Текст книги "Практический курс английского языка 3 курс"
Автор книги: Владимир Аракин
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humorous or unemotional?) 4. How does the author achieve the humorous effect in the second part? (Is it the humour of the sit uation
or the humour of words?) 5. Find in the passage sentences containing irony, exaggeration and contrast and comment on them. 6. In
what key is the second part written? 7. What can you say of J.K.Jerome's manner of writing? Summarize your observations.
2. Retell Text One: a) close to the text; b) in indirect speech; c) as if you were Harris or George.
3. Give a summary of Text One.
4. Make up and act out a dialogue between George and Harris cooking the stew.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
1. Study the Vocabulary Notes and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.
2. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the words and word combinations in bold type:
A. 1. Of an evening Barbara would have a good gossip with the neighbour over the garden fence. 2. Gossiping and lying go hand
in hand. ( proverb) 3. "I decided to have her up here, for a time at least, and let the gossips do their worst," said Beatrice. 4.
"Who's talking gossip now?" said cousin Rachel. 5. While playing under her mother's eye, she felt a wind-up toy. 6. It was
becoming stuffy in the compartment of the train. I wound the window down and got my pipe out. 7.1 braided her hair and wound it
round her head. 8. If one only could peel her, as one peels an onion, of pretence and insincerity. 9. I saw him with great clarity,
from the pleased smile to the peel of sunburn on the top of his bald head. 10. Carefully she broke all the twigs from the branch, so
that it became an almost straight stick, and as she walked, she peeled the bark from the wood until it was stripped clean. 1 1 .
Scrape your muddy shoes with this old knife. 12. «Hi!» cried Nick, scraping some snow from the sledge and flinging a snowball
which hit George full in the ear. 13. All the trivial sounds of the room re-echoed maddeningly about him– the scraping of chairs,
the coughing. 14. You've got to scrape up some courage, some daring. 15. The lane was so narrow that a donkey with panniers
could hardly have scrapped its way through. 16. It was so slippery that if he had not steadied me, I should have fallen. 17. The
fog came steadily over us in waves and it was extremely difficult to see where one was on the road. 18. She looked at me again
with that peculiar steady gaze. 19. She heard the steady beat of her heart: «Get up! Go out! Do something!» 20. These eyes, when
he raised them, were extraordinarily steady and inquiring. 21. Tom was charming and unscrupulous. He made a steady income
from his friends and he made friends easily.
B. 1. He felt that he was beginning to clear up the mess into which his life had fallen. 2. I've never seen so much mess and
disorder anywhere. 3. It's true that I had a country walk on Thursday and came home in a dreadful mess. 4. "I saw my father
today. I hoped he'd give me a last chance and haul me out of the mess for the time being," said Ben. 5. The driver cracked
his whip, and the horses raced off. 6. She raised the window a crack and laid the cold towel on Dottie's forehead. 7. A
draught through the cracks in the window-frame stirred the curtains. 8. They had laughed and cracked jokes with John. 9.
Bert studied him for several minutes through the crack in the door and then went out into the yard. 10. The tree cracked
loudly and fell. Everything was still again. 11. The excellent conditions provided for the experiment contributed greatly to
its success. 12. Her honesty contributed to the general regard for her good sense. 13. His melancholy was comparable with
Bracey's, no doubt contributing to their mutual understanding. 14. The bombing succeeded in neither suppressing the fight-
ing spirit nor in deranging the economic life of the country. 15. Evidently his dreamy fancies had not interfered with either
his spirits or his appetite. 16. The child was healthy and high-spirited, and it was impossible to keep her quiet. 17. He filled
the glass with water and sipped at it cautiously: the taste was terrible. 18. Nobody could deny she had taste, though
sometimes a little bizarre. ' > 19.1 can apologize again for my ill taste in what I said. 20. Bill wondered whether he would
ever taste fresh oranges again. 21. If you don't scrape the dust away, everything you eat will taste of it. 22. Some books are to
be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 23. Her fine figure and tasteful clothes always
attracted attention. 24. She sipped at the tea, tasteless, unrefreshing.
