Текст книги "Britain's Royal Families"

Автор книги: Элисон Уир

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2  Matilda (1162?– c.1211); she married Henry I, Duke of Louvain and Brabant ( c.1158–1235), and had issue.

Mary’s marriage was annulled in c.1169, and she re-entered the religious life at the Benedictine nunnery of St Austrebert, near Montreuil, France, where she died and was buried in 1182.

King Stephen also had the following illegitimate issue:

By Dameta, a gentlewoman of Normandy:

1  Gervaise, Abbot of Westminster ( c.1115/20–1160).

2  Almaric; he is called a brother of Gervaise in charters.

3  Ralph; he is called a brother of Gervaise in charters.

By unknown mothers:

4  William; he is mentioned only in 17th– and 19th-century genealogies.

5  Sybilla ( d.c.1141); she married Hervey le Breton of Léon, Earl of Wiltshire ( d.1168).

KING STEPHEN

He died on 25 October, 1154, in a monastery at Dover, Kent, and was buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent. His tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

He was succeeded by his second cousin Henry, son of the Empress Matilda.

CHAPTER THREE

The Angevin or Plantagenet Kings of England

When, in 1120, the White Shipsank off Barfleur in Normandy, Henry I lost to the sea, not only four of his children, but also both his legitimate heirs. His second marriage in 1121 produced no issue, and when he died in 1135, his only surviving child was a girl, the Empress Matilda, then wedded to her second husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. Matilda was in Anjou when her father died, and the crown of England was seized by Stephen of Blois, her cousin, in defiance of the oath of allegiance that he and other magnates had taken to Matilda as Henry’s successor. Matilda triumphed only briefly over Stephen, in 1141, when the crown came tantalisingly within her reach, but she alienated by her hauteur and overbearing manner many of her supporters, and eventually had to retire from the conflict. Yet she continued to promote the cause of her son Henry as heir to England, and in 1153, when faced by an invading army led by that young, determined and very capable man, Stephen had to bow to public opinion and name him his successor. Thus came about the Treaty of Wallingford, which passed over the claims of Eustace and William, Stephen’s sons, and recognised that of Henry of Anjou, who succeeded without hindrance to the throne of England the following year, Eustace having died some months previously, which most thought was very fortunate.

Thus was established the Angevin or Plantagenet dynasty. The name ‘Plantagenet’ comes from the sprig of broom flower (Latin: planta genista) that Henry’s father Geoffrey was accustomed to wearing in his hat. That name, however, was not formally adopted by the dynasty until the 15th century, when Richard, Duke of York, was the first to use it as a surname to emphasise his claim to the throne during the Wars of the Roses.

The Plantagenets were a dynamic race, one of the most energetic and brilliant families of rulers the world has known. Reputedly descended from a witch, Melusine, who married an early Count of Anjou then vanished in a puff of smoke when he forced her to attend Mass – a tale the Angevin Kings were fond of relating – they ruled England for over 300 years, and for more than 200 of those years the crown passed, usually peacefully, from father to son. What occurred to break this pattern will be related in the next chapter.

Henry II

FATHER: Geoffrey

Surnamed Plantagenet after the broom flower he wore in his hat, he was the son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou, by Aremburga, daughter of Hélias I, Count of Maine; his sisters were married to a grandson of William I and the son of Henry I. Geoffrey was born on 24 August, 1113, and married the Empress Matilda on 3 April, 22 May or 17 June, 1128, at Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou. He succeeded his father as Count of Anjou in 1129, and was proclaimed Duke of Normandy on 19 January, 1144, after conquering the duchy. He died on 7 September, 1151, at Château du Loire, France, and was buried in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou.

Geoffrey had the following illegitimate issue:

By Adelaide of Angers:

1  Hamelin, who adopted the surname ‘de Warenne’ upon marriage, Earl of Surrey (1129?–1202); he married Isabella de Warenne, daughter-in-law of King Stephen, and had issue.

By unknown mothers:

2  Mary, Abbess of Shaftesbury, Dorset ( d.c.1216).

3  Emma ( d.before 1214?); she married firstly Guy, Sire de Laval ( d.1170/73), and secondly David ap Owen, Prince of East Gwynnedd ( d.1204), and had issue.

