Текст книги "The Book of Lost Tales, Part One"

Автор книги: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien

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Ilwл In QL the word ilu is glossed ‘ether, the slender airs among the stars’, while in GL the Gnomish name Ilon of Illъvatar is said to="Qenya" Ilu. In QL ilwл was first glossed ‘sky, heavens’, with a later addition ‘the blue air that is about the stars, the middle layers’ to this in Gnomish corresponds ilwint—concerning which it is explained in GL that the true form ilwi or ilwin was perverted to ilwint through association with gwint ‘face’, as if it meant ‘face of God’. Other words found in Gnomish are Ilbar, Ilbaroth ‘heaven, the uttermost region beyond the world’ Ilador, Ilathon=Ilъvatar; ilbrant ‘rainbow’ (see Ilweran).

Ilweran QL gives Ilweran, Ilweranta ‘rainbow’ (another word for the rainbow in Q1enya is Iluqinga, in which qinga means ‘bow’ qingi-twang, of strings, harp’). In Gnomish the corresponding forms are Ilbrant or Ilvrant, which are said in GL to be falsely associated with brant ‘bow (for shooting)’ the second element is related rather to rantha ‘arch, bridge’, as Q. Ilweran(ta) shows.

Ingil In GL the Gnomish names of Inwл’s son are Gilweth and Githilma; Gil is the star Sirius, and is said to be the name of Gilweth after he rose into the heavens and ‘in the likeness of a great bee bearing honey of flame followed Daimord [Telimektar, Orion]’ see entries Nielluin, Telimektar. No explanation of these names is given, but Gil(weth) is clearly connected with gil– ‘gleam’, gilm ‘moonlight’, giltha ‘white metal’ (see Ilsaluntл). For Githilma see Isil.

Inwл In QL this, the name of ‘the ancient king of the fairies who led them to the world’, is a derivative of a root INI ‘small’, whence also the adjective inya and the names Inwilis, Inwinуrл ‘Faлry’ and ‘England’ (the latter struck out). Tol Eressлa was here said to have been named Inwinуrл after Inwл, but this was changed to say that it was named Ingilnуrл after his son Ingil. These entries relate to a very early conception (see Alalminуrл, Eldamar). For other names of Inwл see Inwithiel, Isil.

Inwir See Inwл. In GL the ‘noble clan of the Tilthin’ (Teleri) are called Imrim, singular Im (see Inwithiel).

Inwithiel In the texts Inwithiel, Gnomish name of King Inwл, is an emendation from (Gim) Githil (p. 22, 131). In GL these names Inwithiel, Githil are given as additional to his proper names Inweg or Im. See Isil.

Isil In the tale of The Coming of the Elves (p. 115) Inwл is called Isil Inwл, and in GL the Gnomish form corresponding to Isil is Githil (to the name of his son Githilma corresponds Qenya Isilmo). In QL is a root ISI (iska ‘pale’, is ‘light snow’), of which the Gnomish equivalent is given as ith– or gith-; GL has a word ith ‘fine snow’.

Kalaventл See Galmir, Glorvent.

Kalormл This appears in QL among the derivatives of root KALA (see Galmir), with the meaning ‘hill-crest over which the Sun rises’. ormл="summit," crest’, from a root ORO with apparently a base sense of ‘rise’: or ‘on’, oro ‘hill’, oro– ‘rise’, orto– ‘raise’, oronta ‘steep’, orosta ‘ascension’, etc.; Gnomish or ‘on, onto, on top’, orod, ort ‘mountain’, orm ‘hill-top’, oros, orost– ‘rising’. Cf. Oromл, Orossi, Tavrobel.

Kapalinda (The source of the river in the place of the banishment of the Noldoli in Valinor, p. 157.) QL has kapalinda ‘spring of water’ among derivatives of root KAPA ‘leap, spring’ linda is obscure.

Kaukareldar Under the root KAWA ‘stoop’ in QL are derivations kauka ‘crooked, bent, humped’, kauko ‘humpback’, kawin ‘I bow’, kaurл ‘fear’, kaurлa ‘timid’.

Kelusindi (The river in the place of the banishment of the Noldoli in Valinor, p. 157; in the text called Sirnъmen.) In QL under root KELE, KELU ‘flow, trickle, ooze’ are given many derivatives including kelusindi ‘a river’, also kelu, kelumл ‘stream’, kektelл ‘fountain’ (also in the form ektelл), etc. For -sindi see Sirion.