3. Paraphrase the following sentences using your active vocabulary:
A.
1. The Browns were glad to drop in of an evening for a cocktail and a chat. 2. He chuckled at the thought of how
successfully they had deceived the people who were fond of spreading rumours in the small colony. 3. Ann made Tom do whatever
she wished him to do. 4. It's time he ended his speech. 5. She hates taking the skin off potatoes. 6. Put the towel round your
shoulders or you'll burn and your skin will come off. 7. The silly boy is always getting into trouble. 8. Clean the soles of your shoes
thoroughly before you go into the cottage. 9. It took the boys much time and effort to collect the money they needed. 10. He is a
young man who is regular in his life and work. He turned out to be an industrious worker. 12. He was not bad-looking and had a
good regular job. 13. The table was shaky, as one of its legs was broken. 14. The rain is pouring constantly down all the time
B.
1. After he had finished packing, the room was in a state of disorder. 2. But for your carelessness you would not have got
into trouble. 3. But even he must have known that he had done the job badly. 4. There is a slight break in the vase. 5. He's fond of
making jokes. 6. Poor as they were the workers were ready to give money to their common cause. 7. He regularly writes poems for
our newspaper. 8. He came to lunch in a particularly jolly mood. 9. He did the job with such energy that he accomplished a shining
success. 10. After supper everyone was in a better mood. 11. When he is ill, he does not touch food for days. 12. The soup has a
flavour of onions. 13. It is impossible to explain why different people like different things. 14. What do you know of his likings or
dislikings? 15. After our quarrel even my favourite dish seemed unsavoury.
4.
Explain or comment on the following sentences:
A. 1. Charles had planned to see Arthur Brown in Hall and on the side pick up such gossip as was going. 2. You meet
other boats there and river gossip is exchanged. 3. He had mentioned that George was attracting some gossip. 4. He gave
people pieces of gossip in the same way that he gave them drinks. 5. Bess was an in curable gossip. 6. Bant marvelled
how gossip travelled. 7. At last the town gossips left her alone. 8. Next day, while he was at his office winding up its last
tattered affairs, I telephoned Mrs. Skelton. 9. Don't you see that she can wind anyone round her little finger? 10.Bits of
the wall peeling, a banister leg was loose. 11. The wallpaper peeled off in long, broad ribbons. 12. Sitting down and
peeling off her gloves, Jane took a mirror out of her bag and looked at herself. 13. It was quite an undertaking to scrape
all the rust off. 14.The lazy boy was lucky to scrape through the exams. 15. John had scraped together enough money
for his first year at college. 16.1 ran the risk of getting into some scrapes. 17. "If you don't take care, your friend will get
you into a serious scrape, some day," said Carrie. 18. My father and I scraped together the change in our pockets and
found enough for breakfast at a diner. 19. Steady! There is a broken step here. 20. He was a steady visitor at their home.
21 He said unsteadily: "I understand, Mrs. Evans." 22. Caroline repeated the ejaculation not in so steady a tone. 23. The
snow was falling steadily out of a tawny sky. 24. He clutched at her to steady himself. 25. He is a steady fighter for
peace. 26. "No," said Mary steadily, "he never comes here." 27. He moved forward unsteadily in the darkness. 28. I'm a
bit of a philanderer, my dear, you need a steadier chap. 29. He's got a character and steady employment, and he's no
fool. 30. "I ain't going," was his steady answer to all her threats and requests. 31. He lost weight steadily.*
B. 1. You've made a mess of the job. I wish you had refused to do it. 2. Why did you leave the table in such an awful
mess? 3. Nothing to do, but sweep up the mess – and such nice eggs. 4. "Now we've got to clear up this mess," he said.
"All I hope is that it doesn't take too long." 5. I thought of the mess he was bound to make of it. 6. This word is a crack-
jaw for foreigners. 7. He is a hard nut to crack. 8. He is fond of cracking jokes, but they are not to my taste. 9. A cracked
bell can never sound well. ( proverb) 10. All is lost that is poured into a cracked dish. 11. His contributions to science are
invaluable. 12. Mr. W'infield listened and soon understood that he was expected to contribute to the conversation. 13.
