– 5th Centuries BC,London, 1982.
Facey, William, and Grant, Gillian, Saudi-Arabia – The First Photographers,London, 1996.
Falls, Cyril, et al., Military Operations in Egypt and Palestine,Vol. 1, 1928, Parts 1 and 2 (Official War History).
Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality,London, 1975.
Glen, Douglas, In the Steps of T. E. Lawrence,London, 1934.
Glubb, John Bagot, The Great Arab Conquests,London, 1963.
Graves, Robert, Lawrence and the Arabs,London, 1927.
Graves, Robert, T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves,London, 1938.
Gurney, O. R., The Hittites,London, 1972.
Herbert A., Mons, Anzac and Kut,London, 1919.
Hitti, Philip, A History of the Arabs,New York, 1937.
Hogarth, David G., ‘War and Discovery in Arabia’, Geographical Journal,March 1920.
James, Lawrence, Imperial Warrior – Life and Times of Sir Edmund Allenby,London, 1993
James, Lawrence, The Golden Warrior – The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia,revised edn, London, 1995.
Jarvis, C. S., Yesterday and Today in Sinai,London, 1941.
Kedourie, Elie, In the Anglo-Arabian Labyrinth – the McMahon– Husayn Correspondence and Its Interpretations 1914–1939,Cambridge, 1976.
Kirkbride, Alec, A Crackle of Thorns,London, 1956.
Kirkbride, Alec, An Awakening,London, 1971.
Knightley, Philip, and Simpson, Colin, The Secret Lives of Lawrence of Arabia,London, 1969.
Knowles, Pat, A Handful with Quietness,London, 1992.
Kressenstein, K. von, ‘The Campaign in Palestine from the Enemy Side’, Journal of the Royal Society Institute,Vol. 67, 1922.
Lancaster, William, The Rwala Bedouin Today,Cambridge, 1981.
Lawrence, A. W. (ed.), T. E. Lawrence by His Friends,London, 1938.
Lawrence, T. E., The Seven Pillars of Wisdom,Oxford text (limited edition), London, 1926.
Lawrence, T. E., The Seven Pillars of Wisdom,London, 1935.
Lawrence, T. E., Crusader Castles,London, 1936.
Lawrence, T. E., The Mint,London, 1936.
Lawrence, T. E., The Letters of T. E. Lawrence,ed. Edward Garnett, London, 1938.
Lawrence, T. E., et al., The Home Letters of T. E. Lawrence and his Brothers,ed. M. R. Lawrence, Oxford, 1954.
Lawrence, T. E., Fifty Letters 1920–1935,Texas, 1962.
Lawrence, T. E., Letters to E. T. Leeds,ed. Jeremy Wilson, London, 1988.
Lawrence, T. E., The Letters of T. E. Lawrence,ed. Malcolm Brown, Oxford, 1991.
Lawrence, T. E., Secret Despatches from Arabia,ed. Malcolm Brown, London, 1991.
Lawrence, T. E., and Woolley, L., The Wilderness of Zinn,London, 1915.
Layard, Austin, Nineveh and Its Remains,London, 1848–9.
Layard, Austin, The Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon,London, 1853.
Lewis, Norman N., Nomads and Settlers in Syria and Jordan 1800–1980,Cambridge, 1987.
Lewis, R., Everyday Life in Ottoman Turkey,London, 1971.
Liddell Hart, Basil, T. E. Lawrence: in Arabia and After,London, 1934.
Liddell Hart, Basil, T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Liddell Hart,London, 1938.
Lockman, J. N., Scattered Tracks on the Lawrence Trail –12 Essays on T. E. Lawrence,Michigan, 1996.
Lonnroth, Eric, Lawrence of Arabia, An Historical Appreciation,London, 1956.
Lowe, Gordon R., The Growth of Personality,London, 1972.
Mack, John, A Prince of Our Disorder – The Life of T. E. Lawrence,London, 1976.
Marriot, Paul, The Young Lawrence of Arabia 1888–1910,Oxford, 1977.
Marriot, Paul, and Argent, Yvonne, The Last Days of T. E. Lawrence,London, 1996
Mauger, Thierry, The Bedouins of Arabia,London, 1988.
McCarthy, Fiona, William Morris – A Life for Our Times,London, 1991.
Meeker, Michael, Literature and Violence in North Arabia,Cambridge, 1979.
Meinerzhagen, Richard, Middle East Diary 1917–1956,London, 1959.
Meyers, Jeffrey, ‘T. E. Lawrence and Seven Pillars of Wisdom’in Homosexuality in Literature 1890–1930,New York, 1987.
