Текст книги "The spirit of the nation (СИ)"

Автор книги: Марат Нигматулин

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Second cited A. Tarasov example is Ireland, in relation to the population of which the British government has for centuries pursued a policy of genocide. Here's A. Tarasov points out that «the prevailing reaction of the Irish was not resistance, but flight» [5]. 

 

In reality, however, this is not quite the case. Anatoly Shtyrbul with reference to T. A. Jackson writes in his last book: «Thus, with the beginning of the English invasion, the entire island was divided into two virtually independent parts, both economically and politically, – the sail and the unconquered Ireland (Airishri). Both of these units were in a state of continuous war.» [6]. This war lasted for centuries: it began in the 13th century with the advent of the English conquerors, and it ended only in 1605. In short, it ended only nominally: in reality, throughout the seventeenth century, the resistance of the Irish guerrillas continued. 

 

Next A. Tarasov touches on the Indian question, saying that «the scale of the Indian resistance in general did not correspond to the size of the genocide against them» [7]. In addition, the author points out that «if the catastrophic deterioration of living conditions in itself unequivocally led to an uprising, the entire colonial history of Latin America would be the story of one great endless guerrilla war» [8]. 

 

It should be noted that this is the case. 

 

First of all, it is necessary to recall the three hundred-year Araucan Wars, led by mapuche Indians from 1536 to 1882 (actually – until 1885) first against the colonial Spanish authorities, and then against the Chilean government. 

 

North America is also remarkable in it'sheroic resistance to genocide. The first open anti-colonial performance of the Indians took place here in 1622. This was followed by a series of so-called «Indian Wars» in 1636-1637, 1644, 1675-1676. On this, however, the history of resistance does not end: in 1680 there was an Indian uprising in Spanish territory, which resulted in the capture of Santa Fe; in 1689 there was an uprising of the Iroquois in French territory; in 1711, the war with the Tuscarora Indians began; In 1715, the War in South Carolina; in 1762-1765 swept the famous Pontiac War, during which the Indians besieged Detroit.  A new multi-year war led by Chief Tucumse began in 1779. In 1813-1831 there was a war of sauk tribes and focus. Throughout 1817-1838 there was a war of semitologists in Florida. In 1863-1864 there was a War of the Red Cloud. In 1862, the Hiu tribe took to the warpath. The armed resistance of the latter was broken only in 1880, and the last soldiers from the Apache tribe laid down their arms only in 1886. It was not until the end of the 19th century that the American government was able to quell the armed resistance of the Indian tribes [9]. 

 

Let's return, however, to Europe. Speaking of the European Middle Ages, A. Tarasov states that «the incomparability of the social response to the intolerable conditions of existence is impressive in itself» [10]. 

 

«According to the concepts of the ordinary modern politically active citizen, the living conditions of the majority of the population in the Middle Ages were such that all over Europe had to rage one endless peasant war.» [11] –  writes A. Tarasov in his article. 

 

In this respect, it should be noted that this is the war that raged relentlessly throughout the space of feudal Europe. Here, as the eminent Soviet historian Boris Porshnev writes about it in his book about Jean Melier: «The chain of stubborn, indestructible uprisings of peasants and urban poor in France stretched through the 16th century, cut through the 17th century and came out in the 18th century, the century that ended with the Great Revolution. Whole folk wars of «croquants», «va-nu-pieds», again «croquants» spilled in the western provinces in 1636, then in the north in 1639, then in the south in 1643-1645.  «The War of the Saboteurs» 1658, the «War of the Poor» 1662, the «Bernard Odijo Rebellion» of 1664, the «Rise of Antoine Ruer» of 1670, the huge uprising of 1675, the flame of which spread from Bretagne to a good dozen other provinces. In general, for this time there is a tendency, at least in the leaders of movements, to overcome their local disunity, the desire by all means to move the torch of the uprising from the province to the province. In 1680, the «beginnings of the riot»erupted in different provinces: in Perigord, the «riots» are so serious that the instigators are predicated in public execution, in Poitou – «unrest», in Burgundy – a whole revolt against the new tax on wine. «Riots» erupted in 1680 and in Champagne. For three years, 1702-1704, the marshals of the «Sun King» were engaged in a bloody war against the people. At once the «riots» began on very different occasions in the provinces of Quersy, Perigord, Bearn, in different cities. A year later, in 1707, a new peasant war broke out in the province of Quersy. A year later, in 1709, almost all over France swept peasant and plebeian unrest. And again, again, in 1710, 1713, 1714, 1715 uprisings here and there in cities and entire provinces. In 1725, these «moods» and «riots» covered the provinces of Guyenne, Normandy, Bretagne and the government could do nothing about them. In the cities and burgs of Champagne, the performances of workers and the poor are drawn in a chain.» [12]. 