Kйmi QL gives kemi ‘earth, soil, land’ and kemen ‘soil’, from root KEME. The Gnomish name is Cнmir, which="Q." Kйmi ‘Mother Earth’. There is also a Gnomish word grosgen ‘soil’ in which -gen is said to="Q." kйmi.

Koiviл-nйni ‘Waters of Awakening.’ In QL under root KOYO ‘have life’ are derivatives koi, koirл ‘life’, koitл ‘living being’, koina, koirлa ‘alive’, koiva ‘awake’, koiviл ‘awakening’. In GL are cuil ‘life’, cuith ‘life, living body’, etc.; cwiv– ‘be awake’, cwivra– ‘awaken’, cuivros ‘awakening’: Nenin a Gwivros ‘Waters of Awakening’. For -nйni, Nenin see Neni Erъmлar.

Kуpas QL has kуpa ‘harbour’, the only word given under root KOPO ‘keep, guard’. GL has gobos ‘haven’, with a reference to Q. kуpa, kуpas; also gob ‘hollow of hand’, gobli ‘dell’.

Kфr In QL this name is given under the root KORO ‘revere?’, with the note ‘the ancient town built above the rocks of Eldamar, whence the fairies marched into the world’ also placed here are korda ‘temple’, kordon ‘idol’. The Gnomish form is here given as Cфr, but in GL Cфr (‘the hill of the fairies and the town thereon near the shores of the Bay of Faлry’) was replaced by Gwвr, Goros ‘="Q." Kфr the town on the round hill’. This interpretation of the name Kфr clearly replaces that in QL, which belongs with the earliest layer of entries. See further under korin.

korin See Kфr. In QL there is a second root KORO (i.e. distinct from that which gave Kфr); this has the meaning ‘be round, roll’, and has such derivatives as korima ‘round’, kornл ‘loaf’, also korin ‘a circular enclosure, especially on a hill-top’. At the same time as Cфr was replaced by Gwвr, Goros in GL the word gorin (gwarin) ‘circle of trees, ="=Q." korin’ was entered, and all these forms derive from the same root (gwas– or gor– < guor="Q." kor-), which would seem to signify ‘roundness’ so in the tale of The Coming of the Elves ‘the Gods named that hill Kфr by reason of its roundness and its smoothness’ (p. 122).

Koromas A separate and early entry in QL defines Kormas (the form in the text before emendation to Koromas, p. 22) thus: ‘the new capital of the fairies after their retreat from the hostile world to Tol Eressлa, now Inwinуrл. It was named in m1emory of Kфr and because of its great tower was called also Kortirion.’ For -mas see Eldamar.

Kortirion The word tirion ‘a mighty tower, a city on a hill’ is given in QL under root TIRI ‘stick up’, with tinda ‘spike’, tirin ‘tall tower’, tirios ‘a town with walls and towers’. There is also another root TIRI, differing in the nature of the medial consonant, with meaning ‘watch, guard, keep; look at, observe’, whence tiris ‘watch, vigil’, etc. In GL are tir– ‘look out for, await’, tirin (poetic form tirion) ‘watch-tower, turret’, Tirimbrithla ‘the Tower of Pearl’ (see Silmarilli).

Kosomot Son of Melko (see p. 93). With a different second element, Kosomoko, this name is found in QL under root MOKO ‘hate’ (mokir ‘I hate’), and the corresponding Gnomish form is there said to be Gothmog. The first element is from root KOSO ‘strive’, in Gnomish goth ‘war, strife’, with many derivative words.

Kulullin This name is not among the derivatives of KULU ‘gold’ in QL, nor does it appear with the Gnomish words (mostly names of the Sun) containing culu in GL. For the meaning of culu in Gnomish see Ilsaluntл.

Laisi See Tбri-Laisi.

Laurelin QL has laurл ‘gold (much the same as kulu)’, laurina ‘golden’. laurл is the final l of tilkal (p. 100, where it is said to be the ‘magic’ name of gold, as ilsa of silver). The Gnomish words are glфr ‘gold’, glфrin, glфriol ‘golden’, but GL gives no names of the Golden Tree. Cf. Brбglorin, Glorvent.

limpлlimpл ‘drink of the fairies’ is given in QL under root LIPI, with lipte– ‘to drip’, liptл ‘a little drop’, lipil ‘little glass’. Corresponding forms in GL are limp or limpelis ‘the drink of the fairies’, lib– ‘to drip’, lib ‘a drop’, libli ‘small glass’.

Lindeloksл At one occurrence in the texts an emendation from Lindeloktл and itself emended to Lindelos (p. 22), at others an emendation from Lindelуtл and itself allowed to stand (p. 79, 131). See Lindelos.

