Текст книги "Alexander I, Ivan F. Kruzenshtern, Yuri F. Lisyansky, Nikolai P. Rezanov. Polycentrism of a successful project. Essay (СИ)"

Автор книги: Vladimir Zalesski

сообщить о нарушении

Текущая страница: 2 (всего у книги 5 страниц)

Is this not an example of steadfastness and courage of Russian seafarers making the first round-the-world voyage ?!

«Thus, we have completed a very long voyage straight from the Canton, without entering into the ports. At the same time, the people on my ship were perfectly healthy and did not tolerate the slightest disadvantage,» – the commander marked. In the morning he moved out to the shore, and it was warmly accepted by the Governor John Prevost. The next day all the Newspapers reported on the first Russian circumnavigation. On the ship tumbled down crowds of curious British" [2].

I will mark that Francis Drake during a global cruise, having finished «phase of enrichment», after shock of the ship about the rock near Java Island (approximately January 9-10, 1580) was stimulated to throw out overboard the considerable number of loads including fighting supplies. Perhaps, among the loads thrown overboard there were also guns. Drake managed to to get off from the rock. Then after a stop in Java, with partly unarmed ship Drake proceeded to Plymouth, trying not to stop and not to meet with the ships.

Drake nevertheless has stopped near the African coast for search of water .

Doesn't raise doubts that Yu. F. Lisyansky was familiar with the history of a global cruise of Francis Drake which has been carried out in 1577-1580.

'Neva' followed to England, having passed near coast of Java.

Thus, Yu. F. Lisyansky partly repeated both the trajectory and the format (if possible, of the non-stop – after leaving the Java – navigation) of Francis Drake.

«On the morning of 9 June, the Azores showed up. To the ship „Neva“ under all sails the boat under the English flag hurried. The captain of the boat has reported about a state of war between Russia and France. He has given a pile of newspapers, has shortly told about events in Europe» [2].

As can be deduced, after reading the book by Yu. F. Lisyansky, for some time «Neva» was chasing a large ship, apparently French. However, by this time, Yu. F. Lisyansky knew both «Neva» and the crew of the ship. He reasonably relied on high speed. «Neva» pulled away from the pursuit.

«Being needing of rest and wanting also to correct the ship in some parts, I was forced to stand in the Portsmouth raid for about two weeks. Taking advantage of this time, I decided to go to London, where the public and all my acquaintances showered me with flattering greetings. During our stay in Portsmouth, the ship „Neva“ was visited by many Englishmen, especially ladies who were very interested in seeing the first Russian ship that had made such an important journey.» [8].

About a century and a half after Yu. F. Lisyansky, Chay Blyth committed single-handed non-stop westwards round-the-world voyage . Just like the «Neva», the yacht of Chay Blyth «British Steel» after returning attracted the attention of the British people.

«When I have seen a huge congestion of people on embankment of Hamble, at me have intercepted a throat. I was scary proud and flattered and deeply grateful to all, who wanted to meet me, but I understood and I understand that desire to see me, Chey Blyth, was just one of the reasons that led them there. Not my personality was the main thing, and something another – I kind of personified ability of mankind to throw a challenge to danger and to win. So left that such great honor has fallen to my lot. That is, I floated not for nothing. We need romanticism. Mankind has always been in need of romance ...» [9].

On July 13, 1806 'Neva' has left Portsmouth and on August 5, 1806 has come to Kronstadt.

On August 19, 1806 «Hope» also has come to Kronstadt.

The expedition, in general, has successfully carried out the tasks. The circumnavigations were completed successfully!

6. Completion of the round-the-world expedition and Alexander I. Instead of an epilogue.

«In what we have come admiration when Kronstadt to our eyes has opened! – Korobitsyn shared the last impressions. – (...) In 1/2 9 го to hour we have reached the Kronstadt raid and in distance of 1/2 mile from the harbor have come to anchor. At 9 o'clock we we saluted from the ship for the Kronstadt Fortress 13 th shots of guns, for which we were equally answered with an equal number of shots; walls of the Kronstadt harbor have been filled by a great number of the audience of both sexes, and the ship our the same hour was surrounded coming from Kronstadt boats» [2].