Meyers, Jeffrey, The Wounded Spirit – T. E. Lawrence’s Seven Pillars of Wisdom,New York, 1989.
Meyers, Jeffrey (ed.), T. E. Lawrence: Soldier, Writer, Legend,London, 1989.
Miller, James, The Passion of Michel Foucault,New York, 1993.
Montgomery-Hyde, H., Solitary in the Ranks – Lawrence of Arabia as Airman and Private Soldier,London, 1977.
Morris, James, The Hashemite Kings,London, 1959.
Morris, James, Farewell The Trumpets – An Imperial Retreat,London, 1978.
Morris, Jan, Oxford,London, 1965; Oxford 1978.
Mousa, Suleiman, T. E. Lawrence – An Arab View,trans. Albert Butros, London, 1966.
Musil, Alois, The North of Hegaz – A Preliminary Report of the Exploring Expedition of 1910,PRO FO 882/1–3, 1916.
Musil, Alois, The Northern Hegaz,New York, 1926.
Musil, Alois, The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins,New York, 1928.
Neville, R. G., and Sloggett, T., Oxford as it Was,Oxford, 1979.
Nicolle, D., Lawrence and the Arab Revolts – Warfare and Soldiers of the Middle East, 1914– 18,London, 1989.
O’Brien, Philip, T. E. Lawrence: a Bibliography,London, 1988.
Ocampo, Victoria, 338171 ‘T. E.’,ed. D. Garnett, London, 1963.
Orlans, Harold (ed.), Lawrence of Arabia, Strange Man of Letters – the Literary Criticism and Correspondence of T.E. Lawrence,London, 1993.
Park, James, Sons, Mothers and Other Lovers,London, 1995.
Payne, Robert, Lawrence of Arabia: a Triumph,London, 1966.
Pearson, E., Awakening the Hero Within,New York, 1991.
Pratten, Dr John, Social Stratification in Edwardian England,London, 1985.
Randell, John, Sexual Variations,London, 1973.
Reik, Theodor, Of Love and Lust: A Study of Human Sexual Emotions,London, 1954.
Reynolds, J. J., Canon Christopher of St. Aldates,London, 1967.
Richards, Vyvyan, Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, The Lawrence of the Seven Pillars of Wisdom,London, 1936.
Rolls, S. C., Steel Chariots in the Desert,London, 1937.
Sachar, H., The Emergence of the Middle East 1914–1924,New York, 1969.
Said, Edward, Orientalism,London, 1978.
Schild, Marten, Lawrence and Arabia and T. E. Lawrence: Essays on the Private Life of an Immaculate Hero and His Imperfect Shadow(draft MS, unpublished).
Seymour-Smith, Martin, Robert Graves,London, 1982.
Sherwood, John, No Golden Journey – A Biography of James Elroy Flecker,1973.
Stewart, Desmond, T. E. Lawrence,London, 1977.
Stirling, W. F., ‘Tales of Lawrence of Arabia’, Cornhill Magazine,74 (1933).
Stirling, W. F., Safety Last,London, 1953.
Storr, Anthony, Sexual Deviations,London, 1973.
Storrs, Ronald, Orientations,London, 1944.
Sugarman, Sidney, A Garland of Legends: Lawrence of Arabia and the Arab Revolt,Worcester, 1992.
Sweet, Louise E., ‘Camel Raiding of the North Arabian Bedouin: a Mechanism of Ecological Adaptation’, American Anthropologist,67 (1965).
Sydney Smith, Clare, The Golden Reign – The Story of My Friendship with Lawrence of Arabia,London, 1940.
Tabachnick, S. E., and Matheson, R., Images of Lawrence,1988.
Thesiger, Wilfred, Arabian Sands,London, 1959.
Thomas, Edward, Oxford,1903.
Thomas, Lowell, With Lawrence in Arabia,London, 1924.
Turner, Adam, The Making of David Lean’s Lawrence of Arabia,London, 1994.
Weintraub, Stanley, Private Shaw and Public Shaw – A Dual Portrait of Lawrence of Arabia and GBS,London, 1963.
Weintraub, Stanley and Rodelle (eds.), Evolution of a Revolt: Early Postwar Writings of T. E. Lawrence,Pennsylvania, 1968.
Williamson, Henry, Genius of Friendship ‘T. E. Lawrence’,London, 1936.
Wilson, Colin, The Outsider,London, 1956.
Wilson, Jeremy, T. E. Lawrence – Lawrence of Arabia. National Portrait Gallery Catalogue of the T. E. Lawrence Exhibition,1988.
