Текст книги "On the Way to Success. На пути к успеху"

Автор книги: Елена Карневская

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Текущая страница: 3 (всего у книги 13 страниц) [доступный отрывок для чтения: 5 страниц]

34. By the time Bill (leave) school, he (speak) good French and German. When he (be) at university he (learn) Italian and Spanish.

35. Yesterday Jenny (send) me a very apologetic letter explaining why she (not/do) what she (promise).

36. Ann only (work) there for a few days when she (decide) to leave.

37. The bank (tell) me last week there (be) no money in my account. I (spend) it all.

38. The label (come) off the tin and I didn't know how to cook the meat.

39. When I (get) back after lunch, Jean (tell) me that somebody (phone) when I (be) out.

40. They (get) married in 1990, just a year after they (fall) in love.

41. While I (try) to get my car started, a passing car (stop) and the driver (offer) to help me.

42. Penicillin was discovered when Alexander Fleming (find) some mould growing on a laboratory dish he (leave) beside the window.

43. David (admit) that he (hit) the other car, but (say) he (not/damage) it.

44. Jane (miss) the party because no one (inform) her about it.

45. It (turn) out that they (use) that business for quite a time as a screen for their drug-dealing activities.

46. Hardly Harry (start) working when he (realize) that he (need) to go to the library.

47. As Lucy (walk) home, she (try) to remember what (happen).

48. Because Sam and Tony (do) all the work themselves, they (be) unwilling to give the results to John.

49. By the time Liz (be) eighteen she (study) English for six years.

50. Hopi Indians (raise) cotton to make cloth for centuries before the arrival of Europeans in the American Southwest.

51. We (fly) for twenty minutes when the pilot (announce) we (have) to go back because of bad weather.

52. By the time the last marathon runner (cross) the finishing line, nearly everyone (go) home.

53. The house (burn) to the ground by the time the fire brigade (arrive).

4. Correct errors where necessary.

1. The jumper was shrinking when I had washed it.

2. Mike got really exhausted in his first marathon because he didn't run such a long race before.

3. The light in the room showed that Mr Simpson had been waiting for me.

4. The Titanic had been travelling to New York when it hit an iceberg and sank in the Atlantic.

5. The footballer ran towards the goal when he fell over.

6. George said that he didn't decide yet which side to support.

7. I took the decision after I have spoken to him.

8. Bill was working at the same problem for two hours when Jack phoned him and asked if he solved it.

9. I knew that Nick had boarded with an American family since his arrival and he had been learning a great deal about American habits and customs.

10. I found out why my pen friend didn't get my letters. I've been sending them to the wrong address!

1.6. WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE ACTIONS IN ENGLISH

A. The Future Simple Tense

FORMATION

The Future Simple (Indefinite) tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary shall/will and the Infinitive of the main verb without to.

Table 10

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

shall

work

I

shall not

work

shall

I

work?

you

he

she

it

will

you

he

she

it

will not

will

you

he

she

it

we

shall

we

shall not

shall

we

you

they

will

you

they

will not

will

you

they

Contractions

'11 = will (shall) shan't = shall not won't = will not

In modern English will is preferable with all persons. Any difference between shall and will disappears in everyday speech, where the contractions I'll and we'll are normally used.

USAGE

The Future Simple (Indefinite) denotes:

1. A predicted future action, a happening which is inevitable and out of anybody's control.

Next year I'll be 18.

Spring will come soon.

In 100 years' time there will be a lot more people

than there are now.

Reference to the future is typically indicated by adverbials of time such as tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a week (month, year), next year, in 2008, etc. Sometimes reference to the future is clear from the situation.

Spring has come, so the snow will start melting, the birds will come back home.

2. An action which the speaker regards as possible, probable or likely to happen in future (near or remote).

I'm sure he'll get better.

I don't think I'll go out tonight, I'm too tired.

No doubt you'll enjoy the performance.

