Текст книги "Britain's Royal Families"
Автор книги: Элисон Уир
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4 Elizabeth Alexandra Louise Alice (assumed name Elizabeth Federovna upon marriage) (1864–assassinated 1918 during the Russian Revolution); she married Grand Duke Serge of Russia (1857–murdered 1905).
5 Irene Louise Marie Anne (1866–1953); she married Prince Albert William Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), son of the Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria ( 
see here), and had issue.
6 Alice Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice (assumed name Alexandra Federovna upon marriage) (1872–1918: murdered during the Russian Revolution); she married Nicholas II, Tsar of all the Russias (1868–assassinated 1918 by the Bolsheviks), and had issue, all of whom were assassinated during the Russian Revolution.
7 Mary Victoria Feodora Leopoldine (1874–1878); she died of diphtheria.
Alice died on 14 December, 1878, at Darmstadt, of diphtheria, and was buried in the Mausoleum of Rosenhöhe, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany.
4 Alfred Ernest Albert
He was born on 6 August, 1844, at Windsor Castle. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 24 May, 1863, and was created Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster on 24 May, 1866. He succeeded his father’s brother Ernest as reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on 22 August, 1893. He died on 30 July, 1900, at Schloss Rosenau, Coburg, Germany, of cancer, and was buried in the cemetery of Coburg.
Alfred married, on 23 January, 1874, at the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, Russia:
Marie Alexandrovna
She was the daughter of Alexander II, Tsar of all the Russias, by Marie Alexandrovna, daughter of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine, and she was born on 5 or 17 October, 1853, at Tsarskoie-Selo, Russia (or, less probably, at St Petersburg, Russia). She died on 5 or 24 October, 1920, at Zürich, Switzerland.
Issue of marriage:
(i)
Alfred Alexander William Ernest Albert
He was born on 15 October, 1874, either at Buckingham Palace, or at Eastwell Park, Kent. He became a Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha upon the accession of his father to the ducal throne on 22 August, 1893, and he was made a Knight of the Garter on 23 April, 1894. He never married. He shot himself on 6 February, 1899, at Meran, in the Austrian Tyrol (or, much less probably, at Coburg), and was buried in the Castle church at Friedenstein, near Gotha, Germany.
(ii)
Marie Alexandra Victoria
She was born on 29 October, 1875, at Eastwell Park, Kent. She married Ferdinand I (Albert Meinrad), King of Romania (1865–1927), on 10 January, 1893, at Sigmaringen Castle, Romania, and had issue:
1 Charles II, King of Romania (1893–1953); he married firstly Joanna Maria Valentina (known as Zizi) (1898–1953), daughter of Constantine Lambrino; they were divorced in 1919. He married secondly Helen (1896–1982), daughter of Constantine I, King of Greece, and had issue; they were divorced in 1928. He married thirdly Elena Magda (1902–1977), daughter of Nicholas Lepescu.
2 Elizabeth Charlotte Josephine Victoria Alexandra (1894–1956); she married George II, King of Greece (1890–1947), but they were divorced in 1935.
3 Marie (1900–1961); she married Alexander I, King of
Yugoslavia (1891–murdered 1934), and had issue.
4 Nicholas (
b
.1903); he married firstly Joanna Dolete (1909–1963), daughter of John Dumitrescu-Tohani, and secondly Theresa Lisboa Figueria (
b
.1913), daughter of Jeronymo de Avellar Figueira de Mello.
5 Ileana (
b
.1909); she married firstly Anton, Archduke of Austria-Tuscany (
b.
1901), and had issue; they were divorced in 1954. She married secondly Stephen Issarescu (
b
.1906). She is now a nun, and is known as Mother Alexandra of the Monastery of the Transfiguration, Ellwood City, P.A., U.S.A.
6 Mircea (1913–1916).
Marie died on 18 July, 1938, at Peles Castle, Sinaia, Romania.