Alexander I "has wished to visit Kronstadt and the «Neva». (...) Early in the morning from St. Petersburg there has arrived Alexander I. He has passed across the main deck, has greeted the officers and sailors. In a cabin of the commander he examined wonders: sinks, corals, wooden hand-made articles, masks from the Russian America. He was surprised to learn that until now on the ship in the barrels there was preserved the corned beef (a salt-cured beef) prepared three years ago.

– And what of it is edible? – Alexander I has asked sickly-sweet.

– Your majesty, yesterday for lunch, the team ate, and all are healthy, – has answered Lisyansky.

– Also it is possible to try?

– All right, your majesty, through a quarter of hour the buffet reception in the saloon will be prepared, – the commander has assured.

– Well Well, we will wait, – Alexander I continued to consider collections, and Korobitsyn has started to prepare a table.

Having tasted corned beef, crackers, the tsar have drunk waters taken in the tropics, and smacked his lips approvingly.

Soon after Alexander I's visit, Yury Fedorovich has learned about the imperial award – the Emperor granted him the order of Vladimir of the 3rd degree. He was urgently caused to St. Petersburg for delivery of an award. The decree read: «In honor of the zealous service of the Captain Lieutenant Lisyansky, and the special works incurred by him in the commission of a safe voyage, by our will, we graciously presented him with the knight of the Order of St. Vladimir of the third degree ...»

After delivery of an award the minister of commerce Rumyantsev announced a financial reward:

– His Imperial Majesty commanded to give you an annual pension from the State Treasury three thousand rubles. But also, – Rumyantsev was coughed kindly – Russian-American Company grants you ten thousand as a sign of your merits before her.

On the same day to him was declared about assignment of a rank of Captain of the 2nd rank. A day passed, and imperial family came from Peterhof – Empress Maria Fedorovna with the great Princes Nicholas and Michael and the great Princesses Catherine and Anna. After survey of the ship, tea was served...

(...)

Lisyansky has handed over the ship and heat has said goodbye to crew. Officers have presented him a gold epee with an inscription on a hilt: "Gratitude of team of the Neva ship' [2].

In general, there is an impression that the emperor Alexander I treated to Yu.F. Lisyansky not badly. Perhaps, concerning the emperor to Lisyansky there was a respect. And, maybe, it was satisfaction with success: I have made the right choice.

Allegedly Napoleon at a meeting with Alexander I in Tilsit it is transparent I have hinted that the German captain Krusenstern headed the first global cruise of the Russian seamen [2]. Probably, the global cruise of 1803 – 1806 disturbed Napoleon; he, maybe, in this event has felt some unpleasant foreshadow.

«Upon returning from cruising, Yuri Fedorovich was announced about a new appointment – the commander of the crews» of all the personal yachts of his Imperial Majesty "[2].

It is possible to assume that some sort of personnel plans were connected with Lisiansky, maybe the emperor expected some kind of request, initiative ...

The Emperor Alexander I, the person of a high position and broad outlook, understood, that circumnavigations of Kruzenstern and Lisyansky – the first round-the-world voyages in the history of Russia – added to his reign more gloss, than many diamonds in his crown.

Perhaps, Yu.F. Lisyansky needed to use a situation and to drift towards scientific structures of the empire.

I.F. Kruzenstern went upon pedagogical, scientific, literary and organizational lines.

«„Really it is necessary to leave the fleet forever?“ During a floating in last campaign he has felt unwell – ached the head, often was sick, but every day he has been seen off on the quarterdeck. Probably, the old contusion received in fight during service in the English fleetmade itself felt» [2].

«In January 1809, Lisyansky resigned from the service, and a month later, the» Decree on the resignation of Yu. F. Lisyansky as captain of the 1st rank " was issued [2].

In March, 1812 Yu.F. Lisyansky has appealed with the letter to Alexander I «to be the godfather of just been born son Alexander» [2].