I don't think Ann will pass her exams easily. She was idling away her time during the term.

Do you think they'll win the match?

I'll probably be a bit late this evening. 3. An action decided on spontaneously, out of circumstances (i.e. an action which is not part of a plan).

Don't lift the suitcase. I'll help you.

It looks like rain. I'll take my umbrella then.

It's Kate's birthday tomorrow. – Is it? O.K. I'll send her a card this afternoon.

What would you like to drink? – I'll have a coke, please.

Close in meaning to this case is the use of the Future Simple in complex sentences with clauses of time and real condition. It must be remembered that the Future Simple is found only in the principal clause, whereas the subordinate clause takes the Present Simple or the Present Perfect (to express a completed action).

I'll phone you as soon as I arrive.

When you return home you'll notice a lot of changes.

It's pouring down. We'll get wet through if we go out.

When you see Jane again, you won't recognize her.

Come on! Mum will be worried if we are late again.

I won't send the parcel until I hear from you.

As soon as Bob and Ash ton have got married they'll move to California.

I shan’t phone you until I have done my homework.

In Indirect Speech when the reporting verb in the principal clause is in the Past tense the Future Simple tense is replaced by the Future in the Past and the adverbials like tomorrow, next week, etc. are replaced by the next day, the next week, etc.

We knew that Christie would phone the next week. Brian informed us he would go to university the next year.

B. The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

This tense-form is used to denote a near-future action which arises out of arrangement or plan and is sure to happen. It is frequently associated with the verbs of movement (go, come, arrive, fly, move, etc), but other groups of verbs are used as well.

I m leaving tomorrow.

My dad is flying to Paris tonight.

Wednesday won't do, I'm ajraid I'm attending a conference.

She says she's baby-sitting tonight.

Note the use of the Continuous forms of the verbs 'see, hear' in the meaning of 'meet', 'learn'т colloquial English. I'm seeing the dentist tomorrow.

C. The Construction «to he going + Infinitive»

This is used to denote:

1. Apian or personal intention.

Bill is going to sell his car.

What are you going to do at Christmas?

2. To predict future events, based on concrete evidence.

Look at the clouds! Isn't it going to rain?

He is definitely going to get better (there are signs

of recovery).

D. The Simple Present Tense

This tense is used instead of the Present Continuous to express a definite future arrangement in a more formal language. Like in the case with the Present Continuous, the future meaning of the Present Simple must be indicated by a special adverbial modifier or the context, e.g.

The train leaves at 6 a.m. tomorrow.

The film starts at 2 p.m.

E. The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense

FORMATION

The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense is formed with shall/will be + the Present Participle.

Table 11

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

we

shall

be working

I

we

shall not

be working

shall

I

we

be working⁹

you

he

she

it

you

they

will

you

he

she

it

you

they

will not

will

you

he

she

it

you

they

Contractions

'11 = will (shall) shan't = shall not won't = will not

In modern English will is preferable for all persons (see the Note for the Future Simple).

USAGE

The Future Continuous tense denotes:

1. An action which will be going on at a definite moment

in the future. Indicated either by an adverbial phrase (at 3 p.m., at this time tomorrow, etc) or by another future action (usually in the Present Simple or Present Continuous in clauses of time).

I'll be working in the library at 10 tomorrow.

This time next week we 'II be crossing the Pacific

Ocean.

The children will be doing their homework when

I come back from work.

I'll be buttering the bread while you are slicing the tomatoes.

You 'II recognize her easily when you see her. She'll be wearing a yellow hat.

2. An action which will be going on during a certain period of time in the future.

From 8 till 12 I'll be busy at university. I'll behaving classes at this time.

Will you be using your bike this evening?

Note that in Indirect Speech when the verb in the principal clause is in the Past tense-form the Future Continuous tense is replaced by the Future Continuous in the Past.

She said the children would he sleeping when she

arrived home

F. The Future Perfect Tense

FORMATION

The Future Perfect Tense is formed by means of the Future Simple of the auxiliary verb to have and the Past Participle

of the main verb.