 

To similar conclusions about the regular and to some extent normal nature of peasant and plebeian uprisings in theMiddle Ages comes in his book «Lust for Liberty. The Politics of Social Revolt I Medieval Europe» is also the modern researcher Samuel Cohn [13]. 

 

So the views of A. Tarasov about some historical uprisings, their essence and frequency are questioned by modern historical science. At the same time, the reasons for the lack of significant popular performances in modern Russia, as mentioned in the article by Alexander Tarasov, remain significant and remain relevant to date. 

 

According to A. Tarasov, «a powerful socio-psychological factor that prevents the active struggle of the masses for their rights» is «a bourgeoisie, an philister psychology» [14]. A. Tarasov even says that «the bourgeois psychology in Russia is as powerful amortizing as ignorance and the church were in the Middle Ages» [15]. 

 

Another reason for the striking calm of Russian society is it's «increasing atomization» [16]. 

 

Next A. Tarasov's «criminalization, alcoholization and drugization of the population» and also influence of mass media [17]. 

 

The above-mentioned circumstances, noted by many researchers besides A. Tarasov, however, are neither the main nor the determining ones. Unlike all sorts of bourgeois researchers, standing firmly on the basis of historical materialism A. Tarasov understands that the current situation «will not disappear before two powerful buffers that stabilize the social situation: housingand homesteads are eliminated» [18]. 

 

«That's when the regime in the process of further robbery of the population and redistribution of property will begin to evict the masses of those who will no longer be able to pay for housing – that's when you can expect mass epiphany» and mass active actions.» [19] – Alexander Tarasov writes. 

 

It should be noted that of all the reasons for Russia's internal calm, mentioned in Article A. Tarasov – it is the availability of housing in the majority of the population is the determining reason. Itshould not be forgotten that alexander Tarasov's forecast (as well as many of his other predictions) began to come true with appalling accuracy over the course of recent years. Now the state is seriously concerned about the problem of the presence of communal debtors, and mass evictions are practiced by the relevant services more and more often. 

 

In the final paragraphs of article A. Tarasov also points to the problem, which he will attach to a very special significance – the ideological weakness of the Russian left. «There is no what Lenin called «subjective conditions»: there are no new leaders and new ideas in the country...» [20] – writes A. Tarasov. 

 

Thus, despite a somewhat unusual interpretation of historical facts admitted to events of colonial and medieval history, Alexander Tarasov has correctly pointed out the reasons for the passivity of the Russian population politically.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography. 

 

1. Thus, in the commentary to the Velemir Doloev's recording of the «Marxist capacity» on criticism of the statement of the edition of the «Saint-Juste» editing, one of the users wrote literally: «Your claim to Tarasov is irrelevant, because this statement on the site «Saint-Juste» has written, of course, not Tarasov. He was written by Comrade major, but I must admit, a very smart, literate major... Then this man continued: «Well, maybe not major, maybe colonel. The promotion is to deserve to be supplied to the left cannon for Donbass.». See:Марксистская капча // Живой журнал URL: https://doloew1917.livejournal.com/99704.html (дата обращения: 23.12.2018.). Similar guesses about  cooperation of Tarasov with Russian special services also expressed many visitors to the «Rabkor» conference in the «Telegram» messenger.

2. О «безмолвствующем народе» и «социальном взрыве, которого всё нет и нет» // Александр Тарасов // Скепсис URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_121.html (дата обращения: 23.12.2018). 

3. Ibid. 

4. Ibid. 

5. Ibid. 

6. Штырбул, А. А. Безгосударственныеобщества в эпоху государственности (III тысячелетие д. н. э. – II тысячелетие н. э.) М.: Common place, 2018. 

7. О «безмолвствующем народе» и «социальном взрыве, которого всё нет и нет» // Александр Тарасов // Скепсис URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_121.html (дата обращения: 23.12.2018). 

8. Ibid. 

9. Штырбул, А. А. Безгосударственныеобщества в эпоху государственности (III тысячелетие д. н. э. – II тысячелетие н. э.) М.: Common place, 2018.

10. О «безмолвствующем народе» и «социальном взрыве, которого всё нет и нет» // Александр Тарасов // Скепсис URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_121.html (дата обращения: 23.12.2018). 

11. Ibid. 

12. Поршнев, Б. Ф. Мелье М.: Молодая гвардия, 1964. 

13. Samuel K. Cohn Lust for Liberty. The Politics of Social Revolt InMedieval Europe: 1200-1425. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006. 

14. О «безмолвствующем народе» и «социальном взрыве, которого всё нет и нет» // Александр Тарасов // Скепсис URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_121.html (дата обращения: 23.12.2018). 

15. Ibid. 

16. Ibid. 

17. Ibid. 

18. Ibid. 

19. Ibid. 

20. Ibid.