MOTHER: Matilda

Christened Adelaide, she adopted the name Matilda on her first marriage. She was the daughter of Henry I by Matilda of Scotland, and she was born in c.February (by August), 1102, either at Winchester or in London. She married firstly Henry V, Emperor of Germany ( d.1125), on 7 January, 1114, at Mainz in Germany, and was crowned there the same day. She was crowned again, with her husband, in 1117, in St Peter’s Basilica, Rome, by the Pope. On 7 April, 1141, having deposed and imprisoned King Stephen in pursuance of her claim to the English throne (she was her father’s rightful heir and Stephen a usurper), she assumed the title ‘Lady of the English’, never officially being styled Queen of England. She was deposed in favour of Stephen on 1 November, 1141, having failed to consolidate her position. Matilda died on 10 September, 1167, at the Abbey of Notre Dame des Prés, near Rouen, Normandy, and was buried firstly in the Convent of Bonnes at Nouvelles; soon afterwards, her remains were moved to Bec Abbey, Normandy, and later to Rouen Cathedral.

SIBLINGS:

1   Geoffrey

He was born on 1 June, 1134, at Rouen or at Argentan, Normandy, and was created Count of Nantes in c.1150. He died unmarried on 26 July, 1158, at Nantes, Brittany, where he was buried.

2   William

He was born on 21 July, or in August, 1136, at Argentan in Normandy or at Angers, France, and was called Count of Poitou. He died unmarried on 30 January, 1164, at Rouen, Normandy, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral.

Henry II did not have any sisters.

HENRY II

Known as ‘FitzEmpress’ or ‘Curtmantle’, he was born on 5 March, 1133, at Le Mans, Anjou. He became Count of Touraine and Maine in 1151, and succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou on 7 September, 1151. He became Duke of Aquitaine in right of his wife on 18 May, 1152. He succeeded his second cousin Stephen as King of England on 19 December, 1154, and was crowned on that day in Westminster Abbey.

Henry II married, on 18 May, 1152, at Poitiers Cathedral, Poitou:

Eleanor

She was the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, by Aenor, daughter of Aimery I de Rochefoucauld, Viscount of Châtellérhault, and she was born around 1120/22, either at the ducal palace in Poitiers, or the Ombriere Palace, Bordeaux, or, according to local tradition, at Belin Castle, Guienne. She succeeded her father as Duchess of Aquitaine and Countess of Poitou on 9 April, 1137. She married firstly Louis VII, King of France ( c.1120/21–1180), on 25 July, 1137, at Bordeaux Cathedral, and had issue:

1  Marie (1145–1198); she married Henry I, Count of Champagne (1127–1181), and had issue.

2  Alice (1150–1197/8); she married Theobald V, Count of Blois ( d.1191), and had issue.

Louis divorced Eleanor on grounds of consanguinity on 18 March, 1152. She was crowned Queen Consort with her second husband Henry II on 19 December, 1154, at Westminster Abbey. Eleanor died on 1 April, 1204, at Fontevrault Abbey, France, where she was buried.

Issue of marriage:

1   William

He was born on 17 August, 1153, at Poitiers, Poitou, and was styled Count of Poitiers. He died in c.April or June, 1156, at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire, and was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire.

2   Henry

He was born on 28 February, 1155, at Bermondsey Palace, Surrey. He was crowned King of England on 14 June, 1170, at Westminster Abbey, during the lifetime of his father, being styled King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou. Thereafter he was known as ‘the young king’. He was again crowned on 27 August, 1172, at Winchester Cathedral. He died on 11 June, 1183, at the house of a burgher, Etienne Fabri, at Martel in Quercy, France, and was buried in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou; his remains were later removed to Rouen Cathedral in Normandy.

Henry married, on 2 November, 1160, at Rouen Cathedral, Normandy:

Margaret

She was the daughter of Louis VII, King of France, by Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile, and she was born early in 1158. She was crowned Queen Consort with her husband on 27 August, 1172, at Winchester Cathedral. After the death of the Young King, she married secondly Bela III, King of Hungary (1148–1196), in 1185/6. She died in 1197 at Acre on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

Issue of marriage:

  (i)   William

He was born on 19 June, 1177, in Paris, and died there on 22 June, 1177.