Table 12

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

we

shall

have

gone by

4 o'clock

I

we

shall not

have

gone by

4 o'clock

shall

I

we

have

gone by

4 o'clock'⁷

he

she

it

you

they

will

he

she

it

you

they

will not

will

he

she

it

you

they

USAGE

The Future Perfect Tense denotes an action viewed as completed before a definite future moment indicated by an adverbial with the preposition 'by' or by another future action. It may also denote a future action covering a certain period of time up to or including the given future moment (with stative verbs, i. e. verbs not used in the Continuous aspect).

/ think she'll have finished the essay by Monday.

By the time you get back Mike will have left.

He'll have been in this business for five years by

next summer.

G. The Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive)

FORMATION

The Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive) tense is formed with the help of the Future Perfect Tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the Present Participle of the main verb.

Table 12

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I

we

shall/will

have been

working

I

we

shall not

have been /

will not

have been

working

shall

I

we

have been

working?

he

she

it

you

they

will

have been

he

she

it

you

they

will not

have been

will

he

she

it

you

they

USAGE

The Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive) tense-form denotes an action lasting for a period of time up to or including a certain future moment. This future moment can be indicated by an adverbial with the preposition 'by' or by another future action. As with all the perfect continuous tenses the Future Perfect Continuous is preferred to the Future Perfect when the speaker wants to emphasize the progressive character of an action.

By five o'clock I'll have been doing this crossword puzzle for two hours.

By the time he arrives in London Max will havebeen driving for nearly five hours.

Compare the use of the different tense-forms to express future actions in English.

1. If you come tonight, I am sure you 'II have much fun.

2. It's Jane's birthday in August. She will be sixteen.

3. Phew! It's hot here. – Yes, it is. I'll turn on the air conditioning.

4. She said she would go to college if she did well in her

exams. 5.1 think she'll have heard all about it by the time

I see her. 6.1 am going to take my driving test on Wednesday.

7. Take a warm coat. It's very cloudy. I think it is going to snow.

8. Our guests arrive by the 11.50 train.

9. They are opening an exhibition here next year.

10. How long will you have been studying English by the end of the year?

PRACTICE

1. Open the brackets using an appropriate Future tense where necessary.

A.