Not everyone in the bureaucratic structure of the Empire positively treated to Yu. F. Lisyansky. Who is he? From whose's? And whence? «Nobody», and the personality from «nowhere»? From Nizhyn? What's a Nizhyn? These questions may have remained unanswered. Today, we know that with Nizhyn are associated the names of Yu. F. Lisyansky, and Nikolai Gogol, and Sergei Korolev, and many other outstanding, talented people.

The Emperor Alexander I, it seems, didn't left out Yu.F. Lisyansky without the emperor's benevolence.

Yu.F. Lisyansky has written the book about the swimming round the world, has published it at own expense in Russia, then itself has translated her into English, has published in England.

"Success of the book abroad has exerted some impact on thick-headed imperial officials. In 1814 Lisyansky has again appealed to the Admiralty department to accept the Russian edition of his book into the state account. This time the petition has been satisfied" [3].

(«The edition cost 18 500 rubles, the sum for those times huge ...» [2]).

In 1965 in the USSR the diesel the electric ice breaker of the project 97, which has received the name «Yury Lisyansky», has been constructed. The ice breaker continues to work, in 2008 it has got permission to operation till 2017.

In 1974 in Nizhyn, the Chernihiv Region (Ukraine), the monument has been established in the square near the house, where Yu.F. Lisyansky was born, and near church, where Yuri was baptized and where his father served as the archpriest.

In 2008 the Aeroflot airline called one of the Airbus A320 planes (VP BZQ) in honor of Yury Lisyansky.

[10].

«The destiny didn't indulge Lisyansky with glory during lifetime, but seamen didn't forget the explorer. Eight times they „remembered“ Lisyansky, during surveying water areas and coast of the Pacific Ocean, and explorers gave to new discoveries his name. To be fair we will notice that six of them (of assignments of a name of Lisyansky, of Lisianski) belong to the American researchers» [2].

Did not remain I. F. Kruzenshtern without awards during his lifetime and the many memory signs.

On November 6, 1873 in St. Petersburg, opposite to the Sea Corps, the monument to Kruzenstern built on the project of the sculptor I.N. Schröder and the architect I.A. Montigetti has been open. The monument was established on private means, but small financial support managed to be received also from the state.

In honor of I.F. Kruzenstern are called:

Island of Kruzenshtern ( Krusenstern Island),

Kruzenstern Strait (Krusenstern Strait),

Kruzenstern's reef (Krusenstern Reef).

In 1935 the International Astronomical Union has appropriated a name of I.F. Krusenstern to a crater on the visible side of the Moon (Krusenstern (crater)).

His name is born:

Krusenstern (bark) (Kruzenshtern (ship) (barque))

Airbus A320 with number VP BKC of Aeroflot airline bears a name of Ivan Kruzenshtern.

[11].

17 December 2016, 24 December 2016.

List of information sources

[1] Пасецкий В. М. 'Иван Федорович Крузенштерн' М., 1974. (Russian-language publication). (Pasetsky V. M. «Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern». M., 1974.)

[2] Фирсов И. И. 'Лисянский'. М., 2002. (Russian-language publication). (Firsov I. I. Lisyansky. M, 2002.).

[3] Штейнберг Е. Л. 'Славные мореходы Иван Крузенштерн и Юрий Лисянский'. М., 1954. (Russian-language publication). (Steinberg, E. L., "Glorious sailors Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky". M., 1954.).

[4] 'Шлиман, Генрих'.Википедия (рус). (Heinrich Schliemann).

[5] Авадяева Е. Н. '100 великих мореплавателей'. М., 2004. (Russian-language publication). (Avadyaeva E. N. of "100 great seafarers". M, 2004).

[6] Дмитрашко Н. В. 'Ю. Ф. Лисянский и русские кругосветные плавания'. – В кн.: Ю. Ф. Лисянский. 'Путешествие вокруг света на корабле 'Нева' в 1803-1806 годах'. (Russian-language publication). Dmitrashko N. V. "Yu.F. Lisyansky and Russian circumnavigations". – In the book: Yu.F. Lisyansky. "A trip around the world by the Neva ship in 1803-1806". ["A Voyage Round the World in 1803, 4, 5 & 6 in the Ship Neva"].