M.Sholokhov contributed most generously and with great skill to world literature. 14. My own earliest boating
recollection is of five of us contributing three-pence and taking a boat on the lake.
14.This is not the right spirit to begin some new work in. 16. We found him alone, spent and spiritless. 17. His spirits
rose when the door swung open and he saw Saundra on the threshold. 18. Despite all her troubles she too seemed caught
up in the spirit of the occasion. 19. Can you taste any pepper in this soup? 20. I don't know that I ever tasted pumpkin
pie as good as hers. 21. His tastes did not seem to have changed. 22. The house was handsome, he conceded, but it
wasn't to his taste. 23. "Your taste in brandy, Doctor, is much better than your taste in music," said Chris. 24. After that,
having acquired a taste for the water, I did a good deal of rafting.
5.Choose the right word:
peel – scrape
1. New potatoes are nice to the taste, but I hate ... them. 2. I've boiled potatoes in their jackets, will you ... them?
steady – firm
1. The chair was not ... because one of its legs was broken. 2. The oak-tree stood ... in the earth. 3. Mr. Convoy was a ... cus tomer
at the bookshop. 4. His decision was ....
crack – break
1. The cup ..., but the pieces still held together. 2. The ice ... and then ... under his feet. 3. Brittle things ... easily.
taste – flavour
1. The peach has a peculiarly fine .... 2. The fruit looked tempting, but it turned out to have an unpleasant ... . 3. I like the lem-
on ... of the sweets.
6.Give English equivalents for the following phrases:
заниматься сплетнями; заводить часы; сматывать шерсть в клубок; задеть локтем за что-л.; работать без передышки;
внести вклад во что-л.; дух времени; работать с огоньком; быть горьким на вкус; обвести кого-л. вокруг пальца; попасть в
беду; быть замешанным в каком-л. деле; о вкусах не спорят; в хорошем вкусе
7.Translate the following sentences into English:
A. 1. На всякий случай не рассказывайте об этих делах. 2. «По-моему, в нашем доме мало сплетниц, нам повезло», —
сказала Энн. 3. «Никогда бы не подумала, что Джейн будет распространять сплетни», – сказала Кейг. – «А ты не
слушай», – ответила Дотти. 4. Давайте поднимемся по этой винтовой лестнице на верх башни. 5. Что ты делаешь? Это
никуда не годится. Разве так разматывают шерсть? 6. Никто не умел так обвести человека вокруг пальца, как маленькая
Полли. 7. Положите все эти мелочи в пакет и обвяжите его несколько раз веревкой. 8. Не отдирайте кору с березы, вы
повредите дерево. 9. Зря вы так долго лежите на солнце, у вас будет лупиться кожа, да и вообще это принесет вам больше
вреда, чем пользы. 10. Зачем вы чистите картошку? Для салата картофель лучше варить нечищенным. 11. Кейт иногда
удавалось найти временную работу, но на еду опять ничего не оставалось. 12. Что-то пристало у меня к подошве, никак не
могу отскрести, должно быть, это деготь. 13. Осторожно! Не заденьте рукой за гвоздь. 14. Не скребите, пожалуйста, вилкой
по тарелке, я не выношу этого звука. 15. Он едва-едва сдал экзамены, но, по-моему, он понял, что нельзя терять столько
времени попусту. 16. Это вполне приличный дом отдыха, но нам очень не повезло с погодой: с утра до вечера, не
переставая, шел дождь, 17. В эту минуту я не могла не восхититься ее самообладанием. Твердой рукой она вдела нитку в
иголку и продолжала шить, как будто ничего не произошло. 18. Он казался вполне уравновешенным молодым человеком.
19. Давайте подложим что-нибудь под ножку стола, чтобы он не качался.