(iii)
Victoria Melita
She was born on 25 November, 1876, at the Palace of San Antonio, Malta. She married firstly Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Rhine (1868–1937) (son of Alice, daughter of Queen Victoria –
above) on 19 April, 1894, at Schloss Ehrenburg, Coburg, Germany, and had issue:
1 Elizabeth Mary Alice Victoria (1895–1903).
2 Unnamed son (
b
.&
d.
1900).
3 Miscarriage.
Victoria was divorced from Ernest on 21 December, 1901. She married secondly Grand Duke Kyrill Vladimirovitch of Russia (1876–1938) on 8 October, 1905, at Tegernsee, and had issue:
1 Marie Kirillovna (1907–1951); she married Frederick Charles Edward Erwin, 6th Fürst of Leiningen (1898–1946), and had issue.
2 Kira Kirillovna (1909–1967); she married Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia (
b
.1907), and had issue.
3 Vladimir Kirillovitch (
b
.1917); he married Leonida Georgievna, Princess Bagration-Monkhransky (
b
.1913), and had issue.
Victoria died on 2 March, 1936, at Amorbach, Germany.
(iv)
Alexandra Louise Olga Victoria
She was born on 1 September, 1878, at Coburg, Germany. She married Ernest William Frederick Charles Maximilian, 7th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1863–1950), on 20 April,
1896, at Coburg, and had issue:
1 Godfrey Victor Hermann Alfred Paul Maximilian, 8th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1897–1960); he married Margaret (1905–1981), daughter of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and had issue.
2 Marie Melita Leopoldine Victoria Feodora Alexandra Sophia (1899–1967); she married William Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg, and had issue.
3 Alexandra Beatrice Leopoldine (1901–1963).
4 Irma Helena (
b
.1902).
5 Alfred (
b
.&
d
.1911).
Alexandra died on 16 April, 1942, at Schwäbisch-Hall, Württemburg, Germany.
(v)
Unnamed daughter
She was born on 13 October, 1879, at Eastwell Park, Kent, and died the same day. She may have been stillborn.
(vi)
Beatrice Leopoldine Victoria
She was born on 20 April, 1884, at Eastwell Park, Kent. She married Alfonso Maria Francisco Antonio Diego, Infante of Spain and 3rd Duke of Galliera (1886–1975), on 15 July, 1909, at Schloss Rosenau, Coburg, Germany, and had issue:
1 Alvaro Antonio Fernando Carlos Felipe, Prince of Orléans (
b
.1910); he married Carla Delfino (
b.
1909), and had issue.
2 Alonso Maria Cristino Justo (1912–killed 1936).
3 Ataulfo Alejando Isabelo Carlos (
b
.1913).
Beatrice died on 13 July, 1966, at Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain.
5 Helena Augusta Victoria
She was born on 23 or 25 May, 1846, at Buckingham Palace. She married Christian, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831–1917), on 5 July, 1866, at the Private Chapel, Windsor Castle, and had issue:
1 Christian Victor Albert Louis Ernest Anthony (1867–1900).
2 Albert John Charles Frederick Alfred George, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1869–1931).
3 Victoria Louise Sophia Augusta Amelia Helena (1870–1948).
4 Franzisca Josepha Louise Augusta Marie Christina Helena (known as Princess Marie Louise) (1872–1956); she married Aribert Joseph Alexander, Prince of Anhalt (1864–1933); they were divorced in 1900.
5 Frederick Christian Augustus Leopold Edward Harold ( b.& d.1876).
6 Unnamed son ( b.& d.1877).
Helena died on 9 June, 1923, at Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London, and was buried at Frogmore, Windsor.
6 Louise Caroline Alberta
She was born on 18 March, 1848, at Buckingham Palace. She married John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll (1845–1914), on 21 March, 1871, at St George’s Chapel, Windsor. She died on 3 December, 1939, at Kensington Palace, London, and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, her ashes being buried at Frogmore, Windsor.
