Текст книги "The Complete Stories (forword by John Updike)"

Автор книги: Франц Кафка

сообщить о нарушении

Текущая страница: 33 (всего у книги 33 страниц)

A Hunger Artist

"Ein Hungerkunstler," written in the spring of 1922, was first issued in Die Neue Rundschau,edited by Rudolf Kayser, published by S. Fischer Verlag, October 1922. Included in the collection Ein Hungerk ü nstler. Vier Geschichten,published by Verlag Die Schmiede, Berlin, 1924 (Die Romane des XX. Jahrhunderts). The volume comprises, besides the title story, "First Sorrow," "A Little Woman," and "Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse Folk." Kafka read the proofs of the first signature; the book appeared after his death (Briefe,p. 519, note 9). Erz ä hlungen(Schocken B1 and C5), pp. 255-68. Penal Colony(Schocken D3), pp. 243-56.

Investigations of a Dog

"Forschungen eines Hundes," written probably in the spring of 1922, was first published in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer,pp. 154-211, and reprinted in Beschreibung eines Kampfes(Schocken Bv), pp. 233-78. Great Wall of China(Schocken D1), pp. 1-43. The story "is virtually complete" (E. Muir, Introductory Note to the first English edition, p. xvii).

A Little Woman

"Eine kleine Frau," written toward the end of 1923, was included in Bin Hungerkünstler (q.v.), Erz ä hlungen(Schocken B1 and C5), pp.244-54. Penal Colony(Schocken D3), pp. 234-43.

At the end of September 1923, Kafka, with his companion Dora Dymant, moved to Berlin-Steglitz. "There was written the comparatively happy story, 'A Little Woman.' The 'little woman-judge' who lives her life in constant anger with her own 'ego,' which is really a stranger to her, is none other than their landlady." (Max Brod, Franz Kafka,p. 197).

The Burrow

"Der Bau," written in the winter of 1923-24, was first published in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer,pp. 77-130, and reprinted in Beschreibung ernes Kampfes(Schocken Bv), pp. 172-214. The end of the story was lost. Great Wall of China(Schocken D1), pp. 44-82. The story "is virtually finished" (E. Muir, Introductory Note to the first English edition, p. xvii).

Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse Folk

"Josephine, die Sängerin, oder Das Volk der Mäuse," written in the spring of 1924, is Kafka's last finished work. It was first published in the Prager Presse,April 20, 1924 (Easter edition), and included in Bin Hungerkünstler (q.v.). Erz ä hlungen(Schocken B1 and C5), pp. 268-91. Penal Colony(Schocken D3), pp. 256-77.

The Shorter Stories

The first eighteen stories (from "Children on a Country Road" to "Resolutions") were written between 1904 and 1912. In 1908, Kafka published eight pieces, selected from this group, entitled "Betrachtung," in the bimonthly Hyperion,vol. I, edited by Franz Blei and Carl Sternheim. It was Kafka's first publication. In 1910, he selected five more pieces for publication in the Prague daily Bohemia(March 27). "The Trees," "Clothes," and "Excursion into the Mountains" are taken from "Description of a Struggle" (Schocken D8), pp. 84, 89 f., and 36 f. "Children on a Country Road" is taken from the same story, chap. II of version B, a section not included in the version of "Description of a Struggle" reprinted in this volume. The first version of "Bachelor's Ill Luck" appeared in Diaries,November 14, 1911. "The Sudden Walk": see the entry in the Diaries,January 5, 1912. "Resolutions": see the text in Diaries,February 5, 1912. The entire group appeared, in a sequence established by Kafka, under the title Betrachtung(Leipzig: Rowohlt Verlag, 1913) – Erz ä hlungen(Schocken C5), pp. 23-50. Penal Colony(Schocken D3), pp. 21-45 ("Meditation").

Kafka's own sequence in the collection "Meditation" is as follows: "Children on a Country Road"; "Unmasking a Confidence Trickster"; "The Sudden Walk"; "Resolutions"; "Excursion into the Mountains"; "Bachelor's Ill Luck"; "The Tradesman"; "Absent-minded Window-gazing"; "The Way Home"; "Passers-by"; "On the Tram"; "Clothes"; "Rejection"; "Reflections for Gentlemen-Jockeys"; "The Street Window"; "The Wish to Be a Red Indian"; "The Trees"; "Unhappiness."