[7] 'Russian-American Company'. The article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Great Soviet Encyclopedia. The third edition was translated and published into English (1979). Articles from the English edition are made available online. Information in: Wikipedia (en) "Great Soviet Encyclopedia".

[8] Лисянский Ю. Ф. 'Путешествие вокруг света на корабле 'Нева' в 1803-1806 годах'. (Russian-language publication). (Yu.F. Lisyansky. "A trip around the world by the Neva ship in 1803-1806"). ["A Voyage Round the World in 1803, 4, 5 & 6 in the Ship Neva"].

[9] Блайт Ч. 'Немыслимое путешествие'. 1971. (Russian-language publication). ('The Impossible Voyage').

[10] 'Лисянский, Юрий Фёдорович'. Википедия (рус). ('Yuri Fyodorovich Lisyansky').

[11] 'Крузенштерн, Иван Фёдорович'. Википедия (рус). ('Adam Johann von Krusenstern') (Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern).

[12] 'Кругосветные плавания'. Большая Советская Энциклопедия. 1926-1947. Т.35. С. 246-249.(Russian-language publication). ("Circumnavigations". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926-1947). V. 35. P. 246-249).

(...)

To be continued – In accordance with the situation.

Phased translation from Russian into English. Supplementation of translated text, amendment: 14.10.2017 11:48, 15.10.2017 11:14, 16 Oct 2017 12:45, 18 Oct 2017 10:48, 19 Oct 2017 22:48, 20 Oct 2017 12:49, 20 Oct 2017 23:22, 21 Oct 2017 11:29, 21 Oct 2017 23:25.

Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Александр I, И. Ф. Крузенштерн, Ю. Ф. Лисянский, Н. П. Рязанов. Полицентризм успешного проекта. Очерк'.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Zalesski 'Alexander I, Ivan F. Kruzenshtern, Yuri F. Lisyansky, Nikolai P. Rezanov. Polycentrism of a successful project. Essay'. This essay was included in publication (in Russian): «1519-2019. 500 years. From the past to the future. 16 essays about famous explorers, writers, scientists and inventors. Collection», 282 p.,. ISBN 978-5-4483-6197-5 (9785448361975).

Примечание

к 'предварительному' переводу

В процессе перевода необходимо:

1. оптимизировать формулировки,

2. сверить имена, наименования и названия,

3. совершить иные действия, направленные на улучшение текста.

Итак, мы можем условно дифференцировать (выделить) 'начальный' текст и 'нормальный' текст.

'Начальный' текст может существовать до выполнения лицом, переводящим текст, основной работы.

А результат основной работы по переводу – это 'нормальный' текст.

Некоторые читатели заинтересованы в скорейшем получении представления о содержании переводимого произведения.

Такое представление они могут получить, прочитав 'начальный' (или 'первоначальный') текст.

Ориентируясь на таких читателей, автор излагает вариант 'начального' текста в виде приложения.

Возможности 'автоматического' перевода текстов позволяют изложить такое приложение без особых усилий и затрат времени.

Что касается текста 'нормального' уровня, то автор продолжает его подготовку – как и ранее.

В.В. Залесский.

15 октября 2017 г. 20:57

The preface

to the "preliminary" translation

In translation process it is necessary:

1. to optimize wordings,

2. to verify names,

3. to make other actions directed to improvement of the text.

So, we can conditionally differentiate the «initial» text and the «normal» text.

The «initial» text can exist before performance by the person, translating the text,, the main work.

And the result of the main work on the translation is a «normal» text.

Some readers are interested in the fastest receiving the understanding of contents of the literary work, which is translating.

They can gain such understanding, having read «initial» («start») the text.

Being guided by interests of such readers, the author arranges version (variant) of the «initial» («start») text as an annex.

Possibilities of the «automatic» translation of texts allow to organize such an annex with little effort and time expenses.