1. I (take) my sun-glasses in case it is sunny.

2. I don't think I can join you because my aunt and uncle (stay) with us this weekend.

3. You don't work in class! I (phone) your mother about this.

4. I (watch) television from eight o'clock to midnight.

5. When you (repair) my bike, Daddy?-1 (do) it tomorrow if I have time.

6. It's so crowded in here. I think, I (faint). -1 (take) you outside for a while.

7. I don't know when the concert (be) over.

8. If he doesn't come I (be) upset.

9. By the end of the summer he (teach) me to work with the computer.

10. Have a good time in Italy! – Thanks. I (send) you a postcard.

11. I think you (like) Nick when you meet him.

12. I (cook) spaghetti in case you get hungry.

13. I feel terrible. I think I (have) to go to bed.

14. This is an excellent machine which (give) you many years of service.

15. They (move) to a new flat next week.

16. This time tomorrow I (lie) on the beach.

17. If you ask I'm sure he (offer) to help.

18. What you (do) tomorrow evening?

19. We (visit) Vienna on Tuesday, then (go) to Paris on Wednesday and only afterwards we (spend) a few days in London.

20. Either you keep quiet or I (have) to ask you to leave.

21. We both hope that your leg (be) better in a couple of weeks and you (be able) to come to the wedding.

22. I never thought Jack (be) so much upset.

23. I (have) another English lesson this week.

24. I (see) you at the conference.

25. The bus (leave) at eight o'clock on Monday morning.

26. We (go) to visit Estonia this summer. We've already received the visas.

27. As soon as I (hear) the results I (let) you know.

28. Supposing it (snow). What we (do)'?

29. Look at the sun! It (go) to be a hot day tomorrow.

30. When they (find out) about this, there (be) trouble. 31.1 was sure he (be late).

32. When the train (arrive) tomorrow night?

33. He felt that he (have) to count on himself only.

34. They told us they (go) to the States in three weeks.

35. You (work) late tomorrow night?

36. This parcel looks heavy. I (take) it to the post office for you.

37. Can you meet Jack at the station, please? He (arrive) at nine o'clock on the train from Oxford.

38. Quick! The museum (close) in a quarter of an hour.

39. It is still raining so I think I (have) to take an umbrella.

40. They assured us that we (not/regret) if we (join) them in the disco.

41. You (have) to stay at home until you (get) rid of your bad cough.

42. According to the weather forecast snow (fall) by the end of December.

43. Autumn has come. The trees (lose) their leaves in a few weeks.

44. They (not/go) to the football match tomorrow, because they (work) at that time.

45. He told me that when he (be) in Japan for five years he (write) a book.

46. By the time you (get) back, Simon (leave).

47 Please, don't wear indoor shoes in the gymnasium, or you (damage) the floor.

48. What you (say) if you (see) her?

49 The Stones (be) married for thirty years in May.

50. I have to be back at 3.30, so I (leave) before lunch.

51 By the end of the month she (work) in this company for three years.

52. Why don't you come with us? We (go) to have a lot of fun.

53. I (take) my exams on Monday so I think I (stay) in on Saturday night.

54. The children (be) really hungry when they (get) home because they (run) around all afternoon without any food.

55. Why don't you come round at 9 o'clock? The children (go) to bed at that time so it (be) nice and peaceful.

56. I (not/go) to speak to her until she (apologize).

57. Martin asked me if I (help) him with English.

58. We (drive) over five hundred kilometres by the time we (reach) the border.

59. You (be) sick if you (eat) more chocolate.

60. Look out! We (go) to hit the car in front.

61. Don't phone too early because I (put) the baby to bed.

62. By the time I (qualify) I (study) law for six years.

63. He was not quite sure when his parents (come) home.

64. Bob didn't know if the time-table for the next week (change).

65. By the time you (get) back, all the food (go).

66. You (not/be) able to enter the building if you (not/have) your identity card.

67. The doctor told Carol that a week in the country (make) her feel better.

68. When I (learn) a thousand English words, I (be) able to read a newspaper?

69. We (return) the reference material to the check-out-desk after we (examine) it.

70. Tom promised that he (phone) us again at the weekend.

71. The film probably (not/finish) until midnight.

72. We were anxious if the police (find) the criminal.

73. Hopefully she (cook) dinner for us by the time we (get)home.

74. I'm sure if we don't get there before seven they (eat and drink) everything.

75. I hope you (not/forget) your promise by tomorrow.

76. You (see) Nick tomorrow by any chance?

77. I'm sure you (recover) by then from the shock of meeting Jason here.

78. I (stay) up late tonight to watch a film on television.

79. By Christmas I (work) in this office for ten years.

80. A new video shop (open) today. I (meet) my friends there this afternoon.

B.

A: What you (do) tonight?

B: I (try) to finish my homework because I (go) to my cousin's wedding on Saturday and I (not/be able) to do

it then.

A: What time the wedding (start) on Saturday?

B: The ceremony (begin) at 2 o'clock, then I (go) to the party in the evening.

A: (be) any of your friends there?

B: Well, my cousin says I can bring a friend. You (do) anything on Saturday night?

A: No, but I (feel) shy if I don't know anyone.

B: Never mind. It (be) a big party and I'm sure you (have) a great time.

A: O.K., then. Thanks very much.

C.