LindelosLinde– is one of many derivatives from the root LIRI ‘sing’, as lin ‘melody’, lindelл ‘song, music’, lindelлa ‘melodious’, lirit ‘poem’, lirilla ‘lay, song’ (cf. Rъmil’s tirнpti lirilla, p. 47), and the name of the Vala Lirillo. GL has lir– ‘sing’ and glоr ‘song, poem’. Lindelos is not given in QL, which has the name rejected in the text Lindeloktл (p. 22), here translated ‘singing cluster, laburnum’.

Loktл ‘blossom (of flowers in bunches or clusters)’ is derived from a root LOHO, with lokta– ‘sprout, put forth leaves or flowers’. This is said to be an extended form of root OLO ‘tip’, whence1 olл ‘three’, olma ‘nine’, уlemл ‘elbow’. Another extended form of this root is LO’O, from which are derived lуtл ‘a flower’ (and -lot ‘the common form in compounds’) and many other words; cf. Lindelуtл, another rejected name of the Golden Tree (p. 79, 131), Wingilot. For Gnomish words see Gar Lossion. No Gnomish name of the Golden Tree is found in GL, but it was in fact Glingol (which originally appeared in the text, see p. 22); GL has glin ‘sound, voice, utterance’ (also lin ‘sound’), with the note that -glin, -grin is a suffix in the names of languages, as Goldogrin Gnomish.

Lirillo (A name of Salmar-Noldorin, p. 144.) See Lindelos.

Lуmлarni (A name of the Dark Elves, p. 244 note 6.) See Hisilуmл.

Lomendбnar ‘Days of Gloaming’ (p. 69). See Hisilуmл, Danuin.

Lуrien A derivative of the root LORO ‘slumber’, with lor- ‘to slumber’, lorda ‘drowsy, slumbrous’ also olor, olуrл ‘dream’, olуrлa ‘dreamy’. (For much later formulation of words from this root, including Olуrin (Gandalf), see Unfinished Tales p. 396.) In GL are given lыr ‘slumber’, Lъriel changed to Lъrin="Qenya" Lъrien, and also olm, oloth, olor ‘dream, apparition, vision’, oltha ‘appear as an apparition’. Cf. Eriol, Olofantur, Olуrл Mallл.

Lъmin (Rejected name for Aluin ‘Time’, p. 222.) GL has lыm ‘time’, luin ‘gone, past’, lu ‘occasion, time’, lыtha ‘pass (of time), come to pass’. Aluin perhaps belongs here also.

Luvier I have translated this word on the ‘World-Ship’ drawing as ‘Clouds’ (p. 85) on the basis of words in QL derived from the root LUVU: luvu– ‘lower, brood’, lumbo ‘dark lowering cloud’, lъrл ‘dark weather’, lъrлa ‘dark, overcast’. GL has lum ‘cloud’, lumbri ‘foul weather’, lumbrin, lumba ‘overcast’, lur– ‘hang, lower, of clouds’.

Makar Given in QL (‘God of battle’) under root MAKA, with mak– ‘slay’, makil ‘sword’. His Gnomish name is Magron or Magorn, with related words mactha– ‘slay’, macha ‘slaughter, battle’, magli ‘a great sword’. See Meбssл.

In the Valar name-list Makar is called also Ramandor. This was the original name of the King of the Eagles in The Fall of Gondolin, replaced by Sorontur. In QL under root RAMA (rama- ‘to shout’, rambл ‘a shout’, ran ‘noise’) Ramandor is translated ‘the Shouter, ="Makar$$$rsquo###."

Mandos This name is defined in QL as ‘the halls of Vк and Fui (hell)’, and a comparison made with -mandu in Angamandu ‘Hells of Iron’. In GL is the following entr1y: ‘Bandoth [later changed to Bannoth] (cf. Angband)="Mandos" (1) the region of the waiting souls of the dead (2) the God who judged the dead Elves and Gnomes (3) improperly used exclusively of his hall, properly called Gwк [changed to Gwо] or Ingwi’. For this distinction between the region Mandos, in which dwelt the death-gods, and their halls Vк and Fui, see p. 76, 89–90.

Mбnir Not in QL; but GL has ‘mуna or mуni: the spirits of the air, children of Manweg’. Further relations are indicated in the following entry: ‘manos (plural manossin): a spirit that has gone to the Valar or to Erumбni (Edhofon). Cf. mуna, Q. mбnл.’ See Eruman and p. 91 ff. Other words are mani ‘good (of men and character only), holy’ (QL manл ‘good (moral)’), mandra ‘noble’, and Manweg (Q. Manwл).