В. 1. В комнате Джона был ужасный беспорядок, но когда сестра воспользовалась его отсутствием и прибрала там
немного, он очень рассердился и сказал, что теперь он не может ничего там найти. 2. Вы опять испортили всю работу.
Неужели вам не стыдно так безразлично ко всему относиться? 3. Она спутала все мои планы, заставив меня прождать ее
четыре часа. 4. Мы услышали, как треснула ветка, кто-то подходил к нам. 5. Как ты небрежна! Треснула машина любимая
ваза, разве можно было мыть ее кипятком? 6. Сейчас уже небезопасно переходить реку: во льду образовались трещины. 7.
Краска на подоконнике потрескалась, придется соскоблить ее, прежде чем красить его заново. 8. Регулярная тренировка
способствовала его успеху на соревнованиях. 9. Он отказался дать стихи в нашу стенгазету, а теперь уже нет времени
просить кого-нибудь другого сделать это. 10. Американский художник Рокуэлл Кент пополнил коллекцию картин музея
имени А.С.Пушкина своими произведениями. 11. Он говорил с таким жаром, что никто не остался равнодушным. 12. Как
только вы расскажете ему об этом, у него сразу же исправится настроение. 13. Вы правильно отнеслись к критике,
другого я от вас и не ожидала. 14. Я помню, что где-то еще осталось полбутылки клубничного сока. По вкусу его ни с чем
на свете не сравнить. 15. Этот незнакомый нам фрукт сначала показался всем неприятным на вкус, но потом мы
привыкли утолять им жажду. 16. Мы все знали ее как женщину с тонким вкусом. 17. Я не люблю вкус моркови. Не
кладите еег пожалуйста, в салат. 18. В этом магазине такой выбор товаров, что вы, безусловно, найдете себе что-нибудь по
вкусу. 19. Он любит пошутить, но многие его шутки дурного вкуса. 20. Какая досада! Огурцы горчат.
8.Review the Essential Vocabulary and answer the following questions using it:
1. What do you call ill-natured idle talk? 2. What do you call the outer skin of fruit and vegetables? 3. What do you call giving
money to a common cause? 4. What do you call the sense peculiar to the tongue? 5. What do you call a person who is fond of
talking about other people's affairs? 6. What do you call a person who is regular in life and industrious? 7. What would you say of
a person who manages to make others do whatever he likes? 8. What would you say of a room which is in a state of disorder? 9.
What would you do with a table which is shaky? 10. What do you do to make sure that there is enough salt in the soup? K. What
do you have to do with the saucepan if the porridge gets burnt? 12. What must one do before applying to an Institute for
admission? 13. What is sure to happen if you wash a cut-glass vase in boiling water? 14. How do you feel if all is well? If things
go from bad to worse?
9.Respond to the following statements and questions using the Essential Vocabulary:
1. Aren't you ashamed of discussing my affairs behind my back? 2. What's the matter with your face? 3. I don't think he did his
share of the work. 4. It took you ages to do the room! 5. Why do you look so sullen? 6. Why did you give such a confused
answer? 7. Look at the coat I've just brought from the cleaner's! 8. The paint is a bit thick. 9. I should never have thought that you
would fall for her promises. 10. What's wrong with the orange? 11. Did he do well at his exams? 12. Which of the twins is Bob?
13.1 hear he was not admitted to the Institute. 14. What's this sound?
10.Make up and practise a short situation using the following words and word combinations
1.to gossip; spirit; to get mixed; to scrape through
2.like nothing else on earth; to wind; to roam; to gather wood; steadily; a crack; to get into scrapes
3.to peel; for an hour or so; I should never have thought, to be on the safe side; the more ... the more
11. Make up and act out a dialogue using the words and word combinations of Ex. 10:
1. Two inexperienced girls are cooking soup, (to peel potatoes, to be the size of, to waste, odds and ends, to mix, good
stuff, to try experiments, to flavour, to turn out, to be more like ... , a mixture with a bad taste, to scrape out)
2. A young married couple is packing, (there is little time left, plenty of time, in a mess, there is no room to spare, odds
and ends, the more ... the more ..., that won't do, to get cracked, to scrape, to make a mess of, to require help, the rest of the
evening, I should never thought)
12. Find in Text One and copy out phrases in which the prepositions (or adverbs) 'in', 'off and Vith' are used. Translate the phrases into
Russian.