Dear Mum,

bv the time you receive this letter I (finish) my final exam and, whether they went well or not, I (celebrate). I (start) looking for a job at the end of the summer because I (go) on holiday around Europe for a month, starting next week. Sue (probably/come) with me, although she's not sure yet. If she does, I'm sure we (have) a great time. I (aee) her this evening, as usual, so I expect she (tell) me her decision then. Anyway, mv first exam (start) at 9 o'clock tomorrow so I (drive) down to the library to do some last-minute revision. Even though I (study) Russian for four years by the time these exams are over, I feel I've still got a lot to learn about the language. Give my love to Sam and Rover.

Yours, Jason

D.

Dear Debbie,

since you want to know what I (do) next week, I thought I (write) and let you know. It (be) a very busy week. On Monday I (go) to York. I probably (be) there for three days and by Wednesday I (meet) every important artist in the town. If everything goes well, I (go) to Newcastle on Thursday morning. There I (meet) the chairman of the Arts Council. Then on Friday and Saturday I (visit) several small towns in the area to see what their galleries are like. By Sunday I (travel) for days and I imagine I (be) very tired. So it looks like I (not/come) to your party on Sunday night. Sorry! I hope you (invite) me to the next one. Give my love to Mike.

Love, Susan

1.7. MISCELLANEOUS PRACTICE ON THE USE OF THE VARIOUS TENSE-FORMS IN THE ACTIVE VOICE

1. Present Simple/Present Continuous

I work in a large office with about thirty other people, most of whom I (know) quite well. We (spend) most of the day together, so we have all become friends. In fact, most of my colleagues are so interesting, that I (think) of writing a book about them!

Take Helen Watson, for example. Helen (run) the accounts department. At the moment she (go out) with Keith Bal-lantine, one of the sales representatives, and they (seem) very happy together. But everyone except Helen apparently (know) that Keith always (make) eyes at Susan Porter. But I (happen) to know that Susan (dislike) Keith. 1 can't stand people who (apologise) all the time!' she said to me. 'And besides, I know he (deceive) poor Helen. He (see) Betty Wills from the overseas department'. And plenty of other interesting things (go on). For instance, every week money (disappear) from the penny cashbox. When you (realize) that someone in your office is a thief, it (upset) you at first. But I also (try) to catch whoever it is before the police are called in. I'm not going to tell you who I (suspect). Well, not yet anyway!

2. Present Simple/Present Continuous

Dear Aunt Ruby,

I just (write) to tell you how much I (appreciate) the money you sent me, and to tell you how I (get) on in my first term at college. I (study) very hard but at the moment I (spend) a lot of time just making friends. I still (stay) with my friend Jean and I (look) for somewhere of my own to live. Only a few of the first-year students (live) in college here and I (seem) to be spending a lot of time travelling backwards and f rwards. I (go) to lectures every morning and most afternoons I (study) in the library. In fact I (write) this letter instead of an essay on 'Macbeth'. I (think) I'll buy some new clothes with the money you sent. Everything (cost) a lot here, and I (save) to buy a winter coat. It (get) really cold here in the evenings. I (know) lots of other students and generally speaking we (have) quite a good time socially! I also (learn)

to drive.

See you shortly.

Sue

3. Present Simple/Past Simple/Future Simple/Present Continuous/Present Perfect

Dear Mr.Harrison,

James (come) back to school on Monday and my husband (ask) me to explain the situation to you. James (recover) just from his grippe, but the doctor (tell) me yesterday to keep him home for a few more days to be on the safe side. We hope he (not/miss) anything important since the term (begin).

We would like to ask you to watch over him for a while and not to let him take part in games or gymnastics for a week until he (be) well again. James (be) so keen on games that he (try) to play before he (be) fit enough unless someone (keep) an eye on him.

We (provide) him with all the clothes on the list except the red athletics vests and the blue shorts. He already (grow) out of last year's pair, but we only (discover) this yesterday and the local shop (not/have) any in stock. I (send) them by post as soon as I (buy) some. We (be) very happy that James (take) to boarding-school life so well last year and we trust he (continue) to be happy this

year. We both (be) very grateful to you for being so helpful last year and look forward to having another talk with you when we (come) to the parent-teacher meeting next month.