Wilson, Jeremy, Lawrence of Arabia. The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence,London, 1989.
Winstone, H. R. V., The Illicit Adventure,1987.
Winterton, Lord, Fifty Tumultuous Years,London, 1955.
Winterton, Lord, ‘Arabian Nights and Days’, Blackwood’s Magazine,207 (May 1920).
Woolley, C. Leonard, Dead Towns and Living Men, being Pages from an Antiquary’s Notebook,London, 1932.
Yardley, Michael, Backing into the Limelight,London, 1985.
Young, Hubert, The Independent Arabs,London, 1933.
INDEX
Proper names are indexed alphabetically according to the commonly used element in the names, and where they are prefixed with ad, adh, al, an, ar, as, ash, bin,or ibnthese words remain as prefixes but are ignored for purposes of alphabetization. Thus ibn Hamzais indexed under H.
Names beginning with Abuand Ummare indexed under A and U respectively.
Sub-entries are arranged in page order so that they reflect, on the whole, the historical sequence of events.
Aba an-Na’am, 204–6
bridge blown at, 218
Aba l-Lissan, 318
battle of, 252
Abbasids, 53
‘Abdallah, Sharif, 123, 344
and Hejaz railway, 125–6
offer of armed revolt, 127
at Ta’if, 161
at jeddah, 168–70
support withdrawn from, 169
and march on Wejh, 198
absence at Wejh, 202–3
at Medina, 217
Abu Bakr, 53
Abu Dumayk, Sheikh Gasim, 249, 250, 265, 276
Abu Fitna, ‘Ali, 240
Abu Markha, 225
Abu Sawana, water-pool at, 279
Abu Tayyi, Auda, 226–8, 299–300, 338
and attack on Aqaba, 229
and attack on ad-Dizad, 234–5
and search for Gasim, 237
defection to Turks, 262
Abu Tayyi, Za’al, 239, 248–9, 266
Abu Zeraybat, water-pool at, 211
‘Agayl, 155
and march on Wejh, 198
and attack on Aqaba, 230
Agha, Busrawi, 105, 121
Agha, Hassan, 94, 99, 100
al-‘Ahd, 137, 141
Ahmad, Bey, 161
‘Ain al-Assad, 321
al-Akle, Miss Fareedah, 66–7, 68, 83, 106, 114
Aldington, Richard, 304, 353
Aleppo, 69, 92
Alexandretta scheme, 134
‘Ali Pasha, Sayyid, 159, 168
‘Ali (‘Da’ud’ in Seven Pillars)
meets Lawrence, 232–4
death of, 308
All Souls College, Oxford, 347
Allenby, General Sir Edmund, 260–61, 293, 307–8, 314, 316
at Ismaeliyya, 276
at Ramtha, 330
enters Damascus, 340
Altounyan, Ernest, 18, 84
al-Amari, Subhi, 304
Anglesey, Lord, 131
Anglo-Indian generals, 146–7
Antonius, George, 142, 349, 357
Aqaba, 118
idea of capturing, 228
plans for assault on, 248
found deserted, 253
personal bodyguard and, 295–7
Aqaba, Gulf of, 116
Arab Bulletin, 149
Arab Nationalists, hanging of, 187
Arab Revolt
horror at thought of, 146–7
outbreak of, 153–66
Arabia Deserta(Doughty), 57
Arabian Peninsula, as unknown, 156
Arabic, as spoken by Lawrence, 106
Arabs
dreams of freeing, 22–3
relationship with, 85
and homosexuality, seehomosexuality
lying and truth and, 320
Ard as-Suwwan, 248
Arfaja, well of, 239
army, Lawrence joins, 367
artillery, at Nakhl Mubarak, 194–5
Asghar, ‘Ali (Messenger X), 126
Ashmolean Museum, 39
Ashraf Bey, 202
Assir, 135
Astor, Nancy, 376
al-‘Atrash, Sultan Hussain, 245, 338
Atwi, 248–9
‘Awazim, 154
al-Ayyubi, Shukri, 338
Azraq
castle of, 281–3
Lawrence in, 289–91
Babylonian-Akkadian cuneiform texts, 80
Badr, 174
Baker, Sir Henry, 208, 347
al-Bakri, Fawzi, 136
al-Bakri, Nasib, 137, 157, 241, 246
and attack on Aqaba, 231