Manwл See Mбnir. The Gnomish names are Man and Manweg (for-weg see Bronweg).

Mar Vanwa Tyaliйva For Mar see Eldamar, and for Vanwa see Qalvanda. Tyaliл ‘play, game’ is an isolated entry in QL under root TYALA.

Meбssл A late, hasty entry in QL adds Meбssл ‘sister of Makar, Amazon with bloody arms’ to the root MEHE ‘ooze?’, whence mear ‘gore’. In GL she is Mechos and Mechothli (mechor ‘gore’), and is also called Magrintha ‘the red-handed’ (magru=macha ‘slaughter, battle’, magrusaig ‘bloodthirsty’). In the Valar name-list she is called Rбvл or Ravenni; in QL the root RAVA has many derivatives, as rauta– ‘to hunt’, raust ‘hunting, preying’, Raustar a name of Oromл, rau (plural rбvi) ‘lion’, ravennл ‘she-lion’, Rбvi a name of Meбssл. Very similar forms are given in GL: rau ‘lion’, rausta ‘to hunt’, raust ‘hunt’.

Melko The name is entered in QL but without etymological affinity. In GL the corresponding name is Belca, changed to Belcha, with a note referring to Qenya velka ‘flame’. In the Valar name-list he is called Yelur (root DYELE, whence Qenya yelwa ‘cold’, Yelin ‘winter’); the Gnomish form is Geluim, Gieluim, ‘name of Belcha when exercising his opposite functions of extreme cold, Q. Yeloimu’, cf. Gilim ‘winter’. Melko is also called in the name-list Ulban(d), which is found in QL glossed ‘monster’, under the negative prefix UL-; his son Kosomot (Gothmog) was ‘by Ulbandi’ (p. 93). Other names for him in Gnomish are Uduvrin (see Utumna) and Angainos (see Angaino).

Meril-i-TurinqiMeril is not in QL, but turinqi ‘queen’ is given with a great many other derivatives of the root TURU ‘be strong’, including Turambar (Turumarto), and tur ‘king’. In GL are tur– ‘can, have power to’, tыr ‘king’, turwin ‘queen’, turm ‘authority, rule; strength’. turinthi ‘princess, especially title of Gwidhil’. Cf. Sorontur, Valatъru. Tuor.

There are also these later additions in GL: ‘Gwidhil-i-Durinthi= Meril-i-Turinqi Queen of Flowers’ gwethra ‘bloom, flourish’ and the stem gwe1dh– is here compared to Qenya mer-, which is not in QL.

Minethlos GL min ‘one, single’, mindon ‘tower, properly an isolated turret or peak’, mineth ‘island’, Minethlos ‘Argent Isle (Moon)’—the same translation is given in the text, p. 192. Under root MI QL has mir ‘one’, minqл ‘eleven’ and under root MINI mindon ‘turret’. The second element of Minethlos must in fact be lфs ‘flower’ (see Gar Lossion).

Miruvor QL miruvуrл ‘nectar, drink of the Valar’ (see p. 161), with miru ‘wine’ GL mirofor (or gurmir) ‘drink of the Gods’, mоr, miros ‘wine’.

Moritarnon ‘Door of Night’ (see Morniл). GL gives tarn ‘gate’, tarnon ‘porter’. Cf. Tarn Fui.

Morniл Not in QL, but one of the many derivatives of root MORO, as moru- ‘to hide’, mori ‘night’, morna, morqa ‘black’, morion ‘son of the dark’. (A curious item is Morwen ‘daughter of the dark’, Jupiter. In the original tale of Tъrin his mother was not named Morwen.) The Gnomish name of the death-ship is Mornir, a later addition to original entries morn ‘dark, black’, morth ‘darkness’, mortha ‘dim’, with the note ‘the black ship that plies between Mandos and Erumбni, Q. Morniл (Black Grief)’. The second element is therefore nоr ‘grief’ (<ni r-), to which Qenya nyйrл is said to correspond. Cf. Moritarnon, Mуru, Morwinyon.

Mуru GL in a later addition gives Muru ‘a name of the primeval Night personified as Gwerlum or Gungliont’, hence my reading in the text Mуru rather than Morn (p. 156). Among the original entries in GL is mъri ‘darkness, night’. See Morniл.

Morwinyon This name of the star Arcturus is translated in the text (p. 182) as ‘the glint at dusk’, and QL, giving it under root MORO (see Morniл), renders it ‘glint in the dark’. QL has a root GWINI with derivative word wintil ‘a glint’.