7 Arthur William Patrick Albert
He was born on 1 May, 1850, at Buckingham Palace. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 24 May, 1867, and a Knight of the Thistle on 24 May, 1869. He was created Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex on 24 May, 1874. He died on 16 January, 1942, at Bagshot Park, Surrey, and was buried in the Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor.
Arthur married, on 13 March, 1879, at St George’s Chapel, Windsor:
Louise Marguerite Alexandra Victoria Agnes
She was the daughter of Prince Frederick Charles Nicholas of Prussia by Mary Anne, daughter of Leopold Frederick, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, and she was born on 25 July, 1860, at Marmorpalais (Marble Palace), near Potsdam, Germany. She died on 14 March, 1917, at Clarence House, London, and was buried in the Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor.
Issue of marriage:
(i)
Margaret Victoria Augusta Charlotte Norah
She was born on 15 January, 1882, at Bagshot Park, Surrey. She married (Oscar Frederick William Olaf) Gustavus Adolphus VI, King of Sweden (1882–1973), on 15 June, 1905, at St George’s Chapel, Windsor, and had issue:
1 Gustavus Adolphus Oscar Frederick Arthur Edmund
(1906–1947); he married Sybilla Calma Marie Alice Bathildis Feodora of Saxe-Coburg (1908–1972), and had issue.
2 Sigvard Oscar Frederick, Duke of Upland (
b.
1907); he married firstly Erika Maria Regina Rosalie Patzeck; they were later divorced. He married secondly Sonia Helen Robbert (
b.
1909), and had issue.
3 Ingrid Victoria Sophia Louise Margaret (
b.
1910); she married Frederick IX, King of Denmark, and had issue.
4 Bertil Gustavus Oscar Charles Eugene, Duke of Holland (
b.
1912).
5 Charles John Arthur, Duke of Dalecarlia (
b.
1916); he married Ellen Christine Margaret Wijkmark (
b.
1910).
6 Unnamed daughter (
d.
young).
Margaret died on 1 May, 1920, at Stockholm, Sweden.
(ii)
Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert
He was born on 13 January, 1883, at Windsor Castle. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 15 July, 1902. He died on 12 September, 1938, at Belgrave Square, London.
Arthur married, on 15 October, 1913, at the Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace:
Alexandra Victoria Alberta Edwina Louise
She was the daughter of Alexander William George Duff, Duke of Fife, by Louise, daughter of Edward VII, and she was born on 17 May, 1891, at East Sheen Lodge, Surrey. She succeeded her father as Duchess of Fife in her own right in 1912. She died on 26 February, 1959, at her house in Avenue Road, London, and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, London.
Issue of marriage:
(a)
Alastair Arthur
He was born on 9 August, 1914, in Mount Street, London, and was styled Earl of MacDuff from birth. He succeeded his grandfather Arthur as Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex on 16 January, 1942. He died on 26 April, 1943, at Government House, Ottawa, Canada, and was buried in Mar Lodge Chapel, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
(iii)
Victoria Patricia Helen Elizabeth
She was born on 17 March, 1886, at Buckingham Palace. She
married Sir Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay (1881–1972) on 27 February, 1919, at Westminster Abbey (this was the first royal wedding to take place in the Abbey since Tudor times). She renounced her title of Princess, and assumed the style Lady Patricia Ramsay upon marriage. She had issue:
1 Alexander Arthur Alfonso David Maule (
b
.1919); he married Marjorie Flora (
b
.1930), daughter of Alexander Arthur Fraser, 19 Earl of Saltoun, and had issue.
Lady Patricia died on 12 January, 1974.
8 Leopold George Duncan Albert
He was born on 7 April, 1853, at Buckingham Palace. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 24 May, 1869, and created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow on 14 May, 1881. A haemophiliac, he died after an accident on 28 March, 1884, at the Villa Nevada, Cannes, France, and was buried in St George’s Chapel, Windsor.