Diaries,August 15, 1912: "Again read old diaries instead of keeping away from them. I live as irrationally as is at all possible. And the publication of the thirty-one pages is to blame for everything. Even more to blame, of course, is my weakness, which permits a thing of this sort to influence me."

Diaries,August 11, 1912: "Now, after the publication of the book, I will have to stay away from magazines and reviews even more than before, if I do not wish to be content with just sticking the tips of my fingers into the truth."

The next fifteen stories (from "A Dream" to "The Cares of a Family Man") were written between 1914 and 1917. Some were originally published in Das j ü dische Prag,the periodicals Marsyas(Berlin) and Selbstwehr(Prague). In 1919, Kurt Wolff Verlag (Munich and Leipzig) published a collection of Kafka stories, Bin Landarzt. Kleine Erzahlungen,which contains this group of stories (except "The Bridge," "The Bucket Rider," "The Knock at the Manor Gate," "My Neighbor," and "A Crossbreed" ["A Sport"]). "Jackals and Arabs" ("Schakale und Araber"), written early in 1917, was first published in the monthly Der Jude,edited by Martin Buber, vol. II (October 1917), pp. 488 ff., and in Neue deutsche Erz ä hler,edited by J. Sandmeier, vol. I (Berlin: Furche Verlag, 1918). The longer stories "A Country Doctor" (the title story) and "A Report to an Academy" (included by Kafka in Bin Landarzt)are reprinted in the first section of the present volume. Erz ä hlungen(Schocken C5), pp. 133-77; Penal Colony(Schocken D3), pp. 135-84, with the addition of "The Bucket Rider" (pp. 184-87), which Kafka intended for Ein Landarztand later withdrew from it.

Kafka's own sequence for the collection "A Country Doctor" is as follows: "The New Advocate"; "A Country Doctor"; "Up in the Gallery"; "An Old Manuscript"; "Before the Law"; "Jackals and Arabs"; "A Visit to a Mine"; "The Next Village"; "An Imperial Message"; "The Cares of a Family Man"; "Eleven Sons"; "A Fratricide"; "A Dream"; "A Report to an Academy"; "The Bucket Rider."

Kafka to Brod on "Eleven Sons": "The eleven sons are quite simply eleven stories I am working on this very moment" (Max Brod, Franz Kafka, p.140).

"The Bridge," "The Knock at the Manor Gate," "My Neighbor," and "A Crossbreed ["A Sport"] were first published in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer,then in Beschreibung eines Kampfes(Schocken Bv and C8). Great Wall of China(Schocken D1).

Of the last group of twenty-two stories, written between 1917 and 1923, only one, "First Sorrow," was published by Kafka. "Erstes Leid," probably written between the fall of 1921 and the spring of 1922, appeared in Kurt Wolff Verlag's art periodical Genius,III, No. 2 (1921; actually, 1922). It is included in Bin Hungerkünstler. Vier Geschichten(see note on "A Hunger Artist"). Erz ä hlungen(Schocken C5), pp. 241-43. Penal Colony(Schocken D3), pp. 231-34.

The next five stories ("A Common Confusion" to "The City Coat of Arms") first appeared in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer;the following three ("Poseidon," "Fellowship," and "At Night") were first issued in Beschreibung eines Kampfes(Schocken Av, Bv). The first publication of "The Problem of Our Laws" was in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer(pp. 29-32). The following five stories (from "The Conscription of Troops" to "The Top") appeared first in Beschreibung eines Kampfes(Schocken Av, Bv). "A Little Fable" was first issued in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer(p. 59); "Home-Coming," "The Departure," and "Advocates" in Beschreibung eines Kampfes(Schocken Av, Bv); "The Married Couple" in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer(pp. 66-73); "Give it Up!" in Beschreibung eines Kampfes(Schocken Av, Bv); and "On Parables" in Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer(pp. 36 f.). English translations appeared in Great Wall of China(Schocken D1), Penal Colony(Schocken D3), and Description of a Struggle(Schocken D8).