The Gnomish name is Morwinthi; presumably connected are gwim, gwinc ‘spark, flash’, gwimla ‘wink, twinkle’.

Murmenalda Translated in the text as ‘Vale of Sleep’, ‘the Slumbrous Dale’ (pp. 233, 235). QL under root MURU gives muru- ‘to slumber’, murmл ‘slumber’, murmлa ‘slumbrous’. The second element is from a root NLDL, of which the derivatives in QL are nal(lл) ‘dale, dell’ and nalda ‘valley’ used as an adjective. In Gnomish occur nal ‘dale, vale’, nal ‘down, downwards’, nalos ‘sinking, setting, slope’, Nalosaura ‘sunset’, etc. Cf. Murmuran.

Murmuran See Murmenalda. GL gives the Gnomish form corresponding1 to Qenya Murmuran as Mormaurien ‘abode of Lъriel’, but this seems to be of different etymology: cf. Malmaurien="Olуrл" Mallл, the Path of Dreams, maur ‘dream, vision’.

Nandini On an isolated paper that gives a list of the different clans of ‘fays’ the Nandini are ‘fays of the valleys’. QL gives a root NARA with derivatives nan(d) ‘woodland’, nandin ‘dryad’ GL has nandir ‘fay of the country, Q. nandin’, together with nand ‘field, acre’ (plural nandin ‘country’), nandor ‘farmer’, etc.

Nauglath GL gives the following words: naug and naugli ‘dwarf’, naugla ‘of gives the dwarves’ nauglafel ‘dwarf-natured, i.e. mean, avaricious’ (see p. 236). QL has nothing corresponding, but in GL the Qenya equivalent of naug is said to be nauka.

Neni Erъmлar (On the ‘World-Ship’ drawing, where I have translated it ‘Outermost Waters’, p. 85.) QL under root NENE ‘flow’ has nen ‘river, water’, and the same form occurs in Gnomish. Erъmлa ‘outer, outermost’ is given in AL as a derivative of ERE ‘out’, as in Eruman. Cf. Koiviл-nйni.

Nermir In the list of fays referred to under Nandini the Nermir are ‘fays of the meads’. QL has an isolated entry Nermi ‘a field-spirit’, and GL has Nermil ‘a fay that haunts meadows and river-banks.’.

Nessa This name does not appear in the dictionaries.—In the Valar name-list she is called Helinyetillл and Melesta. In QL, among the very early entries, helin is the name of the violet or pansy, and Helinyetillл is glossed ‘Eyes of Heartsease’ (that being a name of the pansy); cf, yґta ‘look at’. But in QL this is a name of Erinti. There was clearly much early shifting among the goddesses of Spring, the ascription of names and rфles (see Erinti). Melesta is doubtless from root MELE ‘love’ (meles(sл) ‘love’, melwa ‘lovely’, etc.; Gnomish mel- ‘to love’, meleth ‘love’, melon, meltha ‘beloved’, etc.).

Nielнqui In QL this name (Nieliqi, also Nielikki, Nyelikki) is derived from the root NYEHE ‘weep’ (see Nienna). Where her tears fell snowdrops (nieninqл, literally ‘white tear’) sprang. See the poem Nieninqл in J. R. R. Tolkien, The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays, 1983, p. 215. For ninqл see Taniquetil.

The second element of Nielнqui is presumably from the root LIQI, whence linqл ‘water’, liqin ‘wet,’ liqis ‘transparence’, etc. (see Ulmo).

Nielluin This name of the star Sirius is translated in the text (p. 182) as ‘the Bee of Azure’ (see Ingil). The first element is from the root NEHE, whence nektл ‘honey’, nier (< neier < neier) ‘honey-bee’, nierwes ‘hive’. The name of Sirius is given in QL as Niellъnл or Nierninwa; both ninwa and lъnл are Qenya words meaning ‘blue’. In Gnomish the name of the star is Niothluimi, = Qenya Nielluin: nio, nios ‘bee’ and many related words,1 luim ‘blue’.

Nienna In QL Nyenna the goddess is given under a root NYE(NE) ‘bleat’, whence nyйni ‘she-goat’, nyйna- ‘lament’, etc.; but there is a note ‘or all to root NYEHE’. This means ‘weep’: niл‘tear’ (cf.Nielнqui), nyenyл ‘weeping’. In GL the forms of the name are Nenni(r), Nenir, Nenir, without etymological connections given, but cf. nоn ‘tear’.