As for a text of «normal» level, the author continues preparation of translation (in the usual manner).

V.V. Zalessky.

15 Oct 2017 20:57

An annex.

"Initial" text (placed in Internet 15 Oct 2017 20:57).

Александр I, And. Ф. Крузенштерн, Ю. Ф. Лисянский, Н. Item. Рязанов. Полицентризм of the successful project. A sketch

1. And whether was of Washington? The brief foreword

From the date of end of the first Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch) – round-the-world плаваний Крузенштерна and Лисянского – 210 years have passed almost.

About this expedition(dispatch) many works (lists of the literature are written rather таки are given, for example, in the books In. M. Пасецкого and И.И.Фирсова [Пасецкий In. М.] [Фирсов And. И.]).

But, however, known and popular theme has also "'slippery" fragments. Why such fragments exist? The reasons different. One of the reasons – certain "'loyalty" of this or that author to one of the round-the-world seafarers. However, and "'равноудаленность" not always adds of definiteness, clearness, indisputability.

One more of the reasons – tendency to "'фикшионализации" (англ. fiction – fiction) first Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch). Like, the author writes about real events, but – sometimes,maybe, against his(its) will – the heroes become the characters of a legend or fairy tale, and the readers need only to solve, as the businesses actually were.

Like nobody would deny that Ю. Ф. Лисянский met the president of USA Дж. By Washington.

But we open one of the books for children about And. Ф. Крузенштерне also is readable, that the president of USA Джорджем by Washington met ... Крузенштерн. About Ю. Ф. Лисянском in the given episode the book at all does not mention.

We read sated by the information, detailed books Е. Л. Штейнберга and Both. And. Фирсова: the president of USA by Washington met Ю. Ф. Лисянский. And this meeting has taken place in a course enough long многоэпизодного of travel. And. Ф. Крузенштерн as the companion Ю. Ф. Лисянского on this travel till USA is not mentioned [Штейнберг Е. Л.] [Фирсов And. И.].

But new variant. We open the book In. M. Пасецкого. ' Between the seamen, which subsequently it was necessary командовать by the ships of the First Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch), the friendly attitudes(relations) were established. They have visited the president of USA of Washington. On the Russian officers this meeting has made indelible impression ' [Пасецкий In. М.]. Also that: the president of USA met together And. Ф. Крузенштерн and Ю.Ф.Лисянский?

' Having returned in hotel, Лисянский first of all has opened the diary: ' ... the President of Washington обласкал me in such a manner that I till a coffin of life mine should to it(him) remain grateful and always tell, that there was no in light величее of the husband this. Simplicity of his(its) life and favour in manner are those, that in one instant amaze and surprise feelings ' ' [Фирсов And. И.].

The theme has also other "'revolution". Records in a diary Генриха Шлимана the records in a diary Генриха Шлимана records in a diary Генриха Шлимана

' In December, 1850 Генрих Шлиман, having taken with itself of 30 000 dollars in cash (50 000 талеров), through Amsterdams and Liverpool has set off in USA. (...) the Diary Шлимана contains the numerous descriptions, the biographers have proved, that their basis was the newspaper publications. Completely were вымышлены visit to the White house and dialogue with the president of USA Миллардом Филлмором – Шлиман was not neither is so known, nor is so rich, that the president of the united States of America could become interested in him(it) ' [' Шлиман, Генрих '].

September 18, 1867 ' by a steamship ' America ' Шлиман has left in Нью Йорк ... ... Шлиман personally has lead(carried out) marketing research – under a kind of the passenger has travelled roads of the different companies on a route Нью Йорк – Толидо – Clevelend – Chicago. In result it(he) has sold almost all actions(shares) (for the sum of 300 000 dollars), and the obtained sum has enclosed in iron roads. His(its) messages at the same time are doubtful, that it(he) met the president of USA Джонсоном and general Улиссом by the Grant ' [' Шлиман, Генрих '].

The biographers of. Шлимана more or are less amicably consolidated: the meeting with Миллардом Филлмором, ostensibly, is invented Генрихом Шлиманом.. Шлиман was, it appears, by not enough figure.

