Текст книги "Английский язык. Higher education "

Автор книги: Екатерина Филончик

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I'd love to travel abroad.

Friends sometimes complain that I order them around.

I like to have the advice and support of people more experienced than myself.

I don't like volunteering opinions in case they are unpopular.

I like to try to find new solutions to old problems.

I would prefer to be team captain than team member.

I get embarrassed easily.

I don't mind where I go with my friends as long as they are happy.

I like the latest fashions.

I like to be fully responsible for anything that I do.

Now add up your ticks and check your scores. Three or four ticks in any category indicates personality characteristics you should take account of when choosing a job.

Scoring A 1 7 11 15

B 2 5 9 14

C 3 6 10 13

D 4 8 12 16

Personality types:

A characteristics

The entrepreneur. You are the adventurous type. You enjoy new challenges and taking risks. You could find success in stock market dealing rooms or anywhere you can put your flashes of genius to good use.

B characteristics

The team worker. You work well with others but dislike having responsibility for other people, preferring to implement other people's plans rather than your own. You would probably do well in the armed forces or the Civil Service.

C characteristics

The backroom worker. You are a little shy, and find it difficult to mix with new people. You would do well in any behind the scenes job where you don't have to come face to face with strangers every day, such as a researcher or librarian.

D characteristics

The leader. You are confident in your abilities and you prefer to be in charge rather than to take orders. You enjoy having lots of people around you and would do well in a managerial post or any job which involves selling.

ACTIVITY H

SUPPLEMENTARY READING:

PART I

DIRECTIONS: Read the text.

TEXT 2 My future career

What do you want to be when you grow up? We have heard this question many times during our school years. Perhaps, it was difficult for us to give a definite answer earlier. But now we understand that the time to choose our future profession has come.

Finishing school is the beginning of an independent life for millions of school-leavers. Many roads are open before us: technical schools, colleges and universities. Centuries ago there were only a few jobs: people were farmers, bakers, butchers or carpenters. Today there are thousands of different kinds of jobs, and new ones are constantly appearing. No wonder that it is not an easy thing to make the right choice.

When choosing a future career, we should consider different factors. In my opinion, money is one of the most important factors when you make a choice. There are highly paid jobs and low-paid jobs. For example, a businessman, a president or a film star, are highly paid jobs. A worker, a doctor or an engineer, are low-paid jobs. I think everybody wants to earn as much money as possible.

Training, promotional prospects and conditions should be also taken into account. On the other hand, it's good when you get satisfaction from your job. It is very important to choose a profession that suits your interests.

In my opinion, a job should be interesting and socially important. Some jobs are considered to be more suitable for men and others for women. For example, the professions of secretary or nurse are more suitable for women. A lifeguard or a pilot are more likely the jobs for men. You should also decide whether you want to work indoors or outdoors.

To make the right choice, you should take into account your traits of character. It goes without saying that to become a good doctor you must be patient, caring and kind. Teacher's work requires love for children, profound knowledge of subjects, and the ability to explain. A secretary has to be efficient and careful in order to do her work quickly and accurately. Salespeople need to be friendly and persuasive, to get people buy their products.

There are so many people who influence us in choosing our occupation. Parents and friends play a very important role in our choices.

My father works for an international company as a managing director. It is a highly paid job and it offers a lot of opportunities. You can travel abroad and meet different people. My father is a friendly person and he is easy to talk to. He thinks that I must choose my future profession according to my taste and preferences. I respect him and I want to become a businessman, too.

I have always been interested in economics and I am good at Maths. I have an aptitude for working with people, and I think I'm rather communicative and have good social skills. I have good analytical abilities and I am good at problem-solving. Besides, I am good at English. English has become the standard language for all kinds of international business communications. To know English today is absolutely necessary for every businessman.

To become a successful businessman you should know a lot. So after finishing school I want to enter the university and to study marketing or management. Management deals mainly with people. A manager is a person who directly supervises people in an organization. Managers spend a great deal of time communicating, coordinating and making decisions affecting the daily operations of their organization. Almost everything, a manager does, involves decisions, and in decision-making there is always uncertainty and risk. So managing is a very interesting, but difficult, job.

Marketing deals with market research and commercial activity in general. It involves analyzing business situations, evaluating market opportunities, developing market strategies and controlling their implementation. It is important for a specialist in marketing to be flexible and prepared to make adjustments where necessary, as it is unlikely that any marketing plan will succeed exactly as planned.