Noldoli The root NOL ‘know’ in QL has derivatives Noldo ‘Gnome’ and Noldorinwa adjective, Noldomar ‘Gnomeland’, and Noldorin ‘who dwelt awhile in Noldomar and brought the Gnomes back to Inwenуrл. It seems that Noldomar means the Great Lands. But it is very curious that in these entries, which are among the earliest, ‘Gnome’ is an emendation of ‘Goblin’ cf. the poem Goblin Feet (1915), and its Old English title Cumaю Юб Nihtielfas (p. 32).

In Gnomish ‘Gnome’ is Golda (‘i.e. wise one’); Goldothrim ‘the people of the Gnomes’, Goldogrin their tongue, Goldobar, Goldomar ‘Gnomeland’. The equivalent of Noldorin in GL is Goldriel, which was the form antecedent to Golthadriel in the text before both were struck out (p. 22). See Nуlemл.

Noldorin See Noldoli.

Nуlemл This is given in QL as a common noun, ‘deep lore, wisdom’ (See Noldoli). The Gnomish name of Finwл Nуlemл, Golfinweg (p. 115), contains the same element, as must also the name Fingolma given to him in outlines for Gilfanon’s Tale (pp. 238–9).

I Nori Landar (On the ‘World-Ship’ drawing, probably meaning ‘the Great Lands’, pp. 84–5.) For nori see Valinor. Nothing similar to landar appears in QL; GL gives a word land (lann) ‘broad’.

Nornorл In QL this name has the form Nornoros ‘herald of the Gods’, and with the verb nornoro- ‘run on, run smoothly’ is derived from a root NORO ‘run, ride, spin, etc.’. GL has similar words, nor- run‘, roll’, norn ‘wheel’, nыr ‘smooth, rolling free’. The name corresponding to Qenya Nornorл is here Drondor ‘messenger of the Gods’ (drond ‘race, course, track’ and drф ‘wheel-track, rut’); Drondor was later changed to Dronъrin (<Noron r-) and drond to dronn.

Nъmл (On the ‘World-Ship’ drawing.) In QL nъmл ‘West’ is derived from root NUHU ‘bow, bend down, stoop, sink’ other words are nъta- ‘stoop, sink’, nъmeta-, numenda- ‘get low (of the Sun)’, nъmлa ‘in the West’. Gnomish num- ‘sink, descend’, nъmin ‘in the West’, Auranъmin ‘sunset’, numbros ‘incline, slope’, nunthi ‘downward’. Cf. Falassл Nъmлa, Faskala-nъmen, Sirnъmen.

Nъri Name of Fui Nienna: ‘Nъri who sighs’, p. 66. This is given without translation in QL under root NURU, with nъru- ‘growl (of dogs), grumble’, nur ‘growl, complaint’. In Gnomish she is Nurnil, with associated words nur- ‘growl, grumble’, nurn ‘lament’, nurna- ‘bewail, lament’.

Ф (On the ‘World-Ship’ drawing: ‘the Sea’, pp. 84–5.) See Уnen.

Oarni See Уnen.

Olofantur See Lуrien, Fanturi.

Olуrл Mallл For Olуrл see Lуrien. mallл ‘street’ appears in QL under root MALA ‘crush’ (see Balrog); the Gnomish form is mal ‘paved way, road’, and the equivalent of Olуrл Mallл is Malmaurien (see Murmuran).

Уnen The root ’o’o in QL has derivatives Ф, a poetic word, ‘the sea’, oar ‘child of the sea, merchild’, oaris (-ts), oarwen ‘mermaid’, and Ossл the name уwen (antecedent of Уnen in the text, pp. 61, 79) also appears, and evidently means the same as oarwen (for -wen see Urwen). The later form Uinen in the Tales is apparently Gnomish; GL Uґnen ‘Lady of the Sea’. changed late to Uinen. A form Oinen also occurs (p. 211).

In the Valar name-list Уnen is called also Solуrл (see Solosimpi) and Ui Oarista. This latter appears in QL, with the definition ‘Queen of the Mermaids’, together with Uin ‘the primeval whale’ but how these relate to the other names is obscure.

Orc QL ork (orq-) ‘monster, demon’. GL orc ‘goblin’, plural orcin, orchoth (hoth ‘folk, people’, hothri ‘army’, hothron ‘captain’).