3   Matilda

She was born in June, 1156, either in London or, less probably, at Windsor Castle. She married Henry V ‘the Lion’, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (1129–1195), on 1 February, 1168, at Brunswick Cathedral, Germany, and had issue:

1  Richenza (1172–1210); she married firstly Geoffrey III, Count of Perche ( d.1202), and had issue, and secondly Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy.

2  Henry, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (1175–1227); he married Agnes ( d.1204), daughter of Conrad of Hohenstaufen, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and had issue.

3  Lothaire (1181–1191).

4  Son (name not known) ( b.& d.1182?).

5  Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Earl of York and Count of Ponthieu (1183?–1218); he married firstly Beatrice of Swabia, daughter of Philip, Emperor of Germany, and secondly Mary, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brabant.

6  William, Duke of Lüneberg and Brunswick (1184–1213); he married Helen, daughter of Waldemar I, King of Denmark.

7  Matilda.

8  Eleanor (?).

9  Gertrude ( d.1197); she married Canute VI, King of Denmark (1163–1202).

10  Ingibiorg (?); she is said to have married Waldemar II, King of Denmark (1170–1241).

Matilda died on 28 June, 1189, at Brunswick in Germany, and was buried in Brunswick Cathedral.

4 RichardI( see here).

5 Geoffrey

He was born on 23 September, 1158, in England, and was styled Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany in right of his wife shortly after 6 September, 1181. He was either trampled to death during a tournament, or died of a fever, on 18 or 19 August, 1186, in Paris, and was buried in the Cathedral of Nôtre Dame, Paris.

Geoffrey married, in July, 1181 (although no record exists as to where):

Constance

She was the daughter of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, by Margaret of Huntingdon, granddaughter of David I, King of Scotland. Constance was born around 1160/62 in Brittany. After the death of Geoffrey, she married secondly Ranulf de Blundeville, 4th Earl of Chester (1172?–1232), on 3 February, 1188. This marriage was dissolved in 1199 after Constance deserted her husband. She married thirdly Guy of Thouars ( d.1213) in 1199 at Angers in Anjou, and had issue:

1  Alice, Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Richmond (1201–1221); she married Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1187?–1250), and had issue.

2  Katherine ( b.1201); she married Andrew de Vitre of Brittany.

Constance died on 3, 4 or 5 September, 1201, at Nantes, Brittany, in childbirth, although some sources say she died of leprosy. She was buried in Villeneuve Abbey, Nantes, Brittany.

Issue of marriage:

  (i)   Eleanor

She was born in 1184, and was styled Countess of Richmond from 27 May, 1208. She spent most of her life in honourable confinement, King John realising that her claim to the throne was superior to his own. She died, perhaps murdered or starved to death, on 10 August, 1241, at Bristol Castle (or, less probably, at Corfe Castle, Dorset), and was buried in St James’s Church, Bristol. Her remains were later removed to Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire.

 (ii)   Matilda

She was born in 1185, and died young.

(iii)   Arthur

He was born on 29 March, 1187 at Nantes, Brittany, and – as his father’s posthumous son – was styled Duke of Brittany from birth. He was styled Earl of Richmond from 18 April, 1199. He is said, with good probability, to have been murdered by order of King John because of his (Arthur’s) superior claim to the throne of England, probably on 3 April, 1203, either at Rouen or Cherbourg in Normandy. He certainly disappeared before Easter, 1203. He was buried at Notre Dame des Prés at Rouen, Normandy.

6? Philip

In 1611, the English antiquarian John Speed claimed in his History of Great Britain that Henry and Eleanor had a son called Philip, who was born between 1158 and 1162, but died young; there is no contemporary evidence for his existence, and Speed may have confused him with Richard I’s bastard son Philip.

7   Eleanor

She was born on 13 October, 1161, at Domfront Castle, Normandy. She married Alfonso VIII, King of Castile (1156–1214), in September, 1177, at Burgos Cathedral, Castile, and had issue:

1  Sancho ( b.& d.1180).

2  Berengaria, Queen of Castile (1181–1234); she married Alfonso IX, King of Léon (1173–1230), and had issue.

3  Urracca (1182–1220); she married Alfonso II, King of Portugal (1185–1223), and had issue.

4  Blanche (1183?–1253); she married Louis VIII, King of France (1187–1226), and had issue.

5  Henry ( b.c.1184; d.young).

6  Ferdinand (1189–1209 or 1211).

7  Eleanor (1190–1253); she married James I, King of Aragon (1205–1276), and had issue. She was divorced in 1229.

8  Constance, Abbess of Las Huelgas, Castile ( d.1243).

9  Sanchia ( d.young).

10  Matilda ( d.young).

11  Henry I, King of Castile (1204–1217); he married Matilda ( d.1257), daughter of Sancho I, King of Portugal. The marriage was later annulled.