13.Fill in prepositions:
1. Stand ... front of me, you'll see better then, there will be nothing ... the way ... your view. 2. Frankly speaking, I don't see
anything ... that idea. 3. She is always ... trouble ... her son. He can't resist bad influence. 4.1 can never talk easily ... him, we
seem to have nothing ... common. 5. A stitch ... time saves nine. ( proverb) 6. A bird ... the hand is worth two ... the bush,
(proverb) 7. There were not many people at the meeting, about 10 or 12 ... number, I should think. 8. Our preparation had to be
made ... secret, which required caution. 9. We are ... sight... land now and wilI«oon be ... port. 10. The matter ... itself is not
important, ... fact I was going to take no notice ... it, but he had acted ... such a way that I must take it into consideration. ...
any case it can't affect you. 11. I shall take these plates away now and bring the pudding ... . 12. Come to our village ... a
month or so. You'll see then how beautiful it is ... early June, all the houses smothered ... roses and not a cloud ... the sky.
14. Translate the following sentences into English. Pay attention to the prepositions:
Такого учителя нелегко найти, таких на тысячу один. 2. Я был в самой середине толпы и не мог подойти к вам. 3.
На вашем месте я бы подождал немного, это в ваших интересах. 4. «Кто вынимал сегодня почту? Не хватает одной
газеты», – возмущенно сказал отец. 5. Кондуктор автобуса помог старой женщине войти. 6. Джим открыл дверь и
впустил мокрую от дождя собаку. 7. Вы сегодня в плохом настроении, не так ли? – Да, что-то мне не по себе. Я,
пожалуй, лучше останусь дома и почитаю. 8. Джон помог жене снять пальто и усадил ее в кресло у камина. 9.
Разве вы не знаете, что контрольную работу не пишут карандашом? 10. Мы сошли с поезда и отправились на по-
иски гостиницы. 11. Говорите шепотом. Анна, кажется, заснула. 12. Джордж отрезал кусок хлеба, намазал его
маслом и принялся за еду. 13. Этот студент уверен в своих знаниях и немного рисуется. 14. Краска не отходит от
пальто, я не могу ее соскоблить. 15. Вы не знаете, как у него дела с книгой, которую он пишет? – Я его давно не
видел, мы не ладим с ним. – Но почему? По-моему, вы придираетесь к нему. При всех своих недостатках он очень
порядочный человек.
15.a) Give Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs and sayings (or translate them into Russian), b) Explain in English the
meaning of each proverb, c) Make up a dialogue to illustrate one of the proverbs:
1. Gossiping and lying go hand in hand. 2. He who would eat the nut must first crack the shell. 3. Oil and water will never
mix. 4. Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet.
16. Write a narrative essay on one of the topics:
1.A river trip that went wrong.
2.How Father did his best to cook dinner on the 8th of March.
3.The dream of a holiday-maker on a rainy night.
4.A trying experience of a holiday-maker during a river trip.
CONVERSATION AND DISCUSSION
CHANGING PATTERNS OF LEISURE
Topical Vocabulary
1. Choosing a route. Packing: hike, to go on a hike, to go hiking, hiker; picnic; walking tour, walker; to travel (to go) on
foot; to wander; to roam; route, to choose a route; to discuss plans, to plan a trip; guide-book; light (hand) luggage, heavy
luggage; rucksack; knapsack; hamper, basket; to pack clothes (supplies, cooking utensils, etc.) into a rucksack, to pack a
rucksack; damp– proof; sleeping-bag, the spirit of the journey; to be open to all impressions; an inveterate anti-picnicker.