Oromл In QL Oromл ‘son of Aulл’ is placed under a root ORO that is distinct (apparently because of the nature of the consonant) from ORO (with meaning of ‘steepness, rising’) given under Kalormл; but these roots are said to be ‘much confused’. This second root yields уrл ‘the dawn, Sunrise, East’, уrлa ‘of the dawn, Eastern’, orontл, oronto ‘Sunrise’, osto ‘the gates of the Sun’, and Ostor ‘the East, the Sun when she issues from her white gates’. It is noted that Oromл should perhaps be placed under the other root, but there is no indication of the connections of the name. In The Hiding of Valinor (p. 214) Oromл has a particular knowledge of the East of the world. His name in Gnomish is Orma; and in the Valar name-list he is also called Raustar, for which see Meбssл.

Oronto (On the ‘World-Ship’ drawing, ‘East’.) See Oromл.

Orossi In the list of fays referred to under Nandini the Orossi are ‘fays of the mountains’, and this name is thus a derivative from the root ORO seen in Kalormл.

Ossл See Уnen. His Gnomish name is Otha or Oth.

Palisor See Palъrien. Palъrien An early entry in QL gives Palurin ‘the wide world’ under a root PALA, whose derivatives have a common general sense of ‘flatness’, among them palis ‘sward, lawn’, whence no doubt Palisor. In GL the corresponding name is Belaurin, B(a)laurin; but she is also called Bladorwen ‘the wide earth, the world and its plants and fruits, Mother Earth’ (related words are blant ‘flat, open, expansive, candid’, blath ‘floor’, bladwen ‘a plain’). See Yavanna.

Poldуrлa Not in QL, but GL gives serval corresponding forms: Polodweg="Tulcus" (polod ‘power, might, authority’); polodrin ‘mighty, also in poetic form Poldurin or Poldorin which is especially used as epithet of Tulcus; Q. Poldуrлa.

Qalmл-Tбri The root is QALA ‘die’, whence qalmл ‘death’, qalin ‘dead’, and other words of the same meaning. Tбri is from TAHA: tв ‘high’, tбra ‘lofty’, tбri ‘queen’, etc.; Gnomish dв ‘high’, dara ‘lofty’, daroth ‘summit, peak’. Cf. Taniquetil.

Qalvanda ‘The Road of Death’ (p. 213). See Qalmл-Tбri. The second element is from root VAHA: whence vв past tense ‘went’, vand- ‘way, path’, vandl ‘staff’, vanwa ‘gone on the road, past, over, lost’ (as in Mar Vanwa Tyaliйva). Cf. Vansamнrin.

Qerkaringa The first element is obscure; for -ringa see Ringil.

Qorinуmi See p. 227. The root is QORO/QOSO, whence qoro- ‘choke, suffocate’, qorin ‘drowned, choked’, etc.

Rбna Not in QL, but GL has Rвn ‘the Moon (Q. Rбna)’ and ranoth ‘month’ (Ranoth was a rejected name preceding Ranuin, p. 222). In the text (p. 192) it is said that the Gods named the Moon Rбna.

Ranuin See Rбna

Ringil QL gives ringa ‘damp, cold, chilly’, ringwл ‘rime, frost’, rin ‘dew’; GL rо ‘coolness’, ring ‘cool, cold, a sudden breeze or cold breath’, and (a later addition) Ringli ‘the arctic colds, the North Pole (see the tale of the Coming of the Ainur)’. Cf. Qerkaringa.

Rъmil This name is not found in either dictionary, but seems likely to be connected with words given in GL: rы and ru ‘secret, mystery ruim ‘secret, mysterious’, rui ‘whisper’, rыm ‘secret, mystery ruim ‘secret, mysterious’, rui ‘whisper’, ruitha ‘to whisper’.

Salmar This name must belong with derivatives of the root SALA salma ‘lyre’, salmл ‘harp-playing’, etc.

Samнrien (‘The Feast of Double Mirth’1, p. 143.) Presumably derive from the root MIRI ‘smile’ sa- is referred to in QL as an ‘intensive prefix’. Cf. Vansamнrin.

Sбri Not in either dictionary, but in QL the root SAHA/SAHYA yields sв ‘fire’, saiwa ‘hot’, Sahуra ‘the South’ GL has sв ‘fire’ (poetic form sai), sairin ‘fiery’, saiwen ‘summer’, and other words.

Sil Under the root SILI QL gives a long list of words beginning with Sil ‘Moon’ and all with meanings of whiteness or white light, but neither Silpion nor Silmaril occurs in it. In GL Sil ‘properly="Rose" of Silpion”, see Tale of the Making of the Sun and Moon, but often used poetically = Whole Moon or Rвn’. In this tale (p. 215) it is said that the fairies named the Moon ‘Sil, the Rose’ (earlier reading ‘the silver rose’).