Diaries,June 21, 1913: "The tremendous world I have in my head. But how free myself and free it without being torn to pieces. And a thousand times rather be torn to pieces than retain it in me or bury it. That, indeed, is why I am here, that is clear to me." March 26, 1912: "Only not to overestimate what I have written, for in that way I make what is to be written unattainable."

CHRONOLOGY

1883 Born in Prague, July 3, son of Hermann (1852-1931) and Julie ( n é eLöwy) (1856-1934).

1889-93 Elementary school at Fleischmarkt.

1889,1890,1892 Birth of sisters Elli, Valli, Ottla. Two younger brothers died in infancy.

1893-1901 German gymnasium, Prague; friendship with Oskar Pollak. Family resides in Zeltnergasse.

ca. 1899-1900 Reads Spinoza, Darwin, Nietzsche. Friendship with Hugo Bergman.

1899-1903 Early writings (destroyed).

1901-6 Study of German literature, then law at German University, Prague; partly in Munich. Influenced by Alfred Weber's critical analysis of industrial society.

1902 Vacation in Schelesen and Triesch, with uncle Dr. Siegfried Löwy (the "country doctor"). Met Max Brod; friendship with Felix Weltsch and Oskar Baum.

1903 Working on a novel The Child and the City(lost).

1904-5 "Description of a Struggle." Reads diaries, memoirs, letters: Byron, Grillparzer, Goethe, Eckermann.

1905-6 Summers in Zuckmantel. Love affair with an unnamed woman. Meetings with Oskar Baum, Max Brod, Felix Weltsch.

1906 Works in the law office of Richard Löwy, Prague.

June: Gets degree of doctor juris at German University, Prague.

From October: One year's internship in the law courts.

1907-8 "Wedding Preparations in the Country" (fragments of a novel).

1907 October: Position with "Assicurazioni General!," Italian insurance company. Family moves to Niklas-Strasse.

1908 Position at the semi-governmental Workers' Accident Insurance Institute (until retirement, July 1922). Close friendship with Max Brod.

Writes "On Mandatory Insurance in the Construction Industry."

1909 Publication of eight prose pieces in Hyperion.

September: At Riva and Brescia with Max and Otto Brod. Writes "The Aeroplanes at Brescia."

1910 Member of circle of intellectuals (Mrs. Berta Fanta).

March: Publication of five prose pieces in Bohemia.

May: Beginning of the Diaries(quarto notebooks; last entry, June 12, 1923).

Yiddish theater company from Eastern Europe performs.

October: Paris, with Max and Otto Brod.

December: Berlin.

1911 January-February: Business trip to Friedland and Reichenberg.

Summer: Zurich, Lugano, Milan, Paris (with Max Brod). Plans to work with Brod on a novel, "Richard and Samuel."

Alone in a sanatorium in Erlenbach near Zurich. Travel diaries.

Writes "Measures to Prevent Accidents [in Factories and Farms]" and "Workers' Accident Insurance and Management."

1911-12 Winter: Yiddish theater company. Friendship with Yiddish actor Isak Löwy; study of Jewish folklore; beginning of a sketch on Löwy.

1911-14 Working on Amerika(main parts written 1911-12).

1912 First studies of Judaism (H. Graetz, M. I. Pines).

February: Gives lecture on the Yiddish language.

July: Weimar (Goethe's town, with Max Brod), then alone in the Harz Mountains (Sanatorium Just). Meets Ernst Rowohlt and Kurt Wolff, joint managers of Rowohlt Verlag.

August 13: Meets Felice Bauer from Berlin, in the house of Max Brod's father in Prague.

August 14: Manuscript of Meditationsent to the publisher.

September 20: Beginning of correspondence with Felice Bauer.

September 22-23: "The Judgment" written.

September-October: Writes "The Stoker" (or "The Man Who Disappeared") which later became first chapter of Amerika.

October 1912 to February 1913: Gap in the diaries.

November: "The Metamorphosis" written.

1913 January: Publication of Meditation.

February 1913 to July 1914: Lacuna in productivity.

Easter: First visit to Felice Bauer in Berlin.

Spring: Publication of The Judgment.

May: Publication of "The Stoker."

September: Journey to Vienna, Venice, Riva. At Riva, friendship with "the Swiss girl."

November: Meeting with Crete Bloch, friend of Felice Bauer. Beginning of correspondence with her. [She becomes mother of his son, who died before reaching the age of seven, and of whom K. never knew.]