Yours sincerely, K. Williams

4. Present Simple/Past Simple/Future Simple/

Present Continuous/Present Perfect

Dear Ashton,

I'm sorry I (not/write) to you for so long, but I (be) very busy lately. All last month I (have) exams and (have) to study very hard.

Anyway I (stop) studying now, and I (wait) for my exam results. As you see from my letter, my address (change) and I (live) in Leeds now.

My family (move) here three months ago. I hope when you (come) to Britain in the summer, you (visit) me. I (be) at home till the middle of August. Then I (go) on holiday to Scotland.

Hope to hear from you shortly.

Love,

Sarah

5. Present Simple/Past Simple/Present Perfect/

Present Perfect Continuous

My wife and I (live) in our present house in the country for five years. We (move) here after our second child (be) born. We (live) in town for ten years, and then (decide) that as soon as we could afford it we (move) away from the smoke and the noise of the city centre, which we finally (do) in 1985. We never (regret) it. We (be) reminded of the wisdom of our decision every morning when we (draw) the curtains to see open fields stretching before us. When the children (have I breakfast they (rush) outside to play which they (do) whatever the weather.

в . Present Simple/Future Simple/Present Continuous/Present Perfect

Actually we (think) of moving. My wife (accept) a new job which she (start) next month. As soon as she (start) she (have) a journey of fifteen miles there and back and I (not/ think) that she (realize) just how tiring this business (be). I already (decide) that I (get) in touch with some estate agents. I (not/feel) happy until we (find) a house closer to my wife's job. I wonder what the children (say) when they (hear) that we (move).

7. Present Simple/Past Simple/Future Simple/

Present Continuous/Present Perfect/Present

Perfect Continuous

Dear Ann,

I (receive) your letter about two weeks ago and (try) to find time to write you back ever since. I (be) very busy lately. For the past two weeks I (have) four tests, and I (have) another test next week. In addition, a friend (stay) with me since last Thursday. She (be) fond of sightseeing, so we (spend) a lot of time visiting some of the interesting places here. Between showing her the city and studying for my exams, I barely (have) enough time to breathe. Right now it (be) 3 a.m. and I (sit) here for five hours doing my studying. My friend's plane (leave) at 6.05, so I (decide) not to go to bed. That's why I (write) to you at such an early hour in the day. I (get) a little sleepy, but I would rather stay up. I (take) a nap after I (get) back from taking her to the airport.

How you (get) along? How your classes (go)'l Please, write soon.

Love,

Мary

8. Present Simple/Past Simple/Present Continuous/

Past Continuous/Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous

You (hear) the latest news? Jane (get) married soon! When I first (hear) about it, two days ago, I (ring) her up to congratulate her. 'We (think) about it for a long time', she said, 'but we only (make) up our minds recently. We (quarrel) so many times since we first (start) to go out together, but we always (make) it up. You (remember) that Mark (go) to the USA two years ago? And all the time he (work) there, I (go) out with someone else but I (know) Mark (be) the person I really (love). Since he (come) back we (not/quarrel), so we (think) we'll be happy. He (live) quite near me now, so we (see) more of each other. And frankly speaking we (grow) more tolerant of each other's faults lately. We (not/have) an argument since the day before yesterday!'

9. Present Simple/Past Simple/Present Continuous/

Past Continuous/Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous

–What you (do) with yourself lately? I (not/see) you for over a month.

–1 (be) to Stockholm since I last (see) you.

– Really? How long you (be) there and what you (do)!

– Nearly three weeks. I (do) some research at the Royal Library. I think I already (tell) you that I (work) on a book about Scandinavia.

–Yes. How it (go)!

– Not so bad. I (hope) to have it in the hands of the publisher by the end of the year.