Silindrin The ‘Moon-cauldron’ does not appear in either dictionary; the nearest form is Silindo in QL, which is a name of Jupiter. See Sil.

Silmarilli See Sil. In GL the equivalent of ‘Q. Silmaril’ is silubrill– (silum(b)aril-), plural silubrilthin (which occurs in the text, p. 138); a later addition compares brithla ‘pearl’, Qenya marilla (not in QL). The Tower of Pearl was named in Gnomish Tirimbrithla.

Silmo See Sil. In QL Silmo is translated ‘the Moon’, and in GL Silmo is given as the Gnomish equivalent of Qenya Silmo.

Silpion See Sil. The Gnomish names are Silpios or Piosil, but no meaning is given.

Silubrilthin See Silmarilli.

Sirion QL root SIRI ‘flow’, with derivatives sindi ‘river’ (cf. Kelusindi) sirл ‘stream’, sнrima ‘liquid, flowing’. In GL are given sоr ‘river siriol ‘flowing’, and Sirion (poetic word) ‘river, properly name of the famous magic river that flowed through Garlisgion and Nantathrir’ (Garlisgion ‘the Place of Reeds’ survived in Lisgardh ‘the land of reeds at the Months of Sirion’, Unfinished Tales p. 34. Cf. Sirnъmen, and the name it replaced, Numessir.

Sirnъmen See Sirion, Nъmл.

Solosimpi QL gives Solosimpл ‘the Shoreland Pipers’, of which the first element is from root SOLO: solmл ‘wave’, solor, solossл ‘surf, surge’ (cf. Solуrл name of Уnen), and the second from SIPI ‘whistle, pipe’: simpa, simpina ‘pipe, flute’, simpisл ‘piping’, simpetar ‘piper’. In GL the Gnomish name of the Solosimpi is Thlossibin or Thlossibrim, from thloss ‘breaker’, with a variant Flossibrim. The word floss is said to have been formed from thloss by influence of flass ‘seamarge, surf; margin, fringe’.

Sorontur Derived from a root SORO ‘eagle’: sor, sornл ‘eagle’, sornion ‘eyrie’, Sorontur ‘King of Eagles’. For -tur see Meril-i-Turinqi. The Gnomish forms are thorn ‘eagle’, thrond ‘(eyrie), pinnacle’, Thorndor and Throndor ‘King of E1agles’.

Sъlimo In QL under the three root-forms SUHYU, SUHU, SUFU ‘air, breathe, exhale, puff’ are given sы ‘noise of wind’, sъlimл ‘wind’, and Sъlimi, -o ‘Vali of Wind="Manwл" and Varda’. This probably means that Manwл was Sъlimo and Varda Sъlimi, since Varda is called Sъltha ‘blow (of wind)’, but Manwл’s wind-name is Saulmoth (saul ‘a great wind’), which is said to be an older form of later Solmoth; and this‘="Q." Sъlimi. GL has sы ‘noise of wind’, sъltha ‘blow (of wind’, but Manwл’s wind-name is Saulmoth (saul ‘a great wind’), which is said to be an older form of later Solmoth; and this ‘="Q." Sъlimo’.

In Gnomish he is also called Gwanweg (gwб ‘wind’, gwam ‘gust of wind’), often combined with Man (See Manwл) as Man ’Wanweg="Q." Manwл Sъlimo. The root GW appears in QL: wв ‘wind’, wanwa ‘great gale’, wanwavoitл ‘windy’ and in the Valar name-list Manwл and Varda are together called Wanwavoisi.

Sъruli See Sъlimo. Sъruli is not in QL, but GL has Sulus (plurals Sulussin and Suluthrim) ‘one of Manwл’s two clans of air-spirits, Q. Sъru plural Sъruli’.

Talka Marda This title of Aulл, translated in the text (p. 180) as ‘Smith of the World’, is not found in QL, but GL gives ‘Martaglos, correctly Maltagros, title of уla, Smith of the World’ as the equivalent of Qenya Talka Marwa; also tagros, taglos ‘smith’. He is also called уla Mar; and in the Valar name-list Aulл Mar. (Long afterwards this title of Aulл reappeared. In a very late note he is given the name mbartan ‘world-artificer’ > Quenya Martamo, Sindarin Barthan.)

Taniquetil Under the root TAHA (see Qalmл-Tбri) Taniqetil is given in QL with the meaning ‘lofty snowcap’. The second element is from root NIQI (ninqл ‘white’, niqis ‘snow’, niqetil ‘snowcap’ cf. nieninqл ‘white tear’ (snowdrop) in entry Nнeliqui).

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