1914 Easter: In Berlin.

April: Engagement to Felice Bauer in Berlin.

July 12: Engagement broken.

Summer: "Memoirs of the Kalda Railroad" written. Hellerau, Lübeck, Marienlyst on the Baltic (with Ernst Weiss).

October: "In the Penal Colony" written.

Fall: Begins writing The Trial.

Winter: "Before the Law" (part of The Trial)written.

1915 January: Renewed meeting with Felice Bauer (in Bodenbach).

Continues working on The Trial.

Receives Fontane Prize for "The Stoker."

February: Moves from parents' home into rented rooms: Bilekgasse and Langengasse.

Journey to Hungary with sister Elli.

November: Publication of The Metamorphosis.

December (and January 1916): "The Village Schoolmaster" ["The Giant Mole"] written.

Meets Georg Mordecai Langer.

1916 July: Meeting with Felice Bauer in Marienbad.

August 20: Draws up a list of reasons for and against marriage.

Stories written, later collected in A Country Doctor.

Winter: Bothered by noise, K. moves to remote Alchemists' Lane, Prague.

1917 First half: "The Hunter Gracchus" written.

Learning Hebrew.

Spring: "The Great Wall of China" written.

July: Second engagement to Felice Bauer.

August: Begins coughing blood.

September 4: Diagnosis of tuberculosis. Moves to sister Ottla in Zürau.

September 12: Leave of absence from office.

November 10: Diary entries break off.

End of December: Breaking of second engagement to Felice Bauer.

Fall and winter: Aphorisms written (octavo notebooks).

1918 January to June: Zürau. Reading Kierkegaard.

Spring: Aphorisms continued.

Prague, Turnau.

November: Schelesen. Meets Julie Wohryzek, daughter of a synagogue custodian. A project for "The Society of Poor Workers," an ascetic society.

1919 January 10: Diary entries are resumed.

Schelesen; Spring: Again in Prague.

[Spring: Felice Bauer married.]

Spring: Engagement to Julie Wohryzek (broken November 1919).

May: Publication of In the Penal Colony.

Fall: Publication of A Country Doctor.

November: "Letter to His Father" written.

Winter: "He," collection of aphorisms, written. Schelesen, with Max Brod.

1920 January 1920 to October 15, 1921: Gap in diaries.

Sick leave from Workers' Accident Insurance Institute. Meran.

End of March: Meets Gustav Janouch. Meran.

Meets Milena Jesenská-Pollak, Czech writer (Vienna). Correspondence.

Summer and fall: Prague. Writing stories.

December: Tatra Mountains (Matliary). Meets Robert Klopstock.

1921 October 15: Note in diary that K. had given all his diaries to Milena.

[Kafka's son by Crete Bloch dies in Munich.]

Until September: Tatra Mountains sanatorium; then Prague; Milena.

1921-24 Stories written, collected in A Hunger Artist.

1922 January to September: The Castlewritten.

February: Prague.

Spring: "A Hunger Artist" written.

May: Last meeting with Milena.

End of June to September: In Planá on the Luschnitz with sister Ottla. Prague.

Summer: "Investigations of a Dog" written.

1923 Prague.

July: In Müritz (with sister Elli); in a vacation camp of the Berlin Jewish People's Home, meets Dora Dymant [Diamant].

Prague, Schelesen (Ottla).

End of September: With Dora Dymant in Berlin-Steglitz; later moves, with Dora, to Grunewaldstrasse.

Attends lectures at the Berlin Academy (Hochschule) for Jewish Studies.

Winter: "The Burrow" written.

K. and Dora move to Berlin-Zehlendorf.

A Hunger Artistsent to publisher.

1924 Spring: "Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse Folk" written.

Brought as a patient from Berlin to Prague.

April 10: To Wiener Wald Sanatorium, Professor Hajek's clinic in Vienna; then sanatorium in Kierling, near Vienna (with Dora Dymant and Robert Klopstock).

June 3: Death in Kierling; burial June 11, in the Jewish cemetery in Prague-Straschnitz.

Publication of A Hunger Artist.

1942 Death of K.'s sister Ottla in Auschwitz. The other two sisters also perished in German concentration camps.

1944 Death of Crete Bloch at the hands of a Nazi soldier.

Death of Milena in a German concentration camp.