2. Nature. Weather: landscape, scenery; countryside, hilly or level countryside; picturesque; vegetation; grove; slope;
steep hill;
meditative silence of the morning; to wind, winding; the weather forecast (to forecast the weather); constant (steady) rain
(wind); dull, wet, damp, cloudy, foggy, windy weather (day); it is pouring; to drizzle, it is beginning to drizzle; fog, thick fog,
mist; to be (to get) wet through; the things are damp, soaked; the wind rises, drives the clouds away, brings rain, drops; it's a
hot, stuffy day; the heat is stifling, unbearable; there is hardly a breath of air; not a leaf is stirring; it's 30 (degrees) above (zero)
in the shade; a day to tempt anyone out.
3. Meals: meals in the open air; cooking utensils; frying-pan; saucepan; pot; kettle, tea-pot, to get a kettle to boil; tin, tinned
food, tin-opener; pocket knife; gas-burner; water-container; eggs and bacon, scrambled eggs; plain, nourishing breakfast; to
peel, to scrape potatoes; to stir, to mix; to crack, to squash, to smash; to clean, to scrape out a frying-pan; to spill; odds and
ends; flavour; good stuff; like nothing else on earth; to make a fire, to put out the fire; to light a gas-stove; to settle oneself for
a meal; to squat down to supper; burnt and unappetising-looking mess; to give smb. a good appetite; to wash up.
4. Sleep: to camp out, to sleep out; a picnic site; to fix (to pitch) a tent, to strike a tent; sleeping-bag; to be fast asleep, not to
sleep a wink; torch.
5. Bathing and boating: to look down at the river and shiver; to throw water over oneself, a tremendous splash; to dive; to
swim, to have a swim; to run one's boat into a quiet nook; to hire a boat; to get upset; to row up (down) the river (stream); to
steer; bow, stern; canoe, rowing-boat, motor-boat, yacht; to land, to get out; to scull, tow, to punt; raft, to raft; strong current; a
refreshing bathe.
Read the following passage, comment on it and then answer the questions which follow it.
A Walking Tour
To be properly enjoyed, a walking tour should be gone upon alone. If you go in a company, or even in pairs, it is no
longer a walking tour in anything but name; it is something else and more in the nature of a picnic. A walking tour
should be gone upon alone because you should be able to stop and go on, and follow this way and that, as the
whim takes you; and because you must have your own pace, and neither trot alongside a champion walker, nor
mince in time with a girl. And you must be open to all impressions and let your thoughts take colour from what
you see. You should be as a pipe for any wind to play upon. There should be no cackle of voices at your elbow, to
jar on the meditative silence of the morning. And so long as a man is reasoning he cannot surrender himself to that
fine intoxication that comes of much motion in the open air, that begins in a sort of dazzle and sluggishness of the
brain, and ends in a peace that passes comprehension.
During the first day or so of any tour there are moments of bitterness, when the traveller feels more than coldly
towards his knapsack, when he is half in a mind to throw it bodily over the hedge. Yet it soon acquires a property
of easiness. It becomes magnetic; the spirit of the journey enters into it again. And no sooner have you passed the
straps over your shoulder again than the less of sleep are cleared from you, you pull yourself together with a shake
and fall at once into your stride. And surely, of all possible moods, this, in which a man takes the road, is the best.
1.Comment on the writer's use of the expression "in anything but name". 2. What in the opinion of the writer
are the main disadvantages of having company on a walking tour? 3. "You should be as a pipe for any wind to play
on." What is the significance of this statement? 4. How, according to the writer, is man affected by prolonged
walking in the open air? 5. What impression do we receive from the use of the word "bodily"? 6. The writer
describes the knapsack as becoming magnetic. In what way is this an accurate description? 7. Taking the theme as
a whole, what do you think is "the spirit of the journey" referred to?
2. Give a summary of the text.
3. Use the Topical Vocabulary in answering the questions:
1. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of a hiking tour? 2. What must you take with you if you are
going on a week's walking tour? 3. What's your daily routine when on a hike? 4. How would you plan your day in
hot stuffy weather? 5. What would you do in cold and rainy weather? 6. Do you take the weather forecast into
account when going hiking? 7. What do you like for breakfast, dinner and supper when on a hike? 8. What must
you do to make a fire, to cook scrambled eggs,' to cook fish soup, to cook porridge? 9. Do you like sleeping out?