I haven't decided yet what to study. But I still have time to think and to choose.

PART II

DIRECTIONS: Read the .

SO YOU’VE LEFT SCHOOL AND NEED A JOB

From DAILY MIRROR

HERE’S HOW TO GO ABOUT IT.

More than 650,000 teenagers have just left school and gone out into the adult world.

It’s a tough time, tougher than ever. With 243,422 young people already unemployed – and more expected by next spring – it is not going to be easy for many school-leavers to find a job.

All of them, whether they get work or not, must cope with a lot of new responsibilities.

Today the Daily Mirror begins a full examination of school-leavers’ problems – and also explains:

WHAT your rights are as a young adult.

WHAT you should do if you can’t find a job.

WHO will help you if you can’t get on with your parents.

HOW you can find a place of your own.

HANDLING INTERVIEWS.

Above all, don’t be late. Try to be at least five minutes early.

Wear something sensible and comfortable – and dress the part.

It is all right to dress up like a clown if you are applying for a job in the circus, but not for a job in an office.

A suit and a tie may make a good impression, but not necessarily the right one for a labouring job.

Relax and think of the interview as a conversation. The employer has to find out enough to decide whether to offer you the job.

You have to find out enough to accept if he offers.

SHOULD YOU LEAVE HOME?

Don’t leave home to find work unless you are desperate. And only do so if you have either friends or relatives to stay with. Don’t be afraid to ask questions if you don’t understand something or there is something you want to know.

It shows you are alert and interested.

Find out something about the company beforehand. If you know the name of the interviewer – and you should – use it.

Do not smoke unless you absolutely cannot do without and then ask before you light up.

If you feel nervous (most people do) try not to let it show.

With too many people chasing too few jobs employers can afford to pick and choose.

Don’t feel too disappointed if you don’t get the first job you apply for.

Often teenagers who arrive alone in big cities to look for work just find trouble.

Finding somewhere to live at a reasonable cost is virtually impossible and it can be hard to make friends in a big city.

A survey last year on sixty young people who left their homes in the North of England to work in London showed that within six months they had all returned.

But this doesn’t mean you should consider work only in your own hometown. Decide how far you are prepared to travel and how much it will cost. Then look around within the area.

GETTING STARTING

All you need to take along with you for your first job is your National Insurance card.

The first few days in a new job are always difficult. Some firms run introduction courses for new employees. They are shown round, introduced and helped generally.

Mostly, newcomers have to look after themselves.

In many firms it is almost a tradition to play jokes on new arrivals.

A favourite trick is to send you off for a piece of equipment that doesn’t exist.

When you ask for it you will be sent to another part of the firm again until you realize that a joke has been played on you.

PART III

DIRECTIONS:

Do the job maze below. If you answer “yes” follow the Yes arrow ( ); if you answer “no” follow the No arrow ( ). Then you will find the symbol which represents you. Find the symbol below. Choose the sentence you agree with (a, b, c or d) and find out which jobs are for you.

3.4 CAREER-TEST

1. Which of these statements most applies to you?

I love writing letters.

I read all the time.

I read when I’m not writing.

You are helpful, intelligent, easy to talk to, objective, philosophical.

The job for you:writer, TV producer, philosopher, poet.

You are clever, imaginative, a thinker, like to be alone.

The job for you:lawyer, librarian, English teacher, interpreter, museum curator.

You are lovely, thoughtful, observant, a quick-thinker, efficient.

The job for you: journalist, editor, script writer.

 2. Which of these statements most applies you?

a) People’s problems fascinate me.

b) I like helping people.

c) I enjoy solving people’s problems.

A) You are helpful, intelligent, tough, practical.

The job for you: doctor, teacher, vet, nursery nurse.

B) You are calm, optimistic, friendly, hard-working, trustworthy.

The job for you: social worker, counsellor,

C) You are patient, wise, perceptive, expressive.

The job for you: personnel officer, hypnotherapist, nanny, writer for magazine problem page.

 3. Which of these statements most applies you?

a) I really love a challenging job.

b) I love to see a job right through to the end result.

c) I love to work with others.

You are clever, inquisitive, ambitious, hard-working.

The job for you: architect, customs officer, marketing, buyer, publisher, journalist.

You are creative, practical, well-organized, helpful, reliable.

The job for you: tourist officer, mechanic, chef, fashion designer, jewellery designer, publisher.

You are helpful, sympathetic, cautious, intelligent, good at talking to people.

The job for you: teacher, interpreter, management consultant, personal secretary, public relations manager.