1952 August: Death of Dora Dymant in London.

1960 Death of Felice Bauer.

SELECTED WRITINGS ON KAFKA

Adorno, Theodor W. "Aufzeichnungen zu Kafka," Die Neue Rundschau,LXIV (1953).

Anders, Günther. Kafka -– Pro und Contra. Die Prozess-Umerlagen.Munich, 1951.

–. "Reflections on My Book 'Kafka-Pro und Contra,' " Mosaic(Manitoba), III, No. 4 (1970).

Asher, J. A. "Turning Points in Kafka's Stories," The Modern Language Review,LVII (1962).

Auden, W. H. "K's Quest." In The Kxfka Problem,ed. A. Flores. New York, 1946.

Bauer, Roger. "Kafka à la lumière de la religiosité juive," Dieu vivant,IX (1947).

Baum, Oskar. "Erinnerungen an Franz Kafka," Literarische Welt,IV (1928).

Beck, Evelyn T. Kafka and the Yiddish Theater: Its Impact on His Work,Madison, Wisc., 1971. (Dissertation.)

Benjamin, Walter. "Franz Kafka: On the Tenth Anniversary of His Death" and "Some Reflections on Kafka." In Illuminations,ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. Harry Zohn. New York, 1969.

Bense, Max. Die Theorie Kafkas.Cologne and Berlin, 1952.

Bergman, S. Hugo. "Franz Kafka," Orot,VII (1969). In Hebrew.

Binder, Hartmut. Motiv und Gestaltung bei Franz Kafka.Bonn, 1966.

Bin Gurion, Emanuel. "Al Kafka," Moznayim,1943. In Hebrew.

Blanchot, Maurice. "Kafka." In La Part du feu.Paris, 1949.

–. "La solitude essentielle," La Nouvelle Revue Fran ç aise,I (1953).

Borges, Jorge Luis. "Kafka and His Precursors." In Labyrinths.New York, 1964.

Born, Jürgen. "Franz Kafka und seine Kritiker." In Kafka Symposion.Berlin, 1965.

–. "Kafka's Parable 'Before the Law': Reflections Towards a Positive Interpretation," Mosaic(Manitoba), III, No. 4 (1970).

Braybrooke, Neville. "The Geography of the Soul: St. Teresa and Kafka," The Dalhousie Review,1959.

Brod, Max. "Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Kafka," Prisma,XI (1947).

–. Franz Kafkas Glauben und Lehre.Winterthur, 1948.

–. "Kleist und Kafka," Welt und Wert(Munich), February 1949.

–. Franz Kafka als wegweisende Gestalt.St. Gallen, 1951.

–. "Kafka, pro und contra," Neue Schweizer Rundschau(Zurich), May 1952.

Buber, Martin. "Ein Wort über Franz Kafka." In Kampf um Israel.Berlin, 1933.

–. "Kafka and Judaism." In Kafka: A Collection of Critical Essays,ed. R. Gray. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962.

Buber-Neumann, Margarethe. Mistress to Kafka: The Life and Death of Milena.London, 1966.

Camus, Albert. "Hope and Absurdity." In The Kafka Problem,ed. A. Flores. New York, 1946.

Carrouges, Michel. Kafka versus Kafka,trans, from the French by Emmet Parker. University, Ala., 1968.

Clive, Geoffrey. "The Breakdown of Romantic Enlightenment: Kafka and Dehumanization." In The Romantic Enlightenment: Ambiguity and Paradox in the Western Mind (1750-1920).New York, 1960.

Cohn, Dorrit. "K. enters The Castle," Euphorion,LXII (1968).

Demetz, Peter. "Kafka in England," German Life and Letters,I (1950-51)

–. "Kafka, Freud, Husserl: Probleme einer Generation," Zeitschrift f ü r Religions – und Geistesgeschichte,VII (1955).

Dentan, Michel. Humour et Cré ation Litté raire dans l'Oeuvre de Kafka.Geneva and Paris, 1961.

Dietz, Ludwig. "Drucke Franz Kafkas bis 1924." In Kafka Symposion.Berlin, 1965.

Dymant, Dora. "Ich habe Franz Kafka geliebt." Die neue Zeitung,August 18, 1948.