10. Present Simple/Past Simple/Present

Continuous/Past Continuous/Present

Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous

Yes, I'm at Georgina's house this evening. What I (do) here? I (baby-sit). She and her husband (go) to a party. Four -four children. They (be) usually rather wild. I (baby-sit) here once when they all (start) screaming. But they (be) very good at the moment. I can see the youngest now in the room next door. She (eat) a huge box of chocolates that Georgina (give) me before she (leave). The others (find) a tin of paint and happily (paint) the walls of the kitchen. They (assure) me that they (do) this before and that their mother and father (have) no objection then. I only (hope) that they (tell) me the truth. One of them (get) himself in a bit of a mess. I (try) to clean him up with paint remover, but so far without much success.

77. Present Simple/Past Simple/Present

Continuous/Past Continuous/Present Perfect/Past

Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous

Brenda Pearl (join) our firm ten years ago. She (work) for the previous five years with an advertising company and (acquire) much useful experience. For the first eight years with us she (work) in the Sales Department and (work) there when I (become) Managing Director. Since then she (work) as my personal assistant and (prove) herself to be outstandingly capable on many occasions. She (work) on the top floor, in an office next to mine, but at the moment she (work) in London on a special assignment.

72. Past Simple/Past Continuous/Past Perfect

Last week I (have) a funny experience. I (be) on my own in the house because my husband (go away) on a business trip.

The first evening I (feel) rather tired as I (spend) the day shopping and cleaning. After supper I (watch) television for a while and then (decide) to go to bed early. I just (go) to lie down when I (hear) the sounds of men's voices, talking quietly. I (be) terrified. I (get) out of bed, and (creep) downstairs. The voices (come) from the sitting-room. I (tremble) all over. I slightly (open) the door and then (laugh) with relief. In my tiredness I (forget) to turn off the television...

13. Past Simple/Past Continuous/Past Perfect The Australian Salute

Before I (visit) Australia, an Australian friend in London (tell) me that I (learn) the Australian salute there. 'What's that?' I (ask). 'You (find out) when you (get) there', he (say). I (arrive) in Sydney 2 weeks after my talk with the friend and (stay) at a nice hotel near a beautiful beach. I never (visit) Australia before and I (enjoy) my stay immensely. I (swim) every day and die) in the sun. One day an Australian friend (suggest) a tour into 'the bush'* . I (agree) at once. The first thing I (notice) when we (be) in the bush (be) the flies. After a while I (remember) the conversation I (have) in London before I (come) there. 'What's the Australian salute?' I (ask) suddenly, as I (wave) my right arm to keep the flies away. «That's it!» my friend (say), as he (wave) back!

14. Past Simple/Past Continuous/Past Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous

I (go) to London for the first time in 1990 when I (be) just a child. My parents (be) already there many times so they (know) the city well. But they never (be) there with a child.

so they saw a different side of London with me. We (go) out every day and (have) a fantastic time. My parents (study) English for many years so they (have) no difficulty with the language. It (rain) while we (be) there but we (pack) all our waterproof clothes so it (be) no problem. When the time (come) to leave, I (feel) quite sad because I (have) such a good time.

15. Past Simple/Past Continuous/Past Perfect

This time last year I (cycle) in the rain along a country road in France with a friend of mine. We (decide) to go on a cycling holiday in Normandy. Neither of us (be) to France before, but we (know) some French from our time at school and we (manage) to brush up on the basics. Now we (wonder) if we (make) the right decision. We (plan) our route carefully in advance, but we (forget) one important thing, the weather. It (rain) solidly since our arrival and that night we (end up) sleeping in the waiting room at a railway station. Then the next morning as we (ride) down a steep hill my bike (skid) on the wet road and I (fall off). I (realize) immediately that I (break) my arm, and after a visit to the local hospital I (catch) the next train to Calais for the ferry home. Unfortunately my parents (not/expect) me home for a fortnight, and (go) away on holiday. So I (spend) a miserable couple of weeks alone, reading «Teach Yourself French».