and search for Gasim, 237
in Seven Pillars, 242
and Damascus, 244
Ballard, Mrs, 13, 14, 15
Bani ‘Ali, 163
Bani ‘Atiya, 154
Bani Sa’ad, 162
Bani Salem, 175
Banias castle, 66
Barak, 64–5
Barakat Allah, 135
Barker, Ernest, 41, 70
Barrie, J.M., 354
Barrow, General, 335
Battenburg, Prince Alexander of, 131
al-Baydawi, ‘Abd al-Karim, 191
ibn Baydawi, Dakhilallah, 194
Becke, Major Archibold, 303, 306
Bedu
and Hejaz railway, 124
life of, 153–6
Lawrence first close to, 185
cowardice of, 195
Beeson, Cyril ‘Scroggs’, 18, 28, 29, 35–7, 38–9, 58
Beirut, 61–2
Bell, Charles, 26, 33, 39, 57, 109, 355
Bell, Gertrude, 89, 145, 315
Ben-My-Chree(ship), 160
Bengal Lancers, 337
Betjeman, John, 11
Billi, 154
Bilqis, Queen of Sheba, 153
Bir ibn Hassani, 180
Bir ash-Sheikh, 179
birching, 369–70
Birejik, Governor of, 96–7
Biscuit(boat), 374
Blackwell, Sir Basil, 13
Blumenfeld, R.D., 366
Boanerges(motorbike), 374
bodyguard, personal, 295–7
Bovington Camp, Dorset, 367
Bovington village, 376
Boyle, Captain, 193
Boys’ High School, Oxford, 22
brass-rubbing, 28
bravery, 138–9, 247–8
Bray, Captain N.N.E., 199, 201
Breese, Adjutant ‘Stiffy’, 362
Bremond, Lieutenant-Colonel, 170, 278
Britain
and Hussain, 52–3
and Syria, 109–114
war with Ottomans, 127
British Expeditionary Force, 242
Brodie, Lieutenant Samuel, 310
Brook, Corporal, 264, 269, 270–71
Bruce, John, 17, 19, 33, 291, 367–71
Buchan, John, 132, 351, 372
Burckhardt, Johan Lutwig, 60, 156, 186
Burton, Richard, 57–8, 156, 175
Buxton, 317
Cairo
and Mesopotamia, 128–49
condition in 1914, 129
Lawrence to, 308
conference in, 356–7
Cambyses III, King of Persia, 117
Camel Corps, 311, 312, 316, 317
camel-riding, Lawrence and, 176
Campbell-Thompson, R., 79–86, 145
canoeing, 46
Carchemish, 75–92, 78–90, 93–108
stones removed at, 104–5
Lawrence’s last visit, 120–22
Casement, Sir Roger, 376
castles, study of, 18–19
Catchpole, Corporal Ernest, 376–7
Chaeronea, 26
Chapman, Edith, 7–8
Chapman, Thomas (father), seeLawrence, Thomas
Chartres cathedral, 55–6
Chaundy, Theo, 28, 29, 40, 46
Chauvel, General, 338
Chetwode, General Sir Philip, 367
cholera bacillus, 203
Christianity, at Oxford, 12–13, 55–6
Christopher, Canon A.W.D., 12–13
Church Missionary Society, 13
Churchill, Winston
on Seven Pillars, 350, 356
class, and relationships, 19
Clayton, Lieutenant-Colonel Gilbert, 129, 133, 172, 190, 193, 207, 243, 298
praise of Lawrence, 260, 271
and Operation Hedgehog, 263
Clemenceau, Prime Minister, 345, 346
Clouds Hill, Dorset, 369
Cobbold, Lady Evelyn, 119, 139
Colonial Office, Peace Conference and, 343–58
Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), 50, 51, 105, 106, 126, 135, 136
common-law marriage, 9
Conrad, Joseph, 354
Contzen, 104–5
Cornwallis, Major Kinahan, 171
Cowan, Lyn, 241, 354
lying and truth, 294
Cox, Sir Percy, 145
Crosthwaite, W.H., 131
cruelty, 332
Ctesiphon, 143
CUP, see Committee of Union and Progress
Curzon, Lord, 61, 344
cycling, 35–6, 38
Dahoum (Salim Ahmad), 76, 87–9, 90–92, 101, 107, 113
at Jebayyil with Lawrence, 102–4
at Oxford, 109–11
admiration for Lawrence, 114
death of, 146, 320–21
ibn Dakhil, ‘Abdallah, 207
Damascus
debate over, 242, 244
discussed with Allenby, 261