12  Constance ( d.young).

Eleanor died on 31 October, 1214, at Burgos, Castile, and was buried there in the Abbey of Las Huelgas.

8   Joan

She was born in October, 1165, at Angers Castle, Anjou. She married firstly William II, King of Sicily (1154–1189), on 13 February, 1177, at Palermo Cathedral, Sicily, and had issue:

1 Bohemond, Duke of Apulia ( b.& d.1181).

Joan was crowned Queen of Sicily on 13 February, 1177, at Palermo Cathedral. She married secondly Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (1156–1222) (who was the son of Constance of France, daughter-in-law of King Stephen), in October, 1196, at Rouen, Normandy, and had issue:

2  Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse (1197?–1249); he married firstly Sanchia, daughter of Alfonso II, King of Aragon, and had issue. They were divorced in 1241. He married secondly Margaret, daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche, by Isabella, widow of King John.

3  Mary or Wilhelmina ( b.1198); she married Berald of Elbine, Prince of Orange.

4  Richard (or, less probably, Bertrand) ( b.& d.1199).

After being veiled as a nun on her deathbed, Joan died on 4 September, 1199, at Fontevrault Abbey, France, either in childbirth or of injuries received in a fire; she was buried at Fontevrault, but her tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution.

9   King John( see here).

Henry II also had the following illegitimate issue:

By Ikenai, called ‘a common prostitute’, but probably the daughter of a knight:

1

Geoffrey (1151/3?–1212), Archbishop of York.

2

William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury (before 1170–1226); he may have been the son of Ikenai, but this is doubtful. He married Ela (1196?–1261), daughter of William FitzPatrick, Earl of Salisbury, and had issue. Ela later became Abbess of Lacock in Wiltshire.

3

Peter, called a brother of Geoffrey.

By Alice (

c

.1170–before 1225), daughter of Louis VII, King of France (she was at that time betrothed to Henry’s son Richard):

4

Daughter (name not known) (

d

. young).

5

Child (name and sex not known) (

d

. young).

6

Child (name and sex not known) (

d

. young).

7

Child (name and sex not known) (

d

. young).

By Nesta, wife of Sir Ralph Bloet or Blewer:

8

Morgan, Provost of Beverley, Yorkshire, and Bishop-Elect of Durham.

By Alice de Porhoët:

9

Child (name and sex not known) (

b

.1168?); its fate is unknown.

By unknown mothers:

10

Matilda, Abbess of Barking, Essex (

d

. by 1202).

11

Hugh of Wells (?), Bishop of Lincoln (

d

.1235).

12

Richard (?).

HENRY II

He died on 6 July, 1189, at Chinon Castle in France, and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, France.

He was succeeded by his son Richard.

Richard I

FATHER: Henry II( see here).

MOTHER: Eleanor of Aquitaine(under Henry II, see here).

SIBLINGS: (under Henry II, see here).

RICHARD I

Known as ‘Coeur de Lion’ (‘the Lionheart’), he was born on 8 September, 1157, at Beaumont Palace, Oxford. He was invested with the duchy of Aquitaine in 1172. He succeeded his father as King of England and Duke of Normandy on 2 September, 1189, being crowned on that day in Westminster Abbey. He was either crowned again, or (less probably) attended a formal crown-wearing on 17 April, 1194, at Winchester Cathedral, following his release from a foreign captivity during the Crusades. Richard I spent only 10 months of his 10-year reign in England.

Richard I married, on 12 May, 1191, at the Chapel of St George, Limassol, Cyprus:

Berengaria

She was the daughter of Sancho VI, King of Navarre, by Beatrice or Sanchia, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile, and she was born c.1163/5 in Navarre. She was crowned Queen Consort on 12 May, 1191, in the Chapel of St George, Lemesnos, Limassol, Cyprus. It has often been said that Berengaria never set foot in England, but this was not so: during her widowhood, she paid several visits to the country of which she had been Queen. In 1230, she founded the Abbey of L’Espan in Le Mans, Anjou, and probably took the veil there as a nun, possibly assuming the name in religion of Juliana. The date of her death is not recorded. She was buried in l’Espan Abbey, Le Mans, France; her remains were removed to Le Mans Cathedral in 1821. There was no issue of her marriage to Richard I.