 4. Which of these statements most applies to you?

a) I’m extremely interested in other people.

b) I’m not practically interested in other people.

c) I’m keen to improve myself and others.

You are artistic, sociable, self-motivated, like gossip.

The job for you: photographer, chef, architect, journalist, musician, clothes/fashion designer.

You are creative, patient, a perfectionist, expressive, self-centred.

The job for you: graphic designer, florist, model sculptor, window dresser.

You are creative, emotional, like people, sympathetic, big-headed, artistic.

The job for you: model, beautician, interior designer, hairdresser, fashion-shop assistant.

 5. Which of these statements most applies to you?

a) I am often complimented on my good taste.

b) Music is important to me.

c) Art is very important to me.

You are creative, imaginative, a perfectionist, quite sociable.

The job for you: photographer, actor/actress, fashion/interior designer.

You are self-motivated, happy on your own, want to improve yourself.

The job for you: musician, record producer, dancer, songwriter.

You are thoughtful, artistic, moody, like to be alone.

The job for you: artist, poet, art/film critic, illustrator.

£ 6. Which of these statements most applies to you?

I love money.

I want to earn a lot.

I’m bound to earn lots of money.

You are calm, logical, like numbers and money, persuasive.

The job for you: car dealer, salesperson, bank manager, business person, insurance broker.

You are cool-headed, smooth-talking, selfish, want power.

The job for you: estate agent, pilot, travel agent, solicitor, journalist, shop manager.

You are ambitious, competitive, ruthless.

The job for you: newspaper editor, MP, record industry boss, company director.

☺ 7. Which of these statements most applies to you?

I like to feel useful.

I like to feel needed.

I like people.

You are hard-working, calm, not very ambitious, sociable, trustworthy, efficient.

The job for you: firefighter, policeman, store detective, beautician, personal secretary, social worker.

You are caring, optimistic, calm, like people, cheerful.

The job for you: nurse, doctor, physiotherapist, undertaker, counsellor, speech therapist.

You are sociable, relaxed, helpful, great company.

The job for you: flight attendant, hotel worker, disc jockey, receptionist, shop assistant, bar worker, social worker.

☼ 8. Which of these statements most applies to you?

I love the open air and moving from place to place.

I’ve got a lot of get-up-and-go.

I like to use my talents in a practical way.

You are adventurous, nature-loving, hard-working, a bit claustrophobic.

The job for you: farmer, builder, tourist guide, messenger.

You are lively, athletic, competitive, disciplined.

The job for you: athlete, jockey, sports teacher, army officer.

You are efficient, responsible, like animals, single-minded.

The job for you: vet, environmentalist, police officer, mechanic, surveyor.

 9. Which of these statements most applies to you?

a) I’m always doing sums in my head.

b) I concentrate better when I work alone.

c) I spend a lot of time deep in thought.

A) You are logical, a great student, fast-thinking, good at maths.

The job for you: account, statistician, computer analyst.

B) You are careful, logical, better working alone.

The job for you: computer operator, engineer, driving instructor.

C) You are practical, scientific, good at concentrating, like being along.

The job for you: pharmacist, science teacher, radiologist, electrician, plumber, dentist.

PART IV

DIRECTIONS:

World of jobs – Мир профессий

We spend great part of our lives at our jobs, so choosing a right career is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life. Many students finish high school and begin college without a clear idea of what they want to do in future. Part of the problem is the size of the job market itself. With so many kinds of jobs (2000) how can you tell which will interest you? Some of occupations are already overcrowded.

In old industries there may be little need for new workers, while new and growing industries will offer jobs now and in the future. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore your choice of occupations from every angle, collect as much information as you can. But above all you must evaluate yourself. Find out where your interests and talents lie. Postponing a decision is an error people make. "I'll get started tomorrow or next week, or next year," – many people think. These people refuse to face the problem, hoping it will go away. But if you don't take the first step now, how can you plan for the future, how can you take the right way? Such people miss many opportunities. First start with yourself, make a list of your interests, talents and abilities.

Most people have a lot of these, but at the beginning they are undeveloped and may not seem outstanding. By concentrating on a few, or on one you may surprise yourself at how good you can get. The interest inventory that follows covers the major fields in which most people find careers: science, art, social service, business, sales and so on. Sometimes we say that someone we know is 'a square peg in a round hole'. This means that person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. Unfortunately, many people in the world are 'square pegs'. But to be a 'square peg' is not a real problem, a real problem for millions of people is to be unemployed.