And officer Ю. Ф. Лисянский not of the highest military grade (at that moment) was a so significant figure, that had an opportunity to meet and to talk to the president of USA.

Let's assume, that the presidents of USA communicate (communicated) with the people of a different social status.

Let's return to the descriptions of the first Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch). Пристрастность of the authors, ambiguity of the stated information: it is "'bad" or "'well"? It is more, probably, "'well", than "'poorly": it means, that to a theme the interest is kept, that the theme continues to excite new generations, that the theme is urgent, is interesting.

Reading the various books about Ю. Ф. Лисянском and And. Ф. Крузенштерне, comparing read, the author has decided(solved) to state some reflections, conclusions, generalization in the given sketch.

The author did not put a task to realize some kind of "'равноудаленность" in relation to two great round-the-world seafarers. Though such "'равноудаленность" – in an ideal – would be desirable. And. Ф. Крузенштерн and Ю. Ф. Лисянский the outstanding people have come in a history as. And. Ф. Крузенштерн has made a lot of useful both for Russia, and for all world, and for a world(global) science during round-the-world navigation 1803-1806 years and after his(its) end. At the same time, if in the given sketch also will be shown certain "'несбалансированность" in relation to the participants of round-the-world expedition(dispatch), such "'несбалансированность" will be, nevertheless, natural: on pharmaceutical weights the information and estimations will not weigh.

2. ' They project to go round around of light ', ' to make more, than Лаперуз '

Whether ' Can imagine, that not were able and not having means to build of court, they project to go round around of light. At them lack of all: can not find for travel neither astronomer, nor scientist, натуралиста, decent doctor. With similar equipment, even if the sailors and the officers were good, with what sense from all it can turn out?.. By one word, they undertake to make more, than Лаперуз, which has encountered considerable difficulties, in spite of the fact that it(he) and his(its) employees had considerably large opportunities. I do not hope, that it should be well terminated, and I shall be rather dissatisfied, if we shall lose dozen rather good officers, which we not so that have a lot of ' (From the letter of the minister военно of sea forces to the Russian ambassador of England. Цит. On: [Фирсов And. И.]).

First in the world the project of round-the-world navigation, probably, has formulated and has presented for consideration Фернан Магеллан on a boundary 1400 х – 1500 х of years (organized Магелланом round-the-world expedition(dispatch) – first in a world(global) history – was held in 1519-1522 years).

Russia was not separated from западно of the European countries by an insuperable wall. By and large, the information on the plans round-the-world плаваний and about realization of these plans reached the inhabitants of Russia.

October 20, 1696 Петр I has lead(carried out) through Боярскую Duma the offer ' to Sea courts to be ... ". This date is nowadays celebrated, as Day of the basis Russian regular военно of a marine sea fleet [Авадяева Е. Н.].

The people having seaworthy knowledge of a high level have appeared, the professional fleet has appeared.

From that time the idea of round-the-world navigation is obvious or латентно was present at minds(wits) of the inhabitants of Empire.

Under the version Both. And. Фирсова the first distinct(clear) project of organization of round-the-world navigation with call on Kamchatka has arisen at вице of the admiral the column Николая Головина in connection with organization of expedition(dispatch) Беринга (1732) [Фирсов And. И.]. In that time the project Н. Головина has not found support.

The round-the-world navigation became real in a reign Екатерины II. Idea has supported Александр Андреевич Безбородко (1747 1799), secretary императрицы. Вице the president of Admiralties of board of the columns Иван Григорьевич Чернышев ' in 1781 began at own expense equipment of round-the-world expedition(dispatch). Командовать by the ship the aide-de-camp лейтенант Григорий Иванович Муловский owed it(him) генеральс. In September, 1787 the ships of expedition(dispatch) ' were in complete readiness for a campaign '. However ' on September 7, 1787 there was a Manifest with the announcement of war of Turkey '. October 4, 1787 the captain 1 го of a rank of. And. Муловский has asked the sanctions to an output(exit) in the sea for the beginning expeditions(dispatch). The answer has not followed. October 28, 1787 there was a decree императрицы about a cancellation of expedition(dispatch). In 1789 during sea battles with the Swedish fleet of. And. Муловский was lost [Фирсов And. И.].