Richard I had the following illegitimate issue:

By Joan de St Pol (?):

1  Fulk(?).

By an unknown mother:

2  Philip, Lord of Cognac ( d.after 1201); he perhaps married Amelia of Cognac.

RICHARD I

He died on 6 April, 1199, at Chalus in the Limousin, France, of the effects of an arrow wound received during the siege of Chalus. He was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, France.

He was succeeded by his brother John.

King John

FATHER: Henry II( see here).

MOTHER: Eleanor of Aquitaine(under Henry II, see here).

SIBLINGS: (under Henry II, see here).

KING JOHN

Known as ‘Lackland’ or ‘Softsword’, he was born on 24 December, 1166, at Beaumont Palace, Oxford. He was designated King of Ireland in 1177, and created Count of Mortain in 1189. He was styled Earl of Gloucester in right of his first wife from 29 August, 1189. He succeeded his brother Richard I as King of England and Duke of Normandy on 27 May, 1199, being crowned on that day in Westminster Abbey.

John married firstly, on 29 August, 1189, at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire:

Isabella

Also called Hawise, Joan and Eleanor, she was the daughter of William, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester, and she was born before 1176. She was never styled Queen of England, but was divorced before 30 August, 1199, on grounds of consanguinity. There was no issue of the marriage. She married secondly Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and Gloucester (and Sussex?) ( d.1216), between 16 and 26 January, 1214. She married thirdly Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent ( d.1243) around September/October, 1217. Isabella died, probably suddenly, on 14 October or c.18 November, 1217, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent.

John married secondly, on 24 August, 1200, at Bordeaux Cathedral, Gascony:

Isabella

She was the daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice, daughter of Peter de Courtenay, son of Louis VI, King of France, and she was born in c.1187. She was crowned Queen Consort on 8 October, 1200, in Westminster Abbey. She succeeded her father as Countess of Angoulême in the summer of 1202, but was not formally recognised as such until November, 1206. After the death of John, she married secondly Hugh X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche ( d.1249), between 10 March and 22 May, 1220, and had issue:

1

Hugh XI, Count of La Marche and Angoulême (1221?–1250/60); he married Yolande (

d

.1272), daughter of Peter Mauclerk, Count of Brittany, and had issue.

2

Aymer, Bishop of Winchester (

d

.1260).

3

Guy, Lord of Cognac and Archiac (

d.

1264).

4

Henry, Count of La Marche (

d

.1260); he married Yolande of Penthiévre, and had issue.

5

Geoffrey, Lord of Jarnac (

d

. before 1263); he married Joan, Viscountess of Châtellérhault, and had issue.

6

William, Earl of Pembroke and Wexford (1225/30–1296); he married Joan (

d.

1307), daughter of Warin de Munchesni, Lord of Swanscombe, and had issue.

7

Alice (

d

.1256); she married John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (1231?–1304), and had issue.

8

Margaret (

d

.1283); she married firstly Raymond VII, Count of

Toulouse (son of Joan, daughter of Henry II). They were divorced in 1245. She married secondly Aymer, Viscount of Thouars, and thirdly Geoffrey, Seigneur de Châteaubriand.

9

Matilda; she married Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford and 1st Earl of Essex (1200?–1275), and had issue.

10

Isabella (

d.

1299); she married firstly Geoffrey, Seigneur de Taillebourg, and secondly Amaury, Seigneur de Craon.

11

Agatha or Agnes; she married William de Chauvigny, Seigneur de Châteauroux.

Isabella died on 31 May, 1246, at Fontevrault Abbey, France, where she was buried.

Issue of marriage:

1   Henry III( see here).

2   Richard

He was born on 5 January, 1209, at Winchester Castle, Hampshire. He was designated Count of Poitou before 14 August, 1225, and was first so styled on 21 August, 1227. He was created Earl of Cornwall on 30 May, 1227. He renounced the county of Poitou in c.December, 1243. He was elected King of Germany (Almayne) and King of the Romans on 13 January, 1257, and was crowned on 17 May, 1257, at Aachen Cathedral, Germany. He died on 2 April, 1272, at Berkhamstead Castle, Herts., and was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucs.