Leopold married, on 27 April, 1882, at St George’s Chapel, Windsor:
Hélène Frederica Augusta
She was the daughter of George Victor, Prince of Waldeck-Pyrmont, by Helena Wilhelmina Henrietta Pauline Marianne, daughter of George William Augustus Henry, Duke of Nassau-Weilburg, and she was born on 17 February, 1861, at Arolsen, Waldeck, Germany. She died on 1 September, 1922, at Hinterris in the Austrian Tyrol, and was buried in Austria.
Issue of marriage:
(i)
Alice Mary Victoria Augusta Pauline
She was born on 25 February, 1883, at Windsor Castle. She married Alexander of Teck, Earl of Athlone (1874–1957) (great-grandson of George III and brother of Queen Mary, wife of George V), on 10 February, 1904, at St George’s Chapel, Windsor, and had issue:
1 May Helen Emma (
b
.1906); she married Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith (
b
.1900), and had issue.
2 Rupert Alexander George Augustus, Viscount Trematon (1907-killed in a car accident, 1928).
3 Maurice Francis George (
b.
&
d
.1910).
In 1917, Alexander of Teck adopted the surname Cambridge,
which has since been used by his family. Princess Alice died on 3 January, 1981, at Kensington Palace, London, and was buried at Frogmore, Windsor.
(ii)
(Leopold) Charles Edward George Albert
Known as Charles, he was born on 19 July, 1884, at Claremont House, Esher, Surrey, his father’s posthumous son. He therefore succeeded at birth as Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow. He succeeded his uncle Alfred as Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on 30 July, 1900. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 15 July, 1902. He supported Kaiser William II during the First World War, and was consequently struck off the register of the Knights of the Garter in 1915. He abdicated as Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on 14 November, 1918, and his English titles were formally removed by order of King George V in Council on 28 March, 1919. He died on 6 March, 1954, at Coburg, Germany.
Charles married, on 11 October, 1905, at Glücksburg Castle, Holstein, Germany:
Victoria Adelaide Helena Louise Marie Frederica
She was the daughter of Frederick Ferdinand George Christian Charles William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, by Victoria Frederica Augusta Marie Caroline Matilda, daughter of Frederick Christian Augustus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. She was born on 31 December, 1885, at Grünholz, Holstein, Germany. She died on 3 or 5 October, 1970, either at Coburg, Germany, or at Greinburg, Austria.
Issue of marriage:
(a)
John Leopold William Albert Ferdinand Victor (1906–1972); he married firstly Feodora Mary Alma Margaret (
b.
1907), daughter of Baron Bernard von der Horst, and had issue; they were divorced in 1962. He married secondly Maria Theresa Elizabeth (1908–72), daughter of Max Reinde.
(b)
Sybilla Calma Mary Alice Bathildis Feodora (1908–1972); she married Prince Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1906–killed 1947), and had issue.
(c)
Dietmar Hubert Frederick William Philip (1909–1943).
(d)
Caroline Matilda Louisa Eleanor Augusta Beatrice (
b.
1912); she married firstly Frederick Wolfgang, Count of Castell-Rudenhausen (1906–1940), and had issue; they were divorced in 1938. She married secondly Max Schnirring (1896–1944), and had issue, and thirdly Jim Andree (
b.
1912); they were divorced in 1949.
(e)
Frederick Josias Charles Edward Ernest Cyril Harold (
b.
1918); he married firstly Victoria Louisa Frederica Caroline Matilda (
b.
1921), daughter of Hans, Count of Solmsbaruth, and had issue; they were divorced in 1946. He married secondly Denise Henrietta (
b.
1923), daughter of Gaston Robert de Muralt, and had issue; they were divorced in 1964. He married thirdly Katherine (
b.
1940), daughter of Dietrich Charles Bremme.
9 Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore
She was born on 14 April, 1857, at Buckingham Palace. She married Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg (1858–1896) on 23 July, 1885, at Whippingham Church, Isle of Wight, and had issue:
1 Alexander Albert, Marquess of Carisbrooke (1886–1960); he married Irene Frances Adza (1890–1956), daughter of William Denison, 3rd Earl of Londesbrough, and had issue.