Unemployment especially hits poor and working class families the hardest, not because this people are more likely to be unemployed, but because they don't have financial resource to fall back on. Unemployment exists primarily for two reasons: first – the existence of millions of unemployed people tends to present most of those working from asking for higher wages since they can be replaced easily, second – in their search for profits, corporations are interested in finding the cheapest labor. As for our country more than 10% of our people are unemployed.

There is no lack of work force in Russia, but at the resent moment the need for professional workers is increasing. Old industries are overcrowded and it is hard to get new education for people whose age is 35-40 years. The problem of unemployment is also connected with the economic crisis in our country. And I think when this crisis comes to an end the problem of unemployment will not be so urgent.

Раздел 3

ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ВОПРОСОВ, СИТУАЦИЙ, ТЕМ К ЗАЧЕТУ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ПО БЛОКУ «ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ»

Unit 1 Higher Education in the Republic of Belarus

SPEAK AND WRITE

Questions:

Is it easy to become a student in our Republic?

Are the Belarusian specialists really much in demand in the world? Do you think it is a positive or a negative tendency? Prepare arguments for and against.

What are the major types of higher educational establishments in our country? What forms of learning do they provide?

What degrees are granted to graduates from Belarusian state and private universities?

Situations:

You are invited to the international conference concerning the development of higher education in different countries. You need to decide what to say about the system of higher education in the Republic of Belarus.

Topic

Summarize the information of the Unit 1 to be ready to speak on the topic “Higher Education in the Republic of Belarus.” The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.

Unit 2 Higher Education in Great Britain

SPEAK AND WRITE

Questions:

What is necessary to go on to higher education?

What types of higher educational establishments are there in the UK?

What courses of study are offered by higher education establishments?

What is the procedure of awarding degrees?

What are the conditions of receiving grants?

What are the Oxbridge universities famous for?

Express your opinion:

What are some differences between the educational system in the United States and the educational system in your country?

Would you like to be a student of the Open University of Great Britain? Why / why not?

Topic

Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic "Higher Education in Great Britain ". The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.

Unit 3 Higher Education in the USA

SPEAK AND WRITE

Questions:

What are the four conditions which every applicant must know to enter a college of higher education?

When does a graduate receive the BA or BS?

Why do most students study at public institutions of higher education?

How can a student receive financial aid from a college?

What is the difference between "majors" and "electives"?

Does a student have to earn a certain number of "credits" to receive a degree at the end of four years of college?

On what scale are college grades in the USA?

Situations:

Imagine you are a foreign student in the USA. What kind of higher educational establishments would you prefer? Why?

Topic

Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic “Higher Education in the USA”. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.

Unit 4 Our Institute

SPEAK AND WRITE

Questions:

What do you know about the development of parliamentarism and entrepreneurship in our country?

What do you know about the history of foundation of our Institute?

Where is the Institute of Parliamentarism and Entrepreneurship located?

How could you characterize the building of the Institute?

What do you know about the training courses of the Institute?

Do you think it is useful to get a diploma of an economist or a specialist in the field of political sciences?

Situations:

You are planning to have a youth conference with your foreign friends. You need to decide what to prepare to meet the requirements of all your guests.

What is meant by private education? Do you think it is a positive or a negative tendency? Prepare arguments for and against.

Topic

Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic “Our Institute”. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.

Unit 5 Future Career

SPEAK AND WRITE

Questions:

Is it easy to choose a career?

Have you already chosen your future profession? What do you know about it?

What are you good at?

Is there a great variety of jobs in our country?

Do you think that it’s very important to know a foreign language?

Are there many people who chose their career in childhood?

What should we pay attention to while choosing a career?

What do you know about your future profession?

Why are the professions of an economist and a manager very important now?

Why did you decide to enter this Institute?

What kind of knowledge does it give?

Do you think that it’s very important to know a foreign language?

What traits of character are necessary for a manager?

Situations:

You are applying for a job you have been dreaming about for a long time. Try to persuade the interviewer that you are suitable for this job, by enumerating your abilities, skills and speaking about your educational background.

Your friend has lost her job. She is at a loss and thinks that her career is over. She can't imagine how to succeed in life. Give her the advice.

You are a mother of a 15 year old girl. She is finishing school this year and can't decide which job to take. She even thinks about starting to work right after school. Explain her the importance of choosing the right career. Discuss together what career she can choose.

Topic

Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic “Future Career”. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.