In a number(line) of the references the authors is art домысливают of reflection and experience And. Ф. Крузенштерна, Ю. In. Лисянского, other seamen in connection with (ready to realization, but not holding) expedition(dispatch) of. And. Муловского. If to go on a way of art modeling, it is possible to assume, in first, that has arisen ' синдром Муловского ' (' that that can be broken at last moment '), and, in second, that ' синдром Муловского ' became one of the reasons independent (separately from And. Ф. Крузенштерна) unceasing navigation Ю. Ф. Лисянского from Кантона (China), in Portsmouth (England).

In 1796 the reign Екатерины II was finished. After failure of expedition(dispatch) of. And. Муловского real attempts to organize round-the-world navigation at императрице did not renew.

Екатерину II has replaced at a rudder of the state Павел I. His(its) reign was short enough and inconsistent. The attitudes(relation) with England have become aggravated. Serious attempts to organize round-the-world navigation at it(him) was not undertaken.

March 12, 1801 on Russian престол has entered Александр I.

' Александр I has put the end to the conflict in the attitudes(relations) with England and Spain which has inflamed per last years of a reign Павла I, having signed the simultaneously confidential convention with France. This peace pause, свидетельствовавшая about intention of Russia to be discharged of participation in англо the French rivalry in Europe and to engage in the decision of tasks of the economic life, was used for preparation and realization of measures on strengthening positions of Russia in north of Silent ocean and including for organization of the First Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch) ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

' In 1793. Крузенштерн, Беринг, Лисянский and some other officers of Russian fleet have received business trip in England, длившуюся 6 years ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

Years of life Ивана Фёдоровича Крузенштерна: 1770 – 1846, Юрия Фёдоровича Лисянского: 1773 – 1837. (We shall inform also years of life Николая Петровича Резанова: 1764 – 1807).

In the period "of 'business trip" after various events And. Ф. Крузенштерн has appeared in India, where has met one @. With. Лебедевым, recognized now by one of основоположников востоковедения in Russia.

' Having named Герасимом Степановичем Лебедевым, it(he) began to tell a history of the extraordinary life. (...) Лебедев asked Воронцова to ask a permission to equip three three-mast vessels under Russian flag from Calcutta in St. Petersburg. (...) Крузенштерн long reflected concerning heard. His(its) plan, at first not clear and blurred, accepted more and more distinct(clear) outlines ' [Штейнберг Е. Л.].

' Having returned home, Крузенштерн was going to present the slip to the president Коммерц of board of item. Item. Соймонову (...) ... As it(he) has put forward idea about a parcel(sending) of expedition(dispatch) Муловского, Крузенштерн hoped to find in his(its) person of the adherent ... (...) However Соймонов has left for Moscow and soon has died ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

Speaking about the project And. Ф. Крузенштерна, In. M. Пасецкий marks:

' It(he) is no casual was perceived(recognized) by the contemporaries as памфлет. Maximum сановные of the person of St. Petersburg have not risked completely to report about записках And. Ф. Крузенштерна neither Павлу I, nor Александу I – they were so dangerous by the liberty of ideas. Moreover, they were withdrawn from the documents of government agencies and for the first time are found out in personal archive of the seafarer, when the materials for the scientific biography And were going. Ф. Крузенштерна ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

Here is how describes In. M. Пасецкий that text of the project, which was found out in personal archive of the seafarer: ' ' a Slip to the minister of commerce Соймонову, written onboard a vessel "'Bombay" under a team Гамильтона, with the project of organization of Russian expedition(dispatch) in interests of development of trade and enrichment of the country '. The document represents писарскую a copy of the manuscript in French with editing Крузенштерна (ЦГАВМФ, ф. 14, on. 1, д. 22) ' [Пасецкий In. М.].