Richard had the following illegitimate issue:

By Jeanne de Valletort:

1  Richard de Cornwall ( d.after 1280); he married and had issue.

By unknown mothers:

2  Walter de Cornwall.

3  Isabella de Cornwall; she married Maurice de Berkeley, and had issue.

Richard married firstly, on 13 or 30 March, 1231, at Fawley Church, Bucks.:

Isabella

She was the daughter of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, by Isabella, daughter of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and she was born on 9 October, 1200, at Pembroke Castle, Wales. She married firstly Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester (1180?–1230) on 9 October, 1214 or 1217, at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucs., and had issue:

1  Amice (1220?–1284); she married firstly Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon ( d.1245), and secondly Robert of Guines.

2  Richard, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester (1222?–1262); he married firstly Margaret (Megotta) ( d.1237), daughter of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent. He married secondly Matilda ( d.by 1289), daughter of John de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, and had issue.

3  Agnes.

4  Isabella (1226–1254); she married Robert le Brus, Lord of Annandale (1210–1295), and had issue.

5  William (1228–1258).

6  Gilbert ( b.1229); a priest (?).

Isabella died on 15 or 17 January, 1240, at Berkhamstead Castle, Herts., of jaundice contracted whilst in childbed, and was buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire.

Issue of marriage:

(i)

John

He was born on 31 January or 2 February, 1232, at Marlowe-on-Thames, Bucks., and died on 22/23 September, 1233, at Marlowe-on-Thames, Bucks.; he was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire.

(ii)

Isabella

She was born on 9 September, 1233, at Marlowe-on-Thames, Bucks., and died on 10 October, 1234, at Marlowe-on-Thames, Bucks.; she was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire.

(iii)

Henry

He was born on 2, 4 or 12 November, 1235, at Haughley Castle, Suffolk. He was murdered by the sons of Simon de Montfort on 13 March, 1271, either in the Church of St Lorenzo, or the Church of St Silvestro, or the Cathedral of St Nicholas, Viterbo, Italy, and was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucs.

Henry married, on 5 or 15 May, 1269, at Windsor Castle:

Constance

She was the daughter of Gaston VII de Moncada, Viscount of Beam, by Matilda, daughter of Boson de Mastas, Seigneur of Cognac. She married firstly Alfonso, Infante of Aragon (

d

.1260). Constance died in

c

.1299.

(iv)

Nicholas

He was born on 17 January, 1240, at Berkhamstead Castle, Bucks., and died there the same day. He was buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire.

Richard married secondly, on 23 November, 1243, at Westminster Abbey:

Sanchia

She was the daughter of Raymond Berenger V, Count of Provence, by Beatrice, daughter of Thomas I, Count of Savoy; her sister Eleanor was the wife of Henry III. Sanchia was born in c.1225 at Aix-en-Provence, France. She was crowned Queen of the Romans and Queen of Germany with her husband on 17 May, 1257, at Aachen Cathedral, Germany. She died on 5 or 9 November, 1261, at Berkhamstead Castle, Bucks., and was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucs.

Issue of marriage:

(i)

Richard

He was born in July, 1246, at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire; he died there on 15 August, 1246, and was buried at Grove Mile.

(ii)

Edmund

He was born on 26 December, 1249, or 5 December, 1250 at Berkhamstead Castle, Bucks., and was invested as Earl of Cornwall on 13 October, 1272. He died on 24/25 September, or 1 October, 1300, at Ashridge Abbey, Herts., and was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucs.

Edmund married, on 6 October, 1272, at Ruislip Chapel, Middlesex:

Margaret

She was the daughter of Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, by Matilda, daughter of John de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln; her father was the son of Richard of Cornwall’s first wife, Isabella Marshal. Margaret was born around 1249/50. She was either divorced or legally separated from her husband in February, 1293. She died in February, 1313 (or perhaps before 16 September, 1312), and was buried in Chertsey Abbey, Surrey. There was no issue of her marriage to Edmund.

(iii)

Richard

(?)

He may have been born in

c

.1252, although he has perhaps

been confused with Richard de Cornwall, Earl Richard’s illegitimate son. He was killed in 1296, at the siege of Berwick, by iron shot in his head.