need for Arabs to take, 330
attack on, 337
entry into, 337–8
Feisal enters, 340
Allenby enters, 340
Damascus Protocol, 137, 141
Dara’a
homosexual rape at, 282–95
Yarmuk operation, 273–98
importance of Feisal at, 319
Trad ash-Sha’alan at, 335
Darb Sultani(road), 165, 173
Dardanelles, 137, 142
‘Da’ud’, see ‘Ali
Dawney, Lieutenant-Colonel Alan, 308, 310–12, 367
on Young as understudy, 315
ibn Dgaythir, and attack on Aqaba, 231
Dhami, 244
adh-Dhaylan, Mohammad, 226, 312
and attack on Aqaba, 231
ad-Din, Sa’ad, 245
Dinar, ‘Ali, 142
ad-Dizad, railway at, 234
Dodd, Francis, 109
Doughty, Charles, 57, 60, 156, 364
Dowson, Ernest, 131
Drubi, Zaki, and attack on Aqaba, 231
Dublin, 8
Duff, General Beauchamp, 143
Dufferin(ship), 166, 194, 261
ibn Dughmi, Durzi, 241
Ede, Jim, 348
Effendi, Ahmad, 73
Egypt, 93–108
excavations in, 94–5
‘elaboration’, 33
seealso lying and truth
Elgar, Sir Edward, 375
empathy, 25–6
Englishness, 88
Enver Pasha, 135
Espiegle(ship), 199
Euryalus(ship), 261
Evangelical Movement, 9, 12
Expedition House, Jarablus, 95–8
naked statue on, 111–12
Ezbekiyya Gardens, Cairo, 128, 129
al-Fa’ir, Sharif ‘Abdallah, 306
Fakhri Pasha, Hamid, 162–3, 189, 191, 215, 301, 305
Falmouth, 33
‘Farraj’, see Othman
al-Faruqi, Mohammad Sharif, 140
al-Fatat, 136–7
father-figure
Trenchard as, 14
Allenby as, 261
fatwa, declared on Allies, 135
Fayzi, Sulayman, 145
Feisal, 136–7, 156–7, 165–6, 187
in battle, 163
first meeting with Lawrence, 181–2
at Nakhl Mubarak, 191–5
attack on Wejh, 197–203
after Wejh, 206–7
as chosen by Lawrence, 207–8
esteem for Lawrence, 225
and capture of Aqaba, 228
at Dara’a, 319, 336
entering Damascus, 340
and Peace Conference, 346
Seven Pillarsin support of, 349
flagellation, 179, 369–70
Flecker, James Elroy, 34
Fletcher, Frank, 376
Fontana, Raff, 93, 121
food-tray, of Auda Abu Tayyi, 275
Forster, E.M., 28, 43, 365
Fox(ship), 160, 199, 200
Fuad Bey, 105
Galilee, 62–3
Gallipoli
mass landing at, 134, 137–8
failure of landings, 141
Garland, Major Herbert, 193
Garnett, Edward, 362, 363, 372
Gasim, missing in al-Houl, 236–9
Gaza-Beersheba line, offensive against, 276
Geographical Department, Military Intelligence, 122–3
George V, King, 343
Germans, at Carchemish, 93, 97, 99–101
Ghadir al-Haj, 250
al-Ghaffar, ‘Abd, 111
Ghalib Pasha, 161
al-Gharm, Sa’ad, 232
Gilman, Captain L.H., 291
Glubb, John Bagot, 357
gold, taken by Zayd, 307
Grand Continental Hotel, Cairo, 128
Graves, Philip, 139
Graves, Robert, 34, 43, 56, 73, 76, 102, 106, 122, 184, 306, 309, 360, 361
and Othman’s death, 309
Green, Leonard, 26–7
Greenmantle(Buchan), 132
Grigori, 81, 111
Gurkhas, 321–2
Guweira, surrender of, 253
Guy, R.A.M., 366
al-Hababeh, Mohammad, 302
Hall, Midge, 29, 41, 46, 75
Hallat Ammar, 269
Hama stone, 60
Hamed, 211–14
al-Hamid II, Sultan ‘Abd, 49, 106
Hammoudi, 86–7, 90–91
at Oxford, 109–11
admiration for Lawrence, 114
Hamra, 175
ibn Hamza, ‘Abdallah, 266
hand-to-hand fighting, 25
Hanum, Adlah, 54
al-Haraydhin, Talal, 283
Harb, 154
at jeddah, 160
Hardinge(ship), 160, 199, 200, 263
Hargreaves, Bertie, 376
al-Harithi, Nasir, 266
al-Harithi, Sharif ‘Ali ibn Hussain, 277–8, 321
Hartington, Lord, 131
Hashemites, Seven Pillars in support of, 348–9