10. Which would you prefer: sleeping out or being put up at the village? Give reasons for your choice. 11. Do you make a
point of having a swim every day no matter what the weather is? 12. Which would you rather choose: a hiking trip or a river
trip? Why? 13. Have you or your friends ever gone fishing? What is characteristic of an experienced angler? 14. What do you
do of an evening during a hiking tour?
4. Read the poem, comment on it and answer the questions.
Leisure
What is this life if, full of care.
We have no time to stand and stare.
No time to stand beneath the boughs
And stare as long as sheep or cows.
No time to see when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.
No time to see, in broad daylight,
Streams full of stars, like skies at night.
No time to turn at Beauty's glance,
And watch her feet, how they can dance.
No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began.
A poor life this is if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
W.H.Davis (1871—1940)
What do you consider to be the author's message of the poem? 2. What is the author's attitude towards the life
full of care? 3. Show how the reader is constantly reminded of the poor life he lives. 4. In view of the contents of the
poem, what is hinted at in the title "Leisure"? 5. Observe whether irony enters into the author's treatment of the
subject. 6. Choose two words or phrases which you find particularly vivid. Comment on each of them so as to con -
vey the reasons why you find them effective. 7. The poet treats his subject in a very lovely and interesting manner.
One way in which he sustains interest is by using expressions which suggest that there is something "human" about
nature. Find in the poem what is often used with reference to human beings. 8. What do the images of the poem
suggest are the poet's feelings about nature? 9. Bring out the effectiveness of the repetition in the poem. 10. Would
you recommend the poem to a friend? Give your brief reasons. 11. Suppose that you had some reasons to get up an
hour before dawn. Describe the signs and stages by which the rest of the world "wakes up". 12. As a teacher you
propose to introduce this poem to your pupils. Prepare your introductory talk.
5. Work in pairs or in small groups. Use the phrase list of the Topical Vocabulary:
1.
You've been chatting to a friendly fellow-hiker on your way to the meeting place about your last year experience
on a hiking tour.
2. You have been invited to join your friend's family on a hiking tour. You've never been before and you want to
know much about the new experience.
3. A friend is saying good-bye to you as you are about to go off on a short hiking tour. You are not convinced you are
going to enjoy yourself.
4. You have arranged with your friend, Mike, to go out for a picnic. But it is pouring with rain.
5. At your English Department you have planned an end-of– term walking tour. You speak to your teacher about the
arrangements.
6. You and some friends are planning a hiking tour, but you want to do something unusual.
7. You are going on a hiking tour and have discovered that you have no rucksack. You remember your friend Jane
has an old rucksack that she probably isn't using. You telephone her.
8. Your friend Bob has agreed to come with you and two other friends on a hiking tour. Suddenly he changes his
mind and says he wants to go to the seaside. You try to persuade him to stay with you.
9. You and your sister are on a walking tour. Your sister has decided that you need to slim and has placed two raw
eggs in a glass in front of you as your dinner.
10. Give two descriptions of hiking tours. In one of them describe the tour from the point of view of an
ardent hiker, in the other describe the tour from the point of view of a tour-hater.
11. Imagine that you are a newly employed teacher and you are anxious to impress on your Headmistress the importance of
hiking tours.
6. Telling a Story.
We often want to tell people stories in the form of long narratives. It may be the story of a film, or a book, or a true story of events
that have happened to us – or even a joke or a funny story.
To keep the narrative going you need various "narrative techniques" to give variety and interest to the story.
So instead of saying: "He fell into the sea," you can say: "What happened to him was that he fell into the sea," and instead of say -
ing: "He opened the letter," you can say: "What he did was open the letter," or even: "What happened was that he opened the letter."
Another narrative technique is to involve the listener in the story by asking him or her to guess what happened next, or how