Richard married thirdly, on 16 June, 1269, at the Stiftkirche, Kaiserslauten, Germany:

Beatrice

She was the daughter of Dirk II, Count of Falkenburg, by Joan van Loon. (Her parentage is sometimes erroneously given as either (i) Walram de Fauquemont, Lord of Mountjoye, by Jutta, daughter of Otto, Count of Ravensburg, Westphalia, or (ii) Lothaire, Count of Hostade and Dalem, or (iii) Philip von Falkenstein, Arch-Chamberlain of the Empire. She was no connection of any of these.) Beatrice was born in c.1253, probably at Falkenburg Castle, Germany. She died on 17 October, 1277, and was buried in the Church of the Franciscan Friars Minor, Oxford.

3   Joan(under Alexander II, King of Scotland, see here).

4   Isabella

She was born in 1214. She married Frederick II, King of Sicily, and Emperor of Germany ( d.1250), on 20 July, 1235, at Worms Cathedral, Germany, and had issue:

1  Jordan (?) ( b.& d.1236).

2  Agnes ( b.& d.1237).

3  Henry, King of Jerusalem (1238–1253).

4  Margaret (1241–1270); she married Albert I, Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia and Misnes (1240–1315), and had issue.

Isabella was crowned Empress of Germany on 20 July, 1235, at Worms Cathedral. She died on 1 or c.6 December, 1241, at Foggia, near Naples, Italy, in childbirth, and was buried at Andria, Sicily.

5 Eleanor

She was born in 1215. She married firstly William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( c.1190–1231) (brother of Richard of Cornwall’s first wife Isabella) on 23 April, 1224. Notwithstanding a vow of perpetual chastity entered into during her widowhood, she married secondly Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester (1208–1265: killed at the Battle of Evesham), on 7 January or 19 February, 1238, at the King’s Chapel in the Palace of Westminster, and had issue:

1  Henry (1238–1265: killed at the Battle of Evesham).

2  Simon (1240–1271).

3  Guy, Count of Nola (1243?–1288?); he married Margaret, daughter of Aldobrandino Aldobrandeschi, Count of Anguillara, and had issue.

4  Amaury ( d.after 1301); he was a canon at York, but later became a knight.

5  Richard ( d. after 1266).

6  Eleanor (1252–1282); she married Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales (killed 1282), and had issue.

After the death of her husband, Eleanor became a nun at Montargis

Abbey in France. She died on 13 April, 1275, at Montargis Abbey, and was buried there.

King John also had the following illegitimate issue:

By a woman called Suzanne, or by a sister of William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey (Surrey’s sister undoubtedly bore the King a child, but its identity is uncertain):

1

Richard FitzJohn of Dover, Baron of Chilham, Kent (

d

1242/53); he married Rohese (

d

. by 1232), daughter of Fulbert of Dover, and had issue.

By Clementina, wife of Henry Pinel:

2

Joan (

d

.1237); she married Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of Wales (1173–1240), and had issue.

By Hawise, perhaps a member of the de Tracy family:

3

Oliver (

d

.1290); he was killed at the siege of Damietta, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

By unknown mothers:

4

Osbert Gifford (

d

. after 1216).

5

Geoffrey FitzRoy (

d

.1205).

6

John FitzJohn or Courcy (

d

.1242); a knight; perhaps a clerk at Lincoln.

7

Odo or Eudo FitzRoy (

d.

1242?).

8

Ivo (confused with Odo?).

9

Henry; he married a minor heiress.

10

Richard, Constable of Wallingford Castle.

11

Matilda (?), Abbess of Barking.

12

Isabella la Blanche (?).

KING JOHN

He died on 18/19 October, 1216, at Newark Castle, Lincs., and was buried in Worcester Cathedral.

He was succeeded by his son Henry.

Henry III

FATHER: King John( see here).

MOTHER: Isabella of Angoulême (under King John see here).

SIBLINGS: (under King John, see here)

HENRY III

He was born on 1 October, 1207, at Winchester Castle, Hampshire. He succeeded his father as King of England and Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine on 28 October, 1216, being crowned on that day in Gloucester Cathedral with his mother’s circlet, the Crown Jewels having been lost in the River Wash. He was again crowned on 17 May, 1220, at Westminster Abbey. In December, 1259, he formally renounced the duchy of Normandy under the terms of the Treaty of Paris.