2 Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena (who took the additional names Maria Christina upon entering the Roman Catholic Faith) (1887–1969); she married Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1941), and had issue.
3 Leopold Arthur Louis (1889–1922).
4 Maurice Victor Donald (1891–killed at the Battle of Mons, 1914).
Beatrice died on 26 October, 1944, at Brantridge Park, Balcombe, Sussex, and was buried in St George’s Chapel, Windsor. Her remains were later removed to St Mildred’s Church, Whippingham, Isle of Wight.
QUEEN VICTORIA
She died on 22 January, 1901, at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, and was buried in the Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor.
She was succeeded by her son Albert, who styled himself Edward VII.
CHAPTER NINE
The House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha becomes the House of Windsor
The Hanoverian line officially ended with the death of Queen Victoria. Her son, Edward VII, was the first sovereign of the short-lived royal House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, as the son of the Prince Consort. At the turn of the 20th century, the British royal family was enjoying its greatest pinnacle of prestige, with the British Empire – which had vastly expanded during the reign of Victoria – covering much of the globe. The Monarchy now had imperial status, and Victoria herself embodied all its highest ideals.
This state of affairs could not last. The 20th century has seen the most sweeping changes in our history, as well as two world wars. The great Empire did not long survive the Second World War, and became the British Commonwealth of Nations, although many have since become independent.
It was one of the supreme ironies of history that the monarchy which led Britain and the Empire through two wars against Germany should itself be of German origin, and its members closely intermarried with high-ranking supporters of Kaiser William II or Adolf Hitler. Queen Victoria herself spoke English with a strong German accent, and German at home with Albert. The royal family of Hanover and that of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha were British by birth, closely related to the British royal house. Yet so strong was the monarchy’s identification with its people, and so anti-German was the popular feeling of its subjects, that in 1917 King George V decided to expunge all German names and titles from his House and family. Thus the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha became the House of Windsor; their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Teck became transformed by the surname Cambridge; and Battenberg – the name of one of the most illustrious families of 19th– and 20th-century Europe – became Mountbatten.
Thirty years later, Mountbatten and Windsor were to become linked by marriage, when the present Queen married Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, formerly Prince Philip of Greece. Since Elizabeth II’s accession, it has become clear that, while the Queen’s House and family are still known as Windsor, her children are surnamed Mountbatten-Windsor. George V decreed also that the title Prince or Princess might be borne, not only by the sons and daughters of the monarch, but also by the children of sons of the sovereign. Great-grandchildren in the male line are styled Lord (name) or Lady (name) Windsor. Primogeniture, as practised by the Plantagenets centuries ago, is still used to determine the order of succession to the throne.
Of course, the monarchy has adapted to change, and also to an age in which media intrusion has – rather dangerously, on occasions – sometimes reduced it to the level of a soap opera. This is perhaps the greatest threat it has faced since 1936, when Edward VIII abdicated for love, to marry a twice-divorced woman. That event shook the throne, and it was only the dedication and devotion to duty of King George VI and the late Queen Mother that restored its prestige. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II has maintained that tradition; as a sovereign reigning in an age that has seen great changes in the moral and social climate, she continues to embody all the domestic, and now sometimes unfashionable, virtues that made Queen Victoria so successful a monarch; yet, unlike Victoria in her later years, Elizabeth II is a very visible monarch, seen to be performing her duties with sincerity and dedication, in full glare of the media. She is a constitutional monarch par excellence,whose long experience in politics and public life has earned her the respect of political leaders worldwide.
For all the rumours, it is unthinkable that the Queen will abdicate. The memory of Edward VIII is too fresh in the public mind. The succession is assured well into the 21st century, and we may confidently hope that the traditions of a thousand years of British monarchy will continue long into the future.