Eisner, Paul. Franz Kafka and Prague.New York, 1950.

Emrich, Wilhelm. "Die poetische Wirklichkeitskritik Franz Kafkas," Orbis Literarum,IV (1956).

–. Franz Kafka.Frankfurt a. M., 1970.

Even-Arie, Yitzhak. "Kafka ve-Goethe," Molad,1949-50. In Hebrew.

Fischel, V. "Or hadash al Kafka," Molad,1954. In Hebrew.

Flores, Angel, ed. The Kafka Problem.New York, 1963.

Fowles, John. "My Recollections of Kafka," Mosaic(Manitoba), III, No. 4 (1970).

Fraiberg, Selma. "Kafka and the Dream." In Modern Literary Criticism,ed. Irving Howe. Boston, 1958.

Friedman, Maurice. Problematic Rebel,rev. ed. Chicago, 1970, passim.

Fromni, Erich. "Kafka's The Trial." In The Forgotten Language.London and New York, 1952.

Fuchs, Rudolf. "Erinnerungen an Franz Kafka." Appendix to Max Brod, Franz Kafka -– eine Biographie.New York, 1946.

Fürst, Norbert. Die offenen Geheimt ü ren Franz Kafkas.Heidelberg, 1956.

Glatzer, Nahum N. "Franz Kafka and the Tree of Knowledge." In Arguments and Doctrines,ed. A. Cohen. New York, 1970.

Goodman, Paul. Kafka's Prayer.New York, 1947.

Gordon, Caroline. "Notes on Hemingway and Kafka," The Sewmee Review,Spring 1949.

Gray, Ronald. Kafka's Castle.Cambridge, England, 1956.

–, ed. 'Kafka: A Collection of Critical Essays.Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962.

Greenberg, Clement. "The Jewishness of Franz Kafka," Commentary,XIX (1955).

Greenberg, Martin. The Terror of Art: Kafka and Modern Literature.New York and London, 1968.

Grenzmann, Wilhelm. "Franz Kafka. Auf der Grenze zwischen Nichtsein und Sein." In Dichtung und Glaube.Bonn, 1957.

Gruenter, Rainer. "Kafka in der englischen und amerikanischen Kritik," Das literarische Deutschland,II (1951).

Gunvaldsen, K. M. "Franz Kafka and Psychoanalysis," University of Toronto Quarterly,XXXII (1963).

Gürster, Eugen. "Das Weltbild Franz Kafkas," Hochland,1951-52.

Haas, Willy. "Prague in 1912," Virginia Quarterly Review,XXIV (1948).

Heldmann, Werner. Die Parabel und die parabolischen Erz ä hlformen bei Franz Kafka.Münster, 1953. (Dissertation.)

Heller, Erich. "The World of Franz Kafka." In The Disinherited Mind.New York, 1959.

–, and Beng, Joachim. Dichter über ihre Dichtungen: Franz Kafka.Munich, 1969.

Henel, Heinrich. "Kafka's Der Bau,or How to Escape from a Maze." In The Discontinuous Tradition(Stahl Festschrift). Oxford, 1971.

Heselhaus, Clemens. "Kafkas Erzählformen," Deutsche Vierteljahresschrift f ü r Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte,XXVI (1952).

Hlavácová, J. "Franz Kafkas Beziehungen zu Jicchak Löwy," Judaica Bohemiae,I (1965).

Hodin, J. P. "Memories of Franz Kafka," Horizon,XCVII (1948).

Hoffmann, Leonard R. Melville and Kafka.Stanford, Calif., 1951. (Dissertation.)

Kaiser, Hellmuth. "Franz Kafkas Inferno: Eine psychologische Deutung einer Strafphantasie," Imago,I (1931).

Kazin, Alfred. "Kafka." In The Innermost Leaf: A Selection of Essays,new ed. New York, 1959.

Klingsberg, Ruben. "Milenas Nachruf auf Kafka," Forum,IX (1962).

Klossowski, Pierre. "Kafka Nihiliste," Critique,VII (1948).

Kowal, Michael. Franz Kafka: Problems in Interpretations.New Haven, Conn., 1962. (Dissertation, Yale University.)

Kurzweil, Baruch Benedikt. "Franz Kafka – jüdische Existenz ohne Glauben," Die Neue Rundschau,LXXVII (1966).

Landsberg, Paul L. "Kafka et la métamorphose." In Probl è mes du personnalisme.Paris, 1952.

Lee, Marshall, ed. The Trial of Six Designers,with an essay on The Trialby Kenneth Rexroth. Lock Haven, Pa., 1968.

Lerner, Max. "The Human Voyage." In The Kafka Problem,ed. A. Flores. New York, 1946.

Lesser, Simon O. "The Source of Guilt and the Sense of Guilt – Kafka's 'The Trial,' " Modern Fiction Studies,VIII (1962).

Mann, Thomas. "Dem Dichter zu Ehren: Franz Kafka und 'Das Schloss,' " Der Monat,I, No. 8-9 (1949).

Masini, Ferruccio. "Spiritualità ebraica in Franz Kafka," La Rassegna Menstte di Israel,May 1957.

Meyerhof, H. "Franz Kafka in Amerika," Neues Europa,XXIV (1947).

Moked, Gabriel. Iyyunim be-'ha-Metamorfosis' le-Frants Kafka.Tel Aviv, 1956. In Hebrew.

Mueller, William R. "The Theme of Judgment: Franz Kafka's The Trial."In The Prophetic Voices in Modern Fiction.New York, 1959.

Neider, Charles. The Frozen Sea: A Study of Franz Kafka.New York, 1948.

Nemeth, André. Kafka ou le myst è re juif.Paris, 1947.

Ong, Walter J. "Kafka's Castle in the West," Thought,XXII (1947).

Parker, Tyler. "Kafka's and Chaplin's 'Amerika,' " The Sewanee Review,1950.

Pasley, Malcolm [J.M.S.]. "Franz Kafka MSS: Description and Select Inedita," Modern Language Review,LVII (1962).

–. "Drei literarische Mystifikationen Kafkas." In Kafka Symposion.Berlin, 1965.

–. "Zur ausseren Gestalt des 'Schloss' Romans." In ibid.

–, and Wagenbach, Klaus. "Datierung sämtlicher Texte Franz Kafkas." In ibid.

Politzer, Heinz. Franz Kafka, Parable and Paradox.Ithaca, N.Y., 1962.

–. "Franz Kafka's Languages," Modern Fiction Studies,VIII (1962).

–. Das Kafka-Buch. Eine innere Biographie in Selbstzeugnissen.Frankfurt a. M., 1966.

Preisner, Rio. "Franz Kafka and the Czechs," Mosaic(Manitoba), III, No. 4 (1970).

Raabe, Paul. "Franz Kafka und Franz Blei." In Kafka Symposion.Berlin, 1965.

Rahv, Philip. "Death of Ivan Ilyich and Joseph K." In Image and Idea,rev. ed. New York, 1957.

–. "An Introduction to Kafka." In ibid.

Reiss, Hans Siegbert. "Franz Kafka's Conception of Humor," The Modern Language Review,XLIV (1949).

–. "Recent Kafka Criticism," German Life and Letters,IV (1956).

Rexroth, Kenneth. SeeLee, Marshall.

Richter, H. Franz Kafka.Berlin, 1962.

Robert, Marthe. "Zu Franz Kafkas Fragment 'In unserer Synagoge,' " Merkur,II (1948).

–. "L'humour de Franz Kafka," Revue de la Pens é e Juive,1951.

–. "Dora Dymants Erinnerungen an Kafka," Merkur,VII (1953).

–. Kafka.Paris, 1960.

Rochefort, Robert. Kafka, ou l'irr é ductible espoir.Paris, 1947 (German translation, 1955).

Sarraute, Nathalie. "De Dostoïevski à Kafka," Les Temps Modernes,1947.

Savage, D. S. "Franz Kafka: Faith and Vocation," The Sewanee Review,Spring 1946.

Schoeps, Hans Joachim. "Theologische Motive in der Dichtung Franz Kafkas," Die Neue Rundschau,LXII (1951).

Seidel, Bruno. "Franz Kafkas Vision des Totalitarismus. Politische Gedanken zu Kafkas Roman 'Das Schloss' und George Orwells Utopie '1984,' " Die Besinnung,I (1951).

Slochover, Harry. "Franz Kafka – Pre-Fascist Exile." In A Franz Kafka Miscellany,2d ed. New York, 1946.

–. "The Use of Myth in Kafka and Mann." In Spiritual Problems in Contemporary Literature,ed. S. R. Hopper. New York, 1952.

Sokel, Walter H. Franz Kafka -– Tragik und Ironie.Munich and Vienna, 1964.

–. Franz Kafka.New York and London, 1966.

Spahr, Blake Lee. "Franz Kafka: The Bridge and the Abyss," Modern Fiction Studies,VIII (1962).

Spilka, Mark. Dickens and Kafka: a mutual interpretation.Bloomington, Ind., 1963.

Susman, Margarete. "Das Hiob – Problem bei Franz Kafka," Der Morgen,V (1929).

Tramer, Hans. "Prague – City of Three Peoples." In Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook,IX. London, 1964.

Tauber, Herbert. Franz Kafka.New Haven, Conn., 1948.

Urzidil, Johannes. "Franz Kafka, Novelist and Mystic," The Menorah Journal,XXXI (1943).

–. "Meetings with Kafka," The Menorah Journal,XL (1952).

–. There Goes Kafka.Detroit, 1968.

Usmiani, Renate. "Twentieth-Century Man, the Guilt-Ridden Animal," Mosaic(Manitoba), III, No. 4 (1970).

Uyttersprot, Herman. Eine neue Ordnung der Werke Kafkas? Zur Struktur von 'Der Prozess' und 'Amerika.'Antwerp, 1957.

Wagenbach, Klaus. Franz Kafka. Eine Biographie seiner Jugend (1883-1912).Bern, s.a. [1958].

–. Franz Kafka in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1964.

[486] FRANZ KAFKA

–. "Julie Wohryzek, die zweite Verlobte Kafkas." In Kafka Symposion.Berlin, 1965.

–. "Wo liegt Kafkas Schloss?" In ibid.

Wahl, Jean. "Kierkegaard and Kafka." In The Kafka Problem,ed. A. Flores. New York, 1963.

Webster, Peter Dow. "A Critical Examination of Franz Kafka's 'The Castle,' " American Imago,VIII (1951).

Weinberg, Kurt. Kafkas Dichtungen. Die Travestien des Mythos.Bern, 1963.

Weiss, Ernst. "Bemerkungen zu den Tagebüchern und Briefen Franz Kafkas," Mass und Wen,I, No. 2 (1937).

Weltsch, Felix. "The Rise and Fall of the Jewish-German Symbiosis: the Case of Franz Kafka." In Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook,I. London, 1956.

–. Religion und Humor im Leben und Werk Franz Kafkas.Berlin, 1957.

Wilson, Edmund. "A Dissenting Opinion on Kafka." In Kafka: A Collection of Critical Essays,ed. R. Gray. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962.

Zinger, M. "Kafka's Hebrew Teacher," Orot,VII (1969). In Hebrew.

Zohn, Harry. "The Jewishness of Franz Kafka," Jewish Heritage,Summer 1964.

Back Cover:

"An important book, valuable in itself and absolutely fascinating. . . The stories are dreamlike, allegorical, symbolic, parabolic, grotesque, ritualistic, nasty, lucent, extremely personal, ghoulishly detached, exquisitely comic. . . numinous and prophetic." – New York Times

"The Complete Stories is an encyclopedia of our insecurities and our brave attempts to oppose them." – Anatole Broyard

Franz Kafka wrote continuously and furiously throughout his short and intensely lived life, but only allowed a fraction of his work to be published during his lifetime. Shortly before his death at the age of forty, he instructed Max Brod, his friend and literary executor, to burn all his remaining works of fiction. Fortunately, Brod disobeyed.

The Complete Stories brings together all of Kafka's stories, from the classic tales such as "The Metamorphosis," "In the Penal Colony" and "The Hunger Artist" to less-known, shorter pieces and fragments Brod released after Kafka's death; with the exception of his three novels, the whole of Kafka's narrative work is included in this volume. The remarkable depth and breadth of his brilliant and probing imagination become even more evident when these stories are seen as a whole.

This edition also features a fascinating introduction by John Updike, a chronology of Kafka's life, and a selected bibliography of critical writings